ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
what is CNG fuel and what are it's advantages, disadvantages, effects, solutions and how it is prepared?.how CNG is better than LNG and HCNG? How gases are more efficient and better than those petrols and diesels what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
what is CNG fuel and what are it's advantages, disadvantages, effects, solutions and how it is prepared?.how CNG is better than LNG and HCNG? How gases are more efficient and better than those petrols and diesels what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
This is a presentation on the emission norms present in India i.e Bharat Stage and in Europe i.e Euro. it also has a comparison between the two as well as a timeline of the two.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective method for NOx control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. and the mixture has higher specific heat compared to atmospheric air. Re-circulated exhaust gas displaces fresh air entering the combustion chamber with carbon dioxide and water vapor present in engine exhaust. As a consequence of this air displacement, lower amount of oxygen in the intake mixture is available for combustion. Reduced oxygen available for combustion lowers the effective air–fuel ratio. This effective reduction in air–fuel ratio affects exhaust emissions
This is a presentation on the emission norms present in India i.e Bharat Stage and in Europe i.e Euro. it also has a comparison between the two as well as a timeline of the two.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective method for NOx control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. and the mixture has higher specific heat compared to atmospheric air. Re-circulated exhaust gas displaces fresh air entering the combustion chamber with carbon dioxide and water vapor present in engine exhaust. As a consequence of this air displacement, lower amount of oxygen in the intake mixture is available for combustion. Reduced oxygen available for combustion lowers the effective air–fuel ratio. This effective reduction in air–fuel ratio affects exhaust emissions
International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering & Applications (IJAMEA)arpublication
The International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering & Applications (IJAMEA) is an international peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes top-level work from all areas of mechanical engineering. It aims to provide an international forum for researchers, professionals, and industrial practitioners on all topics related to mechanical engineering area. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
To turn ideas into action.
Embrace the premise of anticipating and managing change, and of proactively committing time, energy and resources to riding the wave of forward momentum, rather than being drowned beneath it.
This paper presents an algorithm for shape optimization of composite pressure
vessels head. The shape factor which is defined as the ratio of internal volume to weight of
the vessel is used as an objective function. Design constrains consist of the geometrical
limitations, winding conditions, and Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The geometry of dome shape
is defined by a B-spline rational curve. By altering the weights of control points, depth of
dome, and winding angle, the dome shape is changed. The proposed algorithm uses genetic
algorithm and finite element analysis to optimize the design parameters. The algorithm is
applied on a CNG pressure vessel and the results show that the proposed algorithm can
efficiently define the optimal dome shape. This algorithm is general and can be used for
general shape optimization
Développement d'une offre de matériel de transport plus propre scaniaInterconsulaire 909
Dans le cadre du colloque de l'ORT le 18 juin 2015 à la CCI, labellisé TRIA, découvrez les innovations de Scania (qui détient une usine d'assemblage à Angers) pour rouler plus propre, par le gaz, les biocarburants voire l'électrique.
Matériel Euro VI conforme à la réglementation européenne en vigueur pour diminuer les émissions CO2, COV...
COMPARATIVE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CNG AND OCTANE IN RETROFITTED CAR ENGINESIAEME Publication
Comparative emission analysis of octane and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine refers to exhaust emission (carbon monooxide, carbon di-oxide, Nitrogen Oxide) analysis and exhaust temperature on car engines which are operated with either gasoline or CNG using a solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The analysis was successfully carried out with the help of an exhaust gas analyzer (IMR 4000). Octane was used as the conventional fuels, whereas CNG was the alternative fuel. Comparative analysis of the experimental result showed the retrofitted engine produced higher exhaust gas temperature andNOx emission over different engines of different mileage when were used with CNG.
Other emission contents were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.
