Presented by IWMI's Nishadi Eriyagama at training event on the concept and application of maintaining Environmental Flows (EFlows) organized by IWMI in Kathmanu Nepal, on September 29, 2015.
2011ppt dev hydrologydecisionsupporttool_finalbcogcommission
Presentation by Allan Chapman on Development of a Hydrology Decision Support Tool on April 6, 2011 at the Unconventional Gas Technical Forum in Victoria, British Columbia
Presented by IWMI's Nishadi Eriyagama at training event on the concept and application of maintaining Environmental Flows (EFlows) organized by IWMI in Kathmanu Nepal, on September 29, 2015.
2011ppt dev hydrologydecisionsupporttool_finalbcogcommission
Presentation by Allan Chapman on Development of a Hydrology Decision Support Tool on April 6, 2011 at the Unconventional Gas Technical Forum in Victoria, British Columbia
Prediction of Flood Risk under the Impact of Climate Change on the Thermal Po...Tuu Nguyen
In Gangwon Province, the rainy season with an extremely high precipitation caused extreme flood event in the summer in 2006. A one dimensional (1D) hydraulic model was developed for mountainous river reaches located closely to the Yeongwol thermal power plant. Input data, including topographical data and river flow measured every 10 minutes from July 1st to September 30th, 2013 by Han River Flood Control Office (HRFCO), were imported to a 1D hydraulic model. The results were the simulated water levels, water discharges and average flow velocities at each cross-section. The simulated water levels in different years (including 2011, 2012 and 2014) were used to calibrate and validate the applied model. Climate change scenarios were estimated by referencing the climate change adaptation strategies of the Korean government and historical information about the extreme flood events.
CaBALondon 08 Di Hammond, Affinity WaterCaBASupport
Details of Affinity Water's partnership working with volunteers to monitor baseline and hydro-ecological response to abstraction and river restoration.
Presentation given during the USGS/IAEA/IW:LEARN groundwater learning exchange in the US April 14-26, 2007.
IAEA/GEF IW Learn/USGS Exchange April 16, 2007 Reston, VA
Kevin Dennehy
GROUND-WATER RESOURCES PROGRAM http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/
This study explains the use of remote sensing data for spatially distributed hydrological modeling using the MIKE-SHE software used in Tarim River Basin CHINA
Presented by Birhanu Zemadim (IWMI) and Emily Schmidt (IFPRI) at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
Adaptation of people to climate change in East Africa: Forest and tree-based ...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Aaron Russell explores two comparative analyses 1) of climate change on livelihood impacts; 2) of forest governance, resource use impacts on forest conditions - among other topics. It was held at CIFOR's partners' meeting in Nairobi in February 2015.
Prediction of Flood Risk under the Impact of Climate Change on the Thermal Po...Tuu Nguyen
In Gangwon Province, the rainy season with an extremely high precipitation caused extreme flood event in the summer in 2006. A one dimensional (1D) hydraulic model was developed for mountainous river reaches located closely to the Yeongwol thermal power plant. Input data, including topographical data and river flow measured every 10 minutes from July 1st to September 30th, 2013 by Han River Flood Control Office (HRFCO), were imported to a 1D hydraulic model. The results were the simulated water levels, water discharges and average flow velocities at each cross-section. The simulated water levels in different years (including 2011, 2012 and 2014) were used to calibrate and validate the applied model. Climate change scenarios were estimated by referencing the climate change adaptation strategies of the Korean government and historical information about the extreme flood events.
CaBALondon 08 Di Hammond, Affinity WaterCaBASupport
Details of Affinity Water's partnership working with volunteers to monitor baseline and hydro-ecological response to abstraction and river restoration.
Presentation given during the USGS/IAEA/IW:LEARN groundwater learning exchange in the US April 14-26, 2007.
IAEA/GEF IW Learn/USGS Exchange April 16, 2007 Reston, VA
Kevin Dennehy
GROUND-WATER RESOURCES PROGRAM http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/
This study explains the use of remote sensing data for spatially distributed hydrological modeling using the MIKE-SHE software used in Tarim River Basin CHINA
Presented by Birhanu Zemadim (IWMI) and Emily Schmidt (IFPRI) at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
Adaptation of people to climate change in East Africa: Forest and tree-based ...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Aaron Russell explores two comparative analyses 1) of climate change on livelihood impacts; 2) of forest governance, resource use impacts on forest conditions - among other topics. It was held at CIFOR's partners' meeting in Nairobi in February 2015.
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy. Closing remarks for the forum by Dr Kim Geheb, Mekong Basin Leader, CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food
Session 20 comparing the nexus along the mekong gangaCPWF Mekong
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy 2013. Presentation from Session 20: Is the Nexus Secure … and for Whom?: Unpacking Nexus Discourses on Food, Water, and Energy Security in South and Southeast Asia
Efforts to apply to rsat in mekong tributary sub basins under the mrc-ish pro...CPWF Mekong
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy. Presentation from Session 19: Advancing Sustainability in the Mekong Region: the role of Assessment Tools, Standards and Safeguards.
Liberating Structures 2 with blended f2f/online participation at #sfaddisEuforic Services
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Sustainability tools in hydropower development & operationsCPWF Mekong
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy. Presentation from Session 19: Advancing Sustainability in the Mekong Region: the role of Assessment Tools, Standards and Safeguards.
This presentation by Chea Vuthy was made at the session "Modernising investment legal frameworks: comparative approaches and successful practices" during the 2nd ASEAN-OECD Investment Policy Conference held on 10-11 December 2014.
Find out more at: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/2014-asean-oecd-investment-policy-conference.htm
A presentation we gave about our primary school project in the (recently ex) Khmer Rouge areas of Cambodia, founded in 2000.
