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Chartres Cathedral is located in Chartres, France and is considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its design and details remain fully intact, preserving its original appearance. The cathedral was rebuilt after a fire in 1194 and its striking design elements like pointed arches, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaults helped support its structure. Its ornate sculptures, stained glass windows, and other religious artwork were meant to offer a spiritual experience for visitors.
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Epcccccccc (2)
The document summarizes the history and structure of Chartres Cathedral in France. It describes how the previous church was largely destroyed by fire in 1194 and reconstruction began, with the choir being completed by 1221 and the whole building consecrated in 1260. It outlines the key structural aspects of the Gothic cathedral including the pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and layout of the aisles, apse, choir, nave and transept. It also discusses the ornamentation including sculptures and carvings, gargoyles, and the materials used including stone, wood and iron.
Epcccccccc (1)
The document discusses the history and architecture of Chartres Cathedral in France. It describes how the previous church was largely destroyed by fire in 1194 and its rebuilding over several decades. It then summarizes the key Gothic architectural elements of the cathedral like pointed arches, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaults that helped support the structure. Finally, it mentions some of the ornamentation like sculptures and stained glass windows, and materials used like stone, wood, and iron in the cathedral's construction.
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Epcccccccc (2)
The document summarizes the history and structure of Chartres Cathedral in France. It describes how the previous church was largely destroyed by fire in 1194 and reconstruction began, with the choir being completed by 1221 and the whole building consecrated in 1260. It outlines the key structural aspects of the Gothic cathedral including the pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and layout of the aisles, apse, choir, nave and transept. It also discusses the ornamentation including sculptures and carvings, gargoyles, and the materials used including stone, wood and iron.
Epcccccccc (1)
The document discusses the history and architecture of Chartres Cathedral in France. It describes how the previous church was largely destroyed by fire in 1194 and its rebuilding over several decades. It then summarizes the key Gothic architectural elements of the cathedral like pointed arches, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaults that helped support the structure. Finally, it mentions some of the ornamentation like sculptures and stained glass windows, and materials used like stone, wood, and iron in the cathedral's construction.
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The document provides details about Byzantine architecture and the iconic Hagia Sophia building in Istanbul. Some key points:
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Romanesque architecture developed in Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries, characterized by semi-circular arches. It originated as a modification of Roman architecture and spread across Europe. Key features included basilican church plans with transepts and towers, thick stone walls, arched openings, and barrel or groin vaults. Sculpture was used extensively on architectural elements like capitals, doorways, and windows. Regional variations emerged in features, materials, and ornamentation according to climate and culture.
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture originated in medieval Europe between 1000-1200 AD. It is characterized by semi-circular arches and thick stone walls with few openings. Churches during this period had massive piers, groin vaults, and large towers to support their weight. Examples include Monreale Cathedral in Sicily with its two projecting towers and elaborate interior, Pisa Cathedral known for its leaning tower and columns cut from single stones, and Durham Cathedral in England notable for its pointed ribbed vaults and tall central tower.
History of Gothic Architecture & style, art
Gothic architecture began in 12th century France and spread across Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries. Key characteristics include pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and ornate sculptures. Gothic cathedrals had skeletal stone structures that allowed for tall buildings with large windows. This style focused on light and height to symbolize heaven. Major Gothic cathedrals included Notre Dame in Paris, with its large rose windows, and Milan Cathedral, the largest Gothic cathedral in the world.
HISTORY: Byzantine Architecture 1.0
History of Architecture 1
Report by: Data
DLS -College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
1st Term S.Y. 2016-17
November 2016
Romanesque architecture & civilization
romanesque architecture, romanesque style, expansion, characteristics, typology, romanesque furniture, romanesque in europe, pilgrim route
Trabeated structures
Detailed study on trabeated structures through ages, working mechanism , case and literature studies and analysis.
