BS and EU emission standards report

Wednesday, October 25, 2017
1
A
SUMMER TRAINING
REPORT ON
AUTOMOTIVE STANDARD LIKE B.S. AND EURO STANDARD
JAHANGIRABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO:-
SUPERVISOR
MR GULFARAZ ALAM
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
SUBMITTED BY:-
MD JAHANGIR ALAM
M.E (4TH YEAR)
1454540016

CONTENTS:-
Wednesday, October 25, 2017 2
 Introduction
 Emission Standard
 Emission Norms
 Emission Control Technologies
 Classification of Automotive Standard
 Electronic Fuel Injection Systems
 Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BS)

 European Standard
 BS vs. EURO
 BS III & IV
 EURO I & II
 Application
Reference
 Conclusion

Introduction:-
BS is claimed to be first mobile emission testing vehicle in the rail sector
enabling Indian Railway to frame emission standards for long diesel
/organization Director General V. Ramachandran
said this is the first step of Indian railway towards controlling emission on par
with international standards.
The aim of using the BS is to test exhaust emission level analyze engine
performance improve fuel efficiency and reduce environment pollution.
The BS will help measure Oxides of nitrogen, particular matters total
hydrocarbon methane, carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide in locomotives

Emission Standards:-
Emission Standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount
of pollutants that can be released in to the environment. Many emissions
standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles (motor
cars) and other powered vehicles but they can also regulate emissions from
industry, power plant, small equipment such as lawn mowers and diesel
generators.
Vehicle emission performance standard: An emission performance
standard is a limit that sets thresholds above which a different type of
emission control technology might be needed.

Emission Norms:-
 It was in 1991 that first time emission norms were introduced
in India for petrol cars, diesel cars followed in 1992.
 Emission norms means some rules (which has specified
quantity) decided by the govt for control of air pollution.
 Implementation of mandatory catalytic converters in 1995 for
the 4 Metro cities, thus reducing pollution further.
 From 2000,India introduced strict Emission standards modeled
on the European ones. This means the birth of Bharat Norms, with
the first set of norms known as Bharat stage II, followed by BS
III, and BS IV (BS I was the earlier, Indian standard)

Emission Control Technologies:-
 Electronic Fuel Injection Systems
• Multi point Fuel Injection system (MPFI)
• Air Assisted Fuel Injection System
• Gasoline Direct Injection System
• Common Rail Direct Injection System (CRDI)
 Catalytic Converters
 Nano Fuel Additives

Classification of Automotive Standard
1. Euro 1/BS 1 came in effect from 2000
2. Euro 2/BS II from 2001
3. BS III from April 2005
4. BS IV from April 2010
5. BS V from 2016
6. BS VI norms adopt in 2020.

Electronic Fuel Injection Systems
 Inherent parts an Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)
• Fuel Injection- The fuel injector sprays the appropriate
amount of fuel as directed by the vehicles on-board
computer (ECU)
• Fuel pump- The fuel pump sends the fuel from the gas
tank through the fuel lines and to the throttle body or fuel
rail for delivery to the combustion chamber via the fuel
injectors.
• Engine Control Unit (ECU)- determines the amount of fuel
needed according to the driving conditions .The engine
control unit, located within the engine compartment, follows

a program that gives the criteria for how much fuel is delivered in
various situations. Programming of ECU is basically called engine
tuning.
• Sensor- Sensor located within the vehicles fuelling system help
the engine control unit determine when certain functions need to
happen .Crank and Cam position sensor, Airflow Sensor and Exhaust
Gas Oxygen Sensor are important.

Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BS)
Bharat stage emission standards introduced in 2000 are emission
standards that have been set up by the central government. To
regulate the output of the air pollutants from Internal combustion
engine. The Bharat Stage norms are based on European
regulations. In 13 major cities Bharat Stage IV emission Standards
were put in the place in APRIL 2010.
Why is it important?
upgrading to stricter Fuel Standards helps tackle air pollution.
Global auto marks are betting big on India as vehicles penetration
is still low here, when compared to developed countries.

