Cholera is a disease caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacteria. It is transmitted through contaminated food or water and causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. The number of cholera cases and deaths has declined significantly since the 1950s due to prevention efforts like access to clean water and treatment. Cholera disproportionately affects people living in poverty without access to education on prevention. Laboratory testing is required to confirm a diagnosis of cholera.