The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, noise, and soil pollution. It provides causes and effects for each type of pollution. For air pollution, key causes included burning of waste, vehicle emissions, agriculture, and industry. Effects are global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, and impacts on wildlife. Solutions proposed for different types of pollution focus on reducing waste and emissions, using cleaner energy sources, and properly disposing of hazardous materials.

1. Prepared by,
MATHEW DEVASIA
THAYYIL
POLLUTION

2. INTRODUCTION
Different Types of pollution are categorized based on the part of the
environment which they affect or result which the particular pollution causes.
Each of these types has its own distinctive causes and consequences.
There are several types of pollution, and while they may come from different
sources and have different consequences, understanding the basics about
pollution can help environmentally conscious individuals minimize their
contribution to these dangers.

3. The contamination of the air present in the atmosphere is known as “Air
pollution”.
AIR POLLUTION

4. Causes of air pollution
• Burning of discarded plastic, wood and rubber also release
carcinogenic gases into the atmosphere.
• Pollution emitting from vehicles
• Agricultural activities
• Exhaust from factories and industries
• Mining operations: Mining is a process wherein minerals below the
earth are extracted using large equipment’s. During the process
dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air
pollution.
• Indoor air pollution: Household cleaning products, painting
supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Have
you ever noticed that once you paint walls of your house, it creates
some sort of smell which makes it literally impossible for you to
breathe?
Effects of air pollution
• Global warming
• Depletion of Ozone layer
• Acid Rain
• Eutrophication: Eutrophication is a condition where high amount
of nitrogen present in some pollutants gets developed on sea’s
surface and turns itself into algae and adversely affect fish, plants
and animal species. The green coloured algae that is present on
lakes and ponds is due to presence of this chemical only.
• Effect on Wildlife: Just like humans, animals also face some
devastating affects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the
air can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their
habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water
and can also affect sea animals.

5. SOLUTIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION
• Use public mode of transportation: Encourage people to use more and more public modes of
transportation to reduce pollution. Also, try to make use of car pooling. If you and your colleagues come
from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money.
• Conserve energy: Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. Large amount of fossil fuels are
burnt to produce electricity. You can save the environment from degradation by reducing the amount of
fossil fuels to be burned.
• Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: Do not throw away items that are of no use to
you. In-fact reuse them for some other purpose. For e.g. you can use old jars to store cereals or pulses.
• Emphasis on clean energy resources: Clean energy technologies like solar, wind and geothermal are on
high these days. Governments of various countries have been providing grants to consumers who are
interested in installing solar panels for their home. This will go a long way to curb air pollution.
• Use energy efficient devices: CFL lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live
longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming
less energy.

6. As the name suggests, “Water Pollution” is the type of pollution that involves the
contamination of various water bodies, whether from chemical, particulate, or
bacterial matter that degrades the water's quality and purity. Water pollution can
occur in oceans, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as different water
sources flow together the pollution can spread.
WATER POLLUTION

7. The causes of water pollution
• Industrial waste gets dumped into these water bodies. This causes a
chemical imbalance in the water leading to death of the aquatic beings.
• Insecticides, pesticides and ripening chemicals that are used on plants
run into the ground water system or nearby streams.
• Washing clothes near lakes and rivers cause’s detergents also causes a
condition called “Eutrophication” which blocks sunlight from entering
inside and reduces oxygen values in the water causing an inhabitable
environment.
• Certain natural disasters like flash floods and hurricanes cause the
intermixing of water with harmful substances on the land.
• ‘Oil Spills’ are caused when giant oil tankers and oil rigs which are
present in the oceans are damaged by either natural or human errors
cause a long-time damage to the ocean as oil is lighter than water and
floats on water forming a layer blocking sunlight.
Effects of Water Pollution
• Oil spills in the water causes animal to die when they ingest it or
encounter it. Oil does not dissolve in water so it causes suffocation
in fish and birds.
• Industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides that end up in
aquatic environments can accumulate in fish that are later eaten by
humans. Fish are easily poisoned with metals that are also later
consumed by humans. Mercury is particularly poisonous to small
children and women. Mercury has been found to interfere with the
development of the nervous system in foetuses and young children.
• Swimming in and drinking contaminated water causes skin rashes
and health problems like cancer, reproductive problems, typhoid
fever and stomach sickness in humans. Which is why it’s very
important to make sure that your water is clean and safe to drink.
• Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid
waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers.
• Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid
waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers.
• Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid
waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers.
• Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid
waste and soil erosion in streams and rivers.