--- Amity school of architecture and planning, 3rd year
Module 3- Romanesque Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
The document provides details about Romanesque architecture through a case study of the Pisa Cathedral complex in Italy. It summarizes that the complex includes the Cathedral, Baptistery, and Bell Tower built in the Romanesque style between 1093-1153. It describes the key characteristics of the buildings including the nave and aisle structure of the Cathedral, its marble facade and columns salvaged from a mosque, and Giovanni Pisano's famous pulpit sculpture. The complex marked Pisa's rise as a maritime power and demonstration of wealth and architectural skills in the Romanesque period.
Module 2- Byzantine Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
Byzantine Architecture:
Centralized church typology: Spatial planning, construction and other features
Greek cross and Latin cross
Knowledge of placing a dome over a regular polygonal plan with preventives
Example- Hagia Sophia, Constantinople.
EH202-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III
Gothic mins
The document summarizes the key characteristics and development of Gothic architecture between the 12th and 15th centuries in western Europe. Some of the key points covered include:
- Gothic architecture originated in northern France and spread across Europe, developing unique regional styles in countries like England, Germany, Spain, and Italy.
- Technological innovations like the pointed arch, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses allowed Gothic cathedrals to be much taller and open with large windows compared to earlier Romanesque styles.
- Gothic cathedrals featured airy interiors with stained glass, decorative gargoyles, and ornate designs that emphasized both functionality and beauty.
- Regional variations emerged in elements like facade
Roman architecture
Roman architecture developed from Etruscan and Greek influences and was characterized by the widespread use of the arch, vault and dome. The Romans adopted traditional building materials like stone, brick and concrete but also made innovations like waterproof concrete made with pozzolana. Notable Roman architectural achievements included massive public works like aqueducts, amphitheaters and thermal baths as well as architectural orders and structures for civic purposes. The Pantheon and Colosseum are among the most famous and well-preserved examples of Roman architecture.
Notredame
The document provides details about the history and architecture of Notre-Dame de Chartres Cathedral in France. Some key points:
- The cathedral has been rebuilt several times after fires destroyed earlier structures on the same site dating back to the 8th century.
- It features Gothic architecture like flying buttresses, rib vaults, stained glass windows, and sculptures on the porches depicting religious and royal figures.
- The cathedral served as an important pilgrimage site and was part of the intellectual renaissance in the 12th century, with scholars attracted to the school of Chartres.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Gothic architecture
General characteristics :
Focus on Verticality
Airy and Bright – Use of large stained glass windows, Rose window.
Ornamentation – Gargoyles, Pinnacle, Intricate carvings, 3 parts –Arcade, Triforium and Clerestorey.
Pointed Arches :
Pointed arches replaced semicircular arches as:-
Focus was on verticality, to create great height.
Strength and stability of pointed arches. Exert less thrust than semi circular arches of same span.
Pointed arches creates a lighter sensation.
Solves geometrical difficulties inherent in ribbed vaults. It is impossible to align the semicircular arches to a common point in rib vaulting. Pointed arches could be leveled easily.
Vaulting system: Rib Vault
Organic metaphor of ribs in a body , which support tissue.
In ribbed vault, not only are the ribs spanning vaulted area traversely but each vaulted bay has diagonal ribs.
In a ribbed vault, the ribs are structural members and the spaces between them are filled with lighter, non structural materials.
Flying Buttress was used in order to avoid outward collapse of arches.
Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or half-arch.
The arches are supported by colossal freestanding piers.
It absorbs and channels the disruptive forces, such as wind and weight, safely to the ground.
These piers were erected with towers without effecting the nave and choir interior.
Pinnacle is an architectural ornament originally forming the cap of a buttress.
The stained glass windows brought in light and visual beauty to the interiors.
Predominantly colors like red and blue was used to represent the religious stories in stained glass windows. Of this the blue symbolizes the heaven and the red represents the blood of Christ.
Rose window is a circular window which is divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.
A gargoyle is a waterspout, usually carved to resemble an odd or monstrous creature, that protrudes from a structure's wall or roofline.