Combined numerical experimental study of dual fuel diesel engine to discuss t...Shans Shakkeer
It is my m.tech seminar presentation,on the basis of a study carried out by Carmelina Abagnale a, Maria Cristina Cameretti a,Luigi De Simio b, Michele Gambino b, Sabatino Iannaccone b, Raffaele Tuccillo ( Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy b Istituto Motori, C.N.R., Napoli, Italy ) were presented in 68th Conference of the Italian Thermal Machines Engineering Association, ATI2013, and Published by Elsevier ltd. in 2013
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
FedEx Connecting the World in Responsible and Resourceful WaysCALSTART
Allison Bird, FedEx, gave this overview of the company's sustainability efforts at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Volume-1, Issue-1, July-2018 1 | P a g e Copyright@ IJERPPublication-2018 Liq...JJERP
Man has always been in pursuit of energy to meet his ever increasing demands. Nowadays due to increase in pollutions and global warming, there is a need for use of eco friendly fuels. In this project attempt has been made to use LPG as an alternative (secondary) fuel for two wheeler of four stroke engine. By using LPG, efficiency of engine can be increased and pollutions caused due to emissions can be reduced. Separate LPG fuel supply system (Gas Kit) has been installed through which LPG is supplied to carburetor directly. By this both Gasoline and LPG can be used in a single vehicle. According to our requirements we can change the supply of fuel to the engine. The changes required to install LPG to the vehicle are discussed below. When the vehicle is running at lower speed LPG is suitable and at higher speed Gasoline is suitable. So, this concept of using both Gasoline and LPG as fuel is suitable for cities where operation of vehicle is in lower speed due to the traffic. Hence by using this concept we save money in buying fuel and also reduce pollutions caused.
Keywords:Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG); LPG Fuel Supply System (Gas Kit); Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine; Performance, Emission Characteristics
CONVERSION OF PETROL BIKE INTO LPG AND EMISSION CHECK IAEME Publication
An attempt has been made in this project to use alternative fuel in four stroke engine to increase the efficiency. Our fore most aim in selecting this project is to use non conventional fuel against conventional fuel which is becoming scarce and costly now days. With this air is less polluted than conventional fuels.
Learn about the basics of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) as transportation fuels. A presentation will be made from station installers and users of LNG. Lastly, hear about current incentives for fleets when purchasing CNG or LNG vehicles.
Abstract: Gaseous fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely used in commercial vehicles. This project evaluated an experimental investigation on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for four-stroke spark ignition engine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the performance and the exhaust emissions of the engine using different fuels. The engine used in the study was originally a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine and minor modifications were carried out to permit the experiments to run on LPG fuel. During the running, the engine was coupled to a ropeway dynamometer to measure several engine performance parameters and a 5-gas analyzer with non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) was inserted into the engine exhaust tailpipe for measuring the exhaust emissions. Experimental investigations have been carried out to performance and emissions of single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine at full throttling position of engine and different load conditions is used to different fuels (Gasoline and LPG) at various compression ratios (4.67:1,5.49:1).The engine performance studies were conducted with engine setup. Parameters like brake power, brake fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated. The test result indicated that LPG fuel have closer performance to Gasoline fuel. However, the brake specific energy consumption shows an improvement with LPG as a fuel replacement. The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and unburnt HC recorded are found to be lower than the gasoline fueled engine.
Studies of performance and emission characteristics of compressed natural gas...IOSR Journals
In Bangladesh, petrol, diesel and octane are conventionally used as an engine fuel. Petrol and
octane are used only transport sector. Diesel is used in transport, agriculture and power generation among
them 45% of diesel is consumed in transport sector. Total demand of liquid fuel is rising day by day. The
country has no natural sources of liquid fuels. As a result a huge amount of money spent for importing fuel from
abroad. This expenditure will be massive amount within a few years. The gas could be compressed natural gas
(CNG) or bio methane. The advantage is that this reduces fuel costs and when local bio methane is used, it also
contributes to the use of a more sustainable fuel supply.
CNG system suppliers are currently developing dual-fuel technology and have already converted
trucks, using government grants. Furthermore, various exploratory studies into the dual-fuel principle are being
conducted under contract to various municipalities in the context of sustainable transportation (fermentation of
city waste to produce bio methane for use as engine fuel). According to World Health Organization (WHO), the
safe limit of dust particles in the atmosphere is 40 to 80 micrograms, whereas in Dhaka city, it is 1700 to 2200
micrograms. To minimize environmental pollution in Dhaka, CNG played a vital role now a day. To use CNG
on commercial basis, different programs are taken to use compressed natural gas (CNG). This program mainly
concentrated on road transport. These programs cannot spread throughout the country due to some difficulties.
But there is a huge potentiality in road, marine, railway and stationary engines to use CNG.
