Ethanol can be produced through two processes: hydration using ethene, steam, and a catalyst; or fermentation using yeast and renewable resources like sugar. Hydration produces ethanol through the chemical reaction of ethene and steam, while fermentation involves yeast converting sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Fermentation has the advantage of using renewable plant materials as the raw input, whereas hydration requires non-renewable crude oil.

1. Ethanol

2. Key words
Microbes
Hydration
Catalyst
Fermentation

3. Ethanol can be produced by two different processes:
Hydration and fermentation.
Ethanol can be produced by hydration of ethene with
steam in the presence of a catalyst.
ethene + steam ethanol
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

4. Ethanol can also be produced by fermentation with
yeast, using renewable resources.
This can be represented by:
sugar carbon dioxide + ethanol
C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH
Using ethane to make ethanol needs non-
renewable crude oil as its raw material, whereas
fermentation uses renewable plant material.

5. Advantage Disadvantage
Hydration
Fermentation