French Gothic -Notre Dame Cathedral
English Gothic -Westminster Abbey, Hampton Court Palace
Italian Gothic -Doges Palace, Venice, Milan Cathedral
Module 4- Gothic Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
Architectural background
Characteristics of Gothic churches and Cathedrals
Example-Notre Dame, Paris
EH202-HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III
Romanesque Architecture
Romanesque architecture developed between 800-1100 AD and was characterized by thick walls, small windows, round arches, and barrel or groin vaulting. Churches during this period served to spread Christianity and featured a Latin cross plan with a nave, aisles, transept, and apse. Sculptural decoration appeared on church portals and capitals. The Pisa Cathedral complex, built between 1063-1118, exemplifies Romanesque architecture with its large nave and aisles, projecting transept and crossing dome, and famous leaning bell tower.
Byzantine architecture part B
The document provides details about two important architectural structures from the Byzantine period - Hagia Sophia and St. Mark's Basilica. Hagia Sophia, constructed in Istanbul between 532-537 AD, featured a central dome supported by piers and semi-domes at the front and rear. Its dome diameter of 107 feet was an impressive engineering feat at the time. St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, built between 1063-1089 AD, followed a Greek cross plan with a central dome and hemispherical domes over each arm, supported by pendentives and barrel vaults. Both structures made extensive use of colored marbles and mosaics to decorate their grand interiors illuminated by cl
Effective Public Communication (EPC) - Project 2
New St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Rome underwent major reconstruction in the 16th century to replace the old St Peter's Basilica. Led by architects like Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini over more than 100 years, the new basilica was built in Renaissance and Baroque styles. Its massive dome, four piers, and vaults work together to support the structure. The basilica's nave, transepts, and apse form a Latin cross floor plan and house numerous artistic works and tombs.
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Module 3- Romanesque Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
Module 3- Romanesque Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
Module 2- Byzantine Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
Module 2- Byzantine Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
Module 4- Gothic Architecture | KTU | Semester 4 | History of Architecture
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National mosque
The National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur was constructed in 1965 as a symbol of Malaysia's independence. The mosque can hold 15,000 people and features a distinctive 73-meter high minaret inspired by a retracted umbrella. It also has a mausoleum and landscaped gardens. The mosque's unique design combines modern architecture with Islamic elements, including a folded plate roof meant to evoke an open umbrella for Malaysia's tropical climate.
06. roofing
Flat roofs are commonly used building elements that provide shelter. They have a flat or slightly sloped surface to allow water to drain off. Flat roofs are typically used in dry, less humid areas because they are inexpensive and quick to assemble with little maintenance needed.
Roof construction involves reinforced concrete slabs, timber or steel trusses, beams and decking, or wood/steel joists and sheathing. Insulation, vapor barriers, and waterproof membranes are also incorporated. Reinforced concrete slabs can be cantilevered to form overhangs and parapets. Warm deck systems place insulation between the roof deck and waterproof covering for insulation and limited thermal movement.
04. superstructure
1. Concrete beams, columns, slabs, walls and staircases were constructed on site using formwork and reinforcement bars.
2. For beams and columns, formwork was erected, reinforcement bars were installed, and then concrete was poured and allowed to cure.
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01. introduction 02. site (hvn fns)
The document provides information on site safety for a construction project, including requirements for protective systems in excavations like shoring, sheeting, sloping and benching. It discusses potential cave-in hazards and conditions to control like unstable soil, vibrations, loads near the edge, water accumulation and weather changes. Stair safety topics covered are uniform treads and risers, handrails, and lighting. Scaffold types described are slung scaffolds, truss-out scaffolds, suspended scaffolds, mobile tower scaffolds and birdcage scaffolds.
03. foundation
This document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include pad, combined, cantilever, strip, and balanced base foundations, which are placed directly below structures and transfer loads to soil. Deep foundations extend below unsuitable soil using piles, which can be displacement piles driven into the ground or bored piles excavated with a lining. Pile caps are concrete structures that connect groups of piles and provide stability and load distribution.