8. SOLUTIONS FOR WATER POLLUTION
• Support organic farmers by purchasing organic food and other products, since these farms are
against using pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers.
• Properly dispose toxic products such as; paint, oil and other hazardous materials.
• Maintain vehicles to prevent oil leaks.
• Keep all boats and water crafts well maintained.
• Don't deposit any waste or litter in any water system.
• Recycle and dispose household waste properly.

9. Noise pollution refers to undesirable levels of noises caused by human activity that
disrupt the standard of living in the affected area. There are different qualities of
sounds. The sounds which are not pleasant to hear are called ‘Noises’. So an excess
of noise in the outdoors leads to “Noise Pollution”.
NOISE POLLUTION

10. Causes of noise pollution
• Too many vehicles honking at the roads
• Heavy machinery being operated in the
open
• The sound coming from Trains
• Over populated crowds
• The sound coming from planes
• The sound coming from industry
• Construction or demolition
Effects of noise pollution
• Stress-related illnesses
• High blood pressure
• Speech interference
• Hearing loss
• Noise pollution has more of a psychological
effect rather than a physical one.
• Noise pollution is known to cause mental
stress and depression.
• Underwater noise pollution coming from ships
has been shown to upset whales’ navigation
systems and kill other species that depend on
the natural underwater world.

11. SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
• Construction of soundproof rooms for noisy machines in industrial and manufacturing installations must be
encouraged. This is also important for residential building noisy machines should be installed far from sleeping and
living rooms, like in a basement or garage.
• noise and nuisance Use of horns with jarring sounds, motorbikes with damaged exhaust pipes, noisy trucks to be
banned.
• noise and nuisance Noise producing industries, airports, bus and transport terminals and railway stations to sighted far
from where living places.
• noise and nuisance Community law enforcers should check the misuse of loudspeakers, worshipers, outdoor parties
and discos, as well as public announcements systems.
• noise and nuisance Community laws must silence zones near schools / colleges, hospitals etc.
• noise and nuisance Vegetation (trees) along roads and in residential areas is a good way to reduce noise pollution as
they absorb sound.

12. SOIL POLLUTION

13. Causes of Soil Pollution
 Industrial Activity
 Agricultural Activities
 Waste Disposal
Every human produces a certain amount of
personal waste products by way or urine and
feces.
 Accidental Oil Spills
 Acid Rain
Effects of Soil Pollution
• Effect on Health of Humans
• Effect on Growth of Plants
• Decreased Soil Fertility
• Changes in Soil Structure
• Toxic Dust

14. SOLUTIONS FOR SOIL POLLUTION
• People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of littering. Discuss with friends and family and talk about it.
• left aligned image facts on water pollution Reuse any items that you can. Items like clothing, bottles, wrapping paper and shopping
bags can be used over and over again, rather than buying new things.
• The greatest prevention to land pollution is in the three ‘R's’ … Reduce Waste, Re-use things and Recycle things. This is true even for
governments. They can also use the three ‘R’ rule to minimize the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. After the three 'R's,
remember to turn the rest of the garbage into compost.
• facts on water pollution Personal litter should be disposed properly. We can separate household waste at home for recycling. More than
half of our household waste could be recycled or re-used but once it is mixed up, it becomes more difficult to separate different
components for recycling. This is also true for waste we make at school or hospitals.
• facts on water pollution Buy biodegradable products.
• facts on water pollution Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers.
• facts on water pollution Eat organic foods that are grown without pesticides. Look out for fertilizer or pesticide free products when you
go to the market.
• facts on water pollution Don’t use pesticides if you can.
• facts on water pollution Use a drip tray to collect engine oil.
• facts on water pollution Buy products that have little packaging.
• facts on water pollution Don’t dump motor oil on the ground.