2. Driver Inducement DEF Level – More Than 1/8th Tank of DEF None None Off More Than 1/8 th Tank Normal If, at any time, the driver replenishes the DEF, all indicators, warnings, derates and speed limits are eliminated. Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator DEF Tank Level Gauge Status
3. Driver Inducement DEF Level – Less Than 1/8th Tank of DEF DEF Low Audible Warning 3 Beeps Flash Less Than 1/8 th Tank Low DEF Indicators and warnings eliminate Driver Replenishes DEF Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator DEF Tank Level Gauge Status
4. Driver Inducement DEF Level – Near Empty Tank of DEF DEF Tank Near Empty Engine in Derate Add DEF Audible Warning 3 Beeps Solid Empty Tank Near Empty Engine derated to 75% torque Driver Does Not Replenishes DEF Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator DEF Tank Level Gauge Status
5. Driver Inducement DEF Level – Zero DEF Pump Pressure DEF Tank Empty Refill DEF to avoid 5 MPH limit Engine in derate Audible Warning 3 Beeps Solid Empty DEF pump unable to build pressure due to empty tank Engine derated to 75% torque Driver Does Not Replenishes DEF Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator DEF Tank Level Gauge Status
6. Driver Inducement DEF Level – Zero DEF Pump Pressure, Fuel Added Vehicle Speed Limited to 5 MPH Add DEF Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Solid Empty DEF pump unable to build pressure due to empty tank Driver Fills Fuel 15% 5 MPH speed limit activated Driver Does Not Replenishes DEF Driver adds 15% Diesel or cycles the ignition Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator DEF Tank Level Gauge Status
8. Driver Inducement Normal None None Off Off Normal Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
9. Driver Inducement DEF Poor Quality Detected Solid SCR Malfunction Check Owner’s Manual Engine Will Derate Soon Audible Warning 3 Beeps Off DEF poor quality detected Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
10. Driver Inducement Reached 10 Hours Of Engine Operation Solid SCR Malfunction Engine Derate Check SCR to Avoid 5 MPH Limit Audible Warning 3 Beeps Off Reached 10 hours of engine operation Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
11. Driver Inducement Reached 20 Hours Of Engine Operation Solid Service SCR System Before Refueling to Avoid 5 MPH Limit Audible Warning 3 Beeps Off Reached 20 hours of engine operation Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
12. Driver Inducement Diesel fuel tank level increased more than 15% Solid Service SCR System 5 MPH Limit Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Off Diesel fuel tank level increased more than 15% Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
13. Driver Inducement Temporary Override Solid DEF Quality Check Active 5 MPH Limit Removed Engine Derated Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Off Temporary override by 10 engine starts or scan tool Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
15. Driver Inducement Normal None None Off Off Normal Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
16. Driver Inducement SCR System Tampering Detected Solid SCR System Fault Engine Will Derate Soon Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Off SCR System Tampering Detected Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
17. Driver Inducement Reached 10 hours of engine operation Solid SCR System Fault Engine Derated 5 MPH Limit in Effect Soon Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Off Reached 10 hours of engine operation Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
18. Driver Inducement Reached 40 hours of engine operation Solid SCR System Fault Repair Before Refueling to Avoid 5 MPH Limit Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Off Reached 40 hours of engine operation Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
19. Driver Inducement Diesel fuel tank level increased more than 15% Solid Repair SCR System Fault 5 MPH Limit Audible Warning Constant until driver acknowledges Off Diesel fuel tank level increased more than 15% Information Alert Driver Information Display Popup Message DEF Indicator Additional Amber Warning Status
Editor's Notes
One addition to the EPA 2010 trucks is the inclusion of diesel exhaust fluid, DEF, as a method to eliminate NOx from the tail pipe emissions. DEF is inject into the exhaust stream after the diesel particulate filter. The DEF changes to ammonia gas that is used in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactor and changes NOx into carbon dioxide and water vapor. The following five slides will show you what the drive sees and what the driver should do as the DEF is used. The first slide shows the system is under normal operating conditions, the DEF supply is adequate. The four other slides show the DEF level and the driver actions needed to remedy the issues.
Note the DEF gauge in the lower left hand position of the gauge panel, it is similar to a diesel fuel gauge and shows the relative volume in the tank. The status is ‘normal’ and DEF tank is more than 1/8 th full. There are no alerts and no special messages for the driver to be concerned.
Notice the DEF gauge is indicating about 1/8 th or less of DEF remaining in the tank, the needle is just at the beginning of the red line indicating it time to replenish the DEF. The driver will receive three indicators to remind them to replenish the DEF – the DEF light will flash for about 90 seconds, there will be an audible warning ‘beep’ that will repeat three times and the Volvo driver information display (DID) will popup a “DEF Low” message. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. If the driver replenishes the DEF tank, the warnings will be eliminated. The truck will operate normally, without derates or speed limits in this status. If the driver does not replenish the DEF and continues to operate the DEF level will reduce further and additional conditions are invoked ….
If the driver allows the DEF level to drop to the bottom of the gauge, the tank is nearly empty. The driver will receive three reminders – the DEF lamp will remain ‘on’, there will be three audible beeps and the DID will display the message – “DEF Tank Nearly Empty – Engine Derated – Add DEF”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. The truck will continue to operate but a lower torque rating; only 75% of the torque will be available. This reduction in torque will not adversely affect the way the truck drives dramatically, but will reduce the pulling capabilities to the point that driver will notice a reduction in performance. As soon as the driver replenishes the DEF, full torque is restored and the warning eliminated. But if the driver continues to operate the truck, further reducing the amount of DEF …
The DEF pump will not be able to build pressure indicating the DEF tank is completely empty. The driver will be given three indicators – a solid DEF light, three audible warning beeps and the DID message will read “DEF Tank Empty – Refill DEF to avoid 5 Mph Limit”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. If the DEF is replenished, all the warnings are eliminated and the engine will have full power. If the driver turns off the truck or leaves the truck running and raises the diesel fuel tank level more than 15% …
The Driver will receive three reminders to replenish the DEF level – the DEF light, a constant audible warning and the DID will display the message – “Vehicle Speed Limited to 5 Mph – Add DEF”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily but, the driver will now need to replenish the DEF in order to eliminate reminders and return to normal operating conditions.