Final
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english report
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English presentation
The document compares two famous bak kut teh restaurants in Klang, Malaysia: Klang Lek Bak Kut Teh and Seng Huat Bak Kut Teh. Both restaurants have been operating for decades and are well-known for their bak kut teh. While they share the same core product, they differ in locations, ownership history, operations, and competitive strategies. The document analyzes their similarities and differences, as well as areas for potential improvement such as hygiene, customer experience, and expanding their offerings.
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The document provides recommendations to improve two bak kut teh restaurants - Klang Lek Bak Kut Teh and Restaurant Seng Huat Bah Kut Teh. For Klang Lek, it recommends improving restaurant hygiene, renovating the exterior with a fresh coat of paint, and introducing new dishes to expand their menu. For Restaurant Seng Huat, it suggests expanding the dining area to improve ventilation and space, treating employees with more respect, and extending their operating hours to include lunch service.
English presentation
The document compares two famous bak kut teh restaurants in Klang, Malaysia: Klang Lek Bak Kut Teh and Seng Huat Bak Kut Teh. Both restaurants have been operating for decades and are well-known for their bak kut teh. While they share the same core product, they differ in terms of location, history, operations, and competitive strategies. The document also provides recommendations to improve certain areas of the businesses like hygiene practices, menu variety, and customer experience.
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The document summarizes information about two bak kut teh restaurants in Klang, Malaysia: Klang Lek Bak Kut Teh and Seng Huat Bak Kut Teh. It provides background on the history and operations of each business, including when they were founded, current ownership, signature dishes, and competition strategies. It also describes bak kut teh in general and compares key details about the two restaurants like location, prices, and obstacles faced by new owners in this competitive market.
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Epc finalize
- 1. tan wing hoe tey thien hee effective public communication oral presentation religious building
- 3. chartres cathedral • also known as Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Chartres • located in chartres, france • finest examples of french gothic architecture • UNESO list of world heritage site • greatest masterpieces
- 4. chartres cathedral • greatest achievements in the history of architecture • original design and details • remains fully intact • perfect image of how it looked
- 5. history • fire that largely destroyed the previous church in 1194 • whole building consecrated in 1260 • Compelling expression of the strength
- 6. history • fire in 1134 • rebuilding began in 1145 • two flanking towers were combined • three portals were clearly separated • formed a unified whole • connected by a horizontal band or frieze of sculptures
- 7. structure and layout flying buttress pointed arches ribbed vault
- 8. structure and layout pointed arches • recognizable shape from the gothic period • relieved thrust • more emphasis on the vertical
- 9. flying buttresses • External characteristic • taking weight of the walls • Transferring force to ground structure and layout
- 10. ribbed vault structure and layout • support the weight of building • ribs delineated the vaults • sense of unity
- 12. aisle- run parallel to the main areas apse- circular of angular end of church choir- church east of the transept nave- central area of church transept- section crosses the nave structure and layout
- 13. ornamentation sculptures & carving • Leaves, flowers, conventional pattern and large statues. • Statues were saints or person.
- 14. ornamentation gargoyles • Convey water from roof away from the side of buil • Concept of evil • Scared evil spirits away from church
- 16. lime stone • hard enough to stand up • last a thousand years • strong in compression • bending and sheering materials
- 17. materials wood • framed in massive • complex structure of wood • Strong enough support
- 18. materials iron • form of iron reinforcement • iron stabilisers across the nave
- 19. materials • Spiritual, meditative and emotional • Plainly visible by the subjects • Walls become windows • Created the effect of interior lightness and space windows
- 20. influences of the gothic period • influenced by Roman and Medieval architecture • during 1150 – 1550 • revival in 19th century by the Victorians
- 21. political • influenced by the downfall of the Roman Empire and Renaissance religion • intended to make the churches looks like heaven architecture influence • influenced by Roman and Medieval design • elaborate carved wood and open tracery
- 22. the end