This document discusses pollution reduction using AdBlue technology. It begins by outlining emissions standards for diesel vehicles and introduces AdBlue as a solution used with selective catalytic reduction technology. AdBlue is injected into the exhaust stream where it converts harmful nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen and water vapor. The document then explains the chemical reactions involved when AdBlue is used, the full functioning of the technology in vehicles, its applications, and advantages and disadvantages. It concludes that AdBlue use will likely be required in the future to meet increasingly strict emissions regulations.

1. POLLUTION REDUCTION USING ADBLUE TECHNOLOGY
by
MOHD. SAHILANSARI
16BTMECH025
D E P A R T M E N T O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
V A U G H I N S T I T U T E O F A G R I C U L T U R E , E N G I N E E R I N G A N D T E C H N O L O G Y
S A M H I G G I N B O T T O M U N I V E R S I T Y O F A G R I C U L T U R E , T E C H N O L O G Y A N D S C I E N C E S .
P R A Y A G R A J ( A L L A H A B A D ) , 2 0 1 9
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2. • The Cause: Emissions & Pollution
Pollutants BS 3 BS 4 BS 6
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 5.0 3.5 2.0
Carbon monoxide (CO) 2.0 1.5 1.5
Unburned hydrocarbons (HC) 0.66 0.46 0.46
Particulate matter (PM) 1 0.02 0.02
Diesel engines offer the possibility of combining very high
thermal efficiencies with very low emissions, and their good fuel
efficiency results in low carbon dioxide emissions. The main
problem areas for diesel engines are emissions of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and particulates, and these two pollutants are traded against
each other in many aspects of engine design.
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Fig 1: Diesel Vehicle Emission

3. • Introducing AdBlue
AdBlue liquid is non-toxic, odorless, colorless and non-
flammable liquid. The AdBlue liquid is stored in a
motorize independent tank because AdBlue fluid and
fuel do not mix.
AdBlue is a diesel exhaust fluid used in vehicles with
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology to
reduce harmful gases being released into the
atmosphere. AdBlue is a 32,5 % solution of high-purity,
synthetically manufactured urea in de-mineralized water.
It is a safe-to-use fluid. AdBlue converts harmful NOx
from our diesel vehicle exhaust into harmless nitrogen
and steam, therefore considerably reducing the emissions
of nitrogen oxides (NOx) that are a major source of
atmospheric pollution and that lead to smog in urban
centers.
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4. • The AdBlue Phenomenon
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I. The exhaust gases containing Nox is been
passed from a passage leading to SCR.
II. On the way to SCR, the AdBlue solution
is being injected on the exhaust gases,
where it mixes with Nox and forms
carbon dioxide along with nitrogen
dioxide.
III. The resultant product in then introduced
to SCR where final reaction takes place in
the presence of ammonia where nitrogen
and water droplets are released as the
final product. Fig 2: Basic AdBlue phenomenon

5. 5
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Technology
When AdBlue is injected into the hot exhaust
gas, the SCR system decomposes it into
ammonia, which then reacts with the surface of
catalyst to produce nitrogen and water vapor.
Ammonia (NH3) is used as a reducing agent;
however, due to its aggressiveness and toxicity,
it is not applied as such, but in the form of an
innocuous substance, which releases NH3 in the
exhaust gas stream, the engine can be operated
under optimal conditions
In the actual selective reduction, NH3 reacts
with the NO/NO2 mixture to form nitrogen
and water (steam), which with 80 %
constitutes the main natural component of the
atmosphere.

6. 6
• Reactions in Automobile after injecting AdBlue.
a. Partial Oxidation:
i. 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
ii. 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2
iii. 4 HC + 3O2 → 2 CO2+ 2H2O
b. AdBlue Reaction:
i. (NH2)2CO + H2O → 2 NH2 + CO2
c. Selective Catalytic Reduction:
i. 6NO2 + 8 NH3 → 7N2 + 12 H2O
ii. 4 NO + O2 + 4 NH3 → 4 N2 + 6 H2O
iii. NO + NO2 + 2NH3 → 2N2 + 3H2O

7. 7
• Complete AdBlue Phenomenon
Fig 5: Full functioning of AdBlue in an Automobile.

8. 8
• Applications of AdBlue
Commercial Vehicles
Agriculture Machinery
Construction Machinery
Passenger Cars
Marine
Rails

9. • Advantages of AdBlue Technology
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10. • Disadvantages of AdBlue Technology
•System adds weight
•Adequate urea supply infrastructure not yet in place
•Purchasing urea is additional cost
•System, including sensors and other compliance-related devices, must be
maintained
•Most effective at constant speeds and high loads; least in stop/start
•Urea (also in some fertilizers) is a water pollutant/harmful to fish
•The SCR-technology costs are negatively influenced by the AdBlue tank and
dosing system.
•The SCR-technology requires replenishment of AdBlue at regular intervals.
•The low freezing point of urea needs adequate measures for winter functioning.
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• Conclusion
Will I need AdBlue in the future? Yes, you probably will. Based on the current developments in engine technology, if you run a
diesel engine you will still need NOx reducing fluids in the future. Emission legislation for transportation and off-road vehicles
will become more demanding. Euro 6 will require the use of SCR technology and AdBlue for all transportation vehicles and
passenger cars. So it is likely that you will require AdBlue in the future. 2014 has also changed the diesel technology in passenger
cars. SCR and AdBlue has become a standard feature for some top model diesel driven cars.
Due to its excellent solubility in water (1,080 g/l) urea will tend to stay in the aqueous phase in an oil separator, and from there it
will get into the public sewage system and eventually into the public waste water treatment plants. There it will be completely
catabolized within a few days. However, the question of permits for release of urea solutions into the public sewage systems still
needs to be investigated. As SCR is a chemical process, the exhaust gas can smell different to a conventional diesel vehicle. In
addition, some “white smoke” might be seen from the exhaust pipe when the engine is started, this is only water vapor. Do not
touch this vapor as it may be slightly acidic. If it makes contact with skin, or clothes, flush the area well with water.
As a fleet owner you will also need AdBlue for your replacement vehicles. Since 2006, most newly built trucks and buses are
fitted with an SCR system that uses AdBlue. Putting new trucks into use will automatically require you to familiarize yourself
with AdBlue. Current developments also point towards an increase in the use of catalytic reduction in off-road vehicles. Stage I to
IV demand cleaner off-road vehicles with lower NOx output. AdBlue is the best way to achieve this.

12. • References
• International Journal of Environmental Sciences- Volume 2, No 2, 201, AdBlue: An Overview
Yadav Indrajit N. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University,
Pune, (MS) India
• https://www.yara.in/chemical-and-environmental-solutions/adblue-for-vehicles/
• https://www.yara.com/chemical-and-environmental-solutions/adblue/
• https://www.greenoxsolution.co.uk/AdBlue%C2%AE/Applications.aspx
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Thank You.