Norms CO (g/km)
carbon
monoxide
HC (Hydro
Carbon)+NOx
Nitrogen Oxide
(g/km)
RSPM
(respirable
suspended
particulate
matter)
Sulphur
content in
Diesel
BS I 2.72 0.97 0.14 NA
BS II 2.2 0.5 0.08 500 PPM
BS III 2.3 0.35 (combined) 0.050 100 PPM
BS IV 1.0 0.18 (combined) 0.025 50 PPM
For Passenger vehicles:

Emission Norms CO HC NOx HC+NOx PM
BS-III 0.64 -------- 0.50 0.56 0.05
BS-IV 0.50 -------- 0.25 0.30 0.025
Euro 6 0.50 -------- 0.06 0.17 0.005
Diesel Emission Norms (All Figures in g/km)

Emission Norms CO HC NOx HC+NOx PM
BS-III 2.30 0.20 0.15 ---------- ---------
BS-IV 1.00 0.10 0.08 ----------- ------------
Euro 6 1.00 0.10 0.06 --------- 0.005
Petrol Emission Norms (All Figures in g/km)

European Standard
European emission standards
define the acceptable limits
for exhausts emission of new
vehicle sold in EU and EEA
member states. The emission
standards are defined in a
series of European union
directives staging progressive
introduction of increasingly
stringent standards .

TIER DATE CO THC NHMC NOX HC+NOX PM
Euro I July 1992 2.72
(3.16)
- - - 0.97
(1.13)
0.14
(0.18)
Euro
II
January
1996
1.0 - - - 0.7 0.08
European Emission Standards for passenger Car
a. Diesel

TIER DATE CO THC NHMC NOX HC+NOX PM
Euro I July 1992 2.72
(3.16)
- - - 0.97
(1.13)
-
Euro
II
January
1996
2.2 - - - 0.5 -
b. Petrol

BS & EURO
 BS stage are of same standards as euro stages in terms of causing
pollution
 i.e. a EURO IV car makes same pollution as that BS IV
 Differences are in terms of testing conditions
• Atmospheric temperature
• Sub zero temp in Europe and avg24-28 degree Celsius in India
• Car speed during testing
• Max 120 km/h in Europe and max 90 km/h in India
•Road Conditions

BS III & IV
1. BS III is compulsory all India, while BS IV is compulsory for all metro
Cities.
2. Most petrol powered passenger cars in India have already
converted to BS IV years ago.
3. BS is basically the emission standards given by Government of
India to regulate the air pollutants coming from internal
combustion engine.
4. BS IV vehicles is costly than BS III.
5. BS means Bharat stage. BS III and BS IV are environmental
standards for vehicles emissions.

6. Bharat stage III norms have been enforced across the country since
October 2010. From April 2010 Bharat stage IV emission norms are in
place 13 major cities in India.
7. BS IV has turbocharger with intercooler. Also it has common rail injection
systems controlled by electronic control unit.
BS III has rotary type injection system. Intercooler is optional.
8. BS IV engine is very good and less polluting compare to BS III.

EURO I & II
The Euro norms require manufactures to reduce the existing polluting
emission levels in a more efficient manner by making certain technical
changes in their vehicles.
• WHAT ARE THE EURO I AND EURO II NORMS?

Application:-
•Heavy penalties for vehicles not obeying the Emission Norms.
•Fuel Categorization to control Degradation of the Air Quality.
•Advance modules to the Giants in the Automobile Sector.
•Skipping BS V a good move.
•Introduction of Electric Concept Cars.

Reference:-
 BS Norms, by Ganeshan, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers.
 Engine fundamentals by John B. Haywood, McGraw Hill Publishers.
 Fundamentals of Engine Emission by H.N. Gupta, Prentice Hall of India.
 Norms of Combustion Engines, By Mathur & Sharma, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
www.wekipedia.com
www.irfca.com
www.sciencedirect.com
www.youtube.com
www.google.com

The aim of using the RDSO is to test exhaust emission levels analyze engine
performance improve fuel efficiency and reduce environment pollution. The
machine will also be used to set emission standards on a par with European and
B S Standards and with the U S norms. Its will help to measure oxides of
nitrogen, particular matters total hydrocarbon methane, carbon mono oxide and
carbon oxides in locomotives. It will also measure the performance of the
engine improve the fuel efficiency and reduce environmental problems.
Conclusion

Query?

Thank you

BS and EU emission standards report

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