A Compressed-air engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates usefull work by expanding compressed air. A compressed-air vehicle is powered by an air engine, using compressed air, which is stored in a tank. Instead of mixing fuel with air and burning it in the engine to drive pistons with hot expanding gases,compressed air vehicles (CAV) use the expansion of compressed air to drive their pistons.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(MASTER OF ENGINEERING)
2014
SEMINAR
ON
CNG AS A ALTENATE FUEL
FOR I.C ENGINE
Presented By
PD SOLANKI (130450711010)
19/03/2014 1AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
2. ROAD MAP
INTRODUCTION
AVAILABILITY OF CNG
PROPERTIES
MODIFICATION REQUIRED IN ENGINES
PERFORMANCE & EMMISION CHARACTERRISTICS
REFERENCES
219/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
3. • Alternative fuels are substances or other materials, that can be used as fuels instead of
Convection Fuels.
• There aren’t the conventional fuels.
• Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in
many countries.
• The research on alternative fuels for internal combustion engine has become essential due
to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollutants, where Natural
gas is one of the most promising fuel alternatives for the future .
19/03/2014
3
AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
INTRODUCTION
4. AVAILABILITY OF CNG
• The world's largest gas field is the offshore Gas-Condensate field, shared
between Iran and Qatar. It is estimated to have 51 trillion cubic meters of
natural gas and 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates.
• The areas which are high in natural gas availability in India are mostly the
Western offshore area.
• However, the other major production areas for natural gas are the on-shore
fields in Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat States.
• Natural gas in comparatively lesser amount is also produced in the states of
Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan States.
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 4
5. PROPERTIES
• CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly composed
of methane), to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard
atmospheric pressure.
• The composition of CNG can vary from place to place and from
manufacturer to manufacturer but its ideal composition is as shown:
519/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
6. Conti…
CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT
Methane 90% Maximum
Ethane Content 4% Maximum
Propane Content 1.7% Maximum
C4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum
C6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum
CO2 + N2 0.2% Maximum
Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum
Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum
Oxygen 0.5% Maximum
Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 6
14. CNG ENGINES DEVELOPMENT
• For petrol engines or spark ignition engines there are two options, a bi-fuel
conversion and use a dedicated to CNG engine.
• The bi-fuel conversion of vehicles fitted with fuel-injected engines may
utilize the original engine management system, if it can be modified to
control the gas flow and revised ignition timing or alternatively, be fitted
with a standard CNG control system.
• The fuel injectors must be disabled when the engine is running on gas,
although fuel must still flow to the injectors and then pass directly to the
return fuel line to provide cooling.
• With diesel engines converted or designed to run on natural gas, there are
two main options
1) Dual-fuel engines & 2) Dedicated natural gas engines.
• For compression ignition engines conversions to spark ignition, the pistons
must be modified to reduce the original compression ratio and a high-energy
ignition system must be fitted.
• CNG storage system has to be changed.
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 14
17. 19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 17
Figure shows in order to greatly reduce
exhaust emissions, a multi-port injection system
was chosen, and the injectors and pressure
regulator have been newly developed.
At the same time, precise air fuel (A/F) ratio
control and special catalysts for CNG exhaust
gas have been utilized.
19. DISADVANTAGES
The storage cylinder takes a lot of space as the gas
once filled has to travel at least of 400kms.
Loss of power & efficiency.
CNG gas stations are not widely spread in India.
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 19
20. CONCLUTION
CNG is attractive for this reasons.
It is the only fuel cheaper than gasoline or diesel.
It has inherently lower air pollution emissions.
It has lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Its use extends petroleum supplies, and there are large quantities
of the fuel available in the world.
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 20
Based on the reviewed paper for the performance and emissions of
compressed natural gas , it is concluded that the compressed natural gas
represents a good alternative fuel for SI engine and therefore must be
taken into consideration in the future for transport purpose.
24. REFERENCES
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 24
1. Text book “ Internal Combustion Engines” By- V.M Domkundwar,3rd edition,2009,
Dhantpat Rai Publication.
2. Rosli Abu Bakar, Mardani Ali Sera and Wong Hong Mun, “A Technical Review of
Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine”.
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1 (4) (2008) pp. 302-311.
3. Munde Gopal G., Dr. Dalu Rajendra S., “ Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative
Fuel for Spark Ignition Engine: A Review” International Journal of Engineering and
Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2012.
4. www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/altfuels/altfuels.htm