As part of the requirements in EPA 2010, engine manufacturers must monitor the condition of the engine aftertreatment system (EATS). The Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is part of the EATS and the condition of the DEF is monitored and warnings are issued to the driver if the DEF condition is suspect.
Note the DEF gauge in the lower left hand position of the gauge panel, it is similar to a diesel fuel gauge and shows the relative volume in the tank. The status is ‘normal’ and DEF tank is more than 1/8 th full. There are no alerts and no special messages for the driver to be concerned.
If poor quality DEF is detected, the driver is given three alerts in the form of a “check” light in the center of the instrument panel, an audible warning repeated three times and a Driver Information Display (DID) message stating “SCR Malfunction – Check Owner’s Manual – Engine Will Derate Soon”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. The DEF tank should be drained and filled with certified DEF and the SCR system should be serviced. This will eliminate the alerts. For the convenience of the operator, the truck will operate normally for ten hours before the next level of warning …
If the engine is operated for ten hours since the initial alert, the driver will be given three more alerts in the form of a “check” light in the center of the instrument panel, an audible warning repeated three times and a Driver Information Display (DID) message stating “SCR Malfunction – Engine Derated – Check SCR to avoid 5 Mph Limit”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. The DEF tank should be drained and filled with certified DEF and the SCR system should be serviced. This will eliminate the alerts. The truck will continue to operate but a lower torque rating; only 75% of the torque will be available. This reducing in torque will not adversely affect the way the truck drives dramatically, but will reduce the pulling capabilities to the point that driver will notice a reduction in performance.
If the engine is operated for twenty hours since the initial alert, the driver will be given three more alerts in the form of a “check” light in the center of the instrument panel, an audible warning repeated three times and a Driver Information Display (DID) message stating “Service SCR System Before Refueling to Avoid 5 Mph Limit”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. The DEF tank should be drained and filled with certified DEF and the SCR system should be serviced. This will eliminate the alerts. The truck will continue to operate but a lower torque rating; only 75% of the torque will be available. The trigger has been set for 5 Mph and the SCR system needs to be serviced to eliminate the 5 Mph trigger.
If the driver turns off the truck or leaves the truck running and raises the diesel fuel tank level more than 15% the trigger will activate and the speed is limited to no more than 5 Mph. The driver will be given three more alerts in the form of a “check” light in the center of the instrument panel, an audible warning repeated three times and a Driver Information Display (DID) message stating “Service SCR System - 5 Mph Limit”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. The SCR system will need to be serviced in order to restore the truck to normal operating condition.
When the SCR system has been restored, a service scan tool or 10 engine restarts can be used to reset the Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Poor Quality timers back to the normal operating condition without poor quality warnings. If the system has not be restored, the warning and derates will begin again.
As part of the requirements in EPA 2010, engine manufacturers must monitor the condition of the engine aftertreatment system (EATS). The SCR system is monitored to determine if any tampering has occurred.
Note the DEF gauge in the lower left hand position of the gauge panel, it is similar to a diesel fuel gauge and shows the relative volume in the tank. The status is ‘normal’ and DEF tank is more than 1/8 th full. There are no alerts and no special messages for the driver to be concerned.
If the wiring has been compromised, a sensor failed or tampering detected in the engine aftertreatment system (EATS) the driver will be given three indicators – a solid DEF light, a constant audible warning and the DID message will read “SCR System fault – Engine Will Derate Soon”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily but the EATS system will need to be restored for the reminders to be eliminated or to eliminate the derate trigger.
If the EATS has not been repaired and the engine operated 10 hours since the initial warning, the driver will be given three indicators – a solid DEF light, a constant audible warning and the DID message will read “SCR System fault – Engine Derated – 5 Mph Limit in Effect Soon”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily but the EATS system will need to be restored for the reminders to be eliminated or to eliminate the 5 Mph trigger. The truck will continue to operate but a lower torque rating; only 75% of the torque will be available. This reducing in torque will not adversely affect the way the truck drives dramatically, but will reduce the pulling capabilities to the point that driver will notice a reduction in performance.
If the EATS has not been repaired and the engine operated 40 hours since the initial warning, the driver will be given three indicators – a solid DEF light, a constant audible warning and the DID message will read “SCR System fault – Repair Before Refueling to Avoid 5 Mph Limit”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily but the EATS system will need to be restored for the reminders to be eliminated or to eliminate the 5 Mph trigger. The truck will continue to operate but at the lower torque rating; only 75% of the torque will be available.
If the driver turns off the truck or leaves the truck running and raises the diesel fuel tank level more than 15%, the trigger will activate and the speed is limited to no more than 5 Mph. The driver will be given three more alerts in the form of a “check” light in the center of the instrument panel, an audible warning repeated three times and a Driver Information Display (DID) message stating “Service SCR System - 5 Mph Limit”. The driver may use the DID stalk controls to acknowledge and eliminate the reminders temporarily. The SCR system will need to be serviced in order to restore the truck to normal operating condition.