It was given to the P&G Alumni's group in 2005, in London - and is still current, I think.
Payments for Environmental Services (PES) programs in CambodiaCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given on the “Regional workshop on Payment for Environmental Services” on November 20 2014 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The overall aim of the workshop was to enhance the understanding and capacity of policy makers, PES practioners, and researcher communities on the topic of payments for ecosystem services and ecosystem-based approaches and also to increase dialogue between them on latest lessons learned and recommendations for effective, efficient and equitable implementation of PES.
The Vietnam National Mekong Committee conducted a Mekong Dam Study, the results of which were presented at the Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy in Phnom Penh on Oct. 21, 2015. This presentation overviews their Modelling for the study.
Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, November 4, 2014.
The flows of India’s rivers are increasingly being modified by dams and weirs and abstractions for agriculture and urban use. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing total flow and affecting its variability and seasonality. An Environmental Flow (EF) is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits. Environmental Flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. This presentation looks at how the EF approach has been tested in India and describes a project to apply EF methodology to the upper Ganga.
EarthFx presentation on Assessing Cumulative Effects of SAGD Operations in the Mackay Watershed PowerPoint
To learn more visit us at http://www.earthfx.com/
Slide 33 video link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q95Zzt029E4
Slide 35 video link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6siBetQgBI
8. E&S Hydro Advisory Program: Advancing sustainability in the hydropower sectorEthical Sector
On 19/20 March, two biodiversity, business and human rights events were organised by MCRB in Yangon: a multistakeholder consultation on the draft Briefing Paper, and a training session conducted by a number of international experts on biodiversity and environmental impact assessment (EIA) for around 70 representatives from companies, particularly EIA consultancies.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/reinforcing-connections.html
Understanding Who is AT RISK - Flood extent modellingAlex Nwoko
Understanding Flood Risk Using Surface Flood Extent Modelling. This study used ArcMap and HECRAS to evaluate flood risk exposure of River Wansbeck in Morpeth, UK.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
Advancing sustainability in the mekong region role of assessment tools and st...CPWF Mekong
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy. Presentation from Session 19: Advancing Sustainability in the Mekong Region: the role of Assessment Tools, Standards and Safeguards.
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy. Presentation from Session 19: Advancing Sustainability in the Mekong Region: the role of Assessment Tools, Standards and Safeguards.
Success or failure perspectives from hydropower resettlementCPWF Mekong
3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy 2013. Presentation from Session 10: Private sector policies for contributing to environmental and social sustainability
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Exploring environmental flow regimes in the lower sesan in cambodia
1. Exploring environmental
flow regimes in the Lower
Sesan in Cambodia
MK3: Optimizing cascades or systems
of reservoirs in small catchments
Jeremy Carew-Reid, Tarek Ketelsen, Peter-John
Meynell, Timo A. Räsänen and Simon Tilleard
3. Environmental flows
Environmental flows: the provision of water for
freshwater dependent ecosystems to maintain
their integrity, productivity, services and
benefits
Broad
consultation and
negotiation
Multidisciplinary
technical studies to
define
environmental
water demands
Non-environmental
sector water
demands
5. Exploring environmental flow regimes
in the Lower Sesan in Cambodia
• We examined impacts of managing different
flow regimes from a cascade of dams in the
Upper Sesan upon the existing ecology and
ecosystem services of the Lower Sesan
• Explored the use of Flow Health software as a
tool to link hydrological and ecological impacts
• Explored the use of dynamic programming
tool CSUDP to assess hydropower generation
impacts
6. Flow Health software
• Breaks down the complex and variable flow regime into 9 indicators
of flow health that have been shown to be related to
geomorphology and ecological health
• Indicators are general and direct links between the hydrological
indicators and ecological impacts are not defined within the
program
• Monthly flows do not show daily impacts from peaking
7. Dynamic programming tool CSUDP
• CSUDP allows user specified definition of
system state equations and objective
functions, and includes efficient solution
procedures for a variety of problem types
• Used to quantify reduction in hydropower
generation
9. Geomorphological character of the
Sesan River
• Eight distinct geomorphological zones
Zone 4
Zone 5
Planned Sesan 1
• Zone 4: sand banks and
islands. 250-350m wide. Few
minor rapids in upstream
section
• Zone 5: No longer in natural
state. Flow retention by the
dams result in a shallow river
characterized by a succession
of wetlands and rapids, with
some rocky channels
11. Sub-indicator scor
0.8
Flow Health analysis - Modification of
flow regime by existing dams
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Construction Yali Falls dam
Yali Falls dam fully operational
Sub-indicator scores
Seasonality flow shift (SFS)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
•Lowest flow is shifting back from April to March
•Highest flow occuring earlier, shifting from September to
August
•Disrupting the behavior of aquatic organisms whose life cycle
has adapted to a particular seasonal flow pattern
12. Flow Health analysis - Modification of
flow regime by existing dams
Sealing of Yali Falls dam
Yali Falls dam fully operational
Sub-indicator scores
Persistently higher (PH)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Sub-indicator scores
Year
•Decrease inSeasonality flow shift (SFS)
period of time when flow is notably
higher than expected in the low flow period
•Smoothing out of the low flows by the removal of
natural high flow pulses because of regulation by the
dams
Year
•Change in channel morphology
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
14. Scenarios
• Hydrological and energy modelling to assess impacts
from 11 dam cascade for two scenarios
– Full regulation - In the ‘A. Full regulation’ scenario the
simulation allowed each project to use freely the full
storage capacity of reservoirs in order to maximize energy
production
– No regulation – In the ‘B. No regulation’ scenario the
reservoir levels of all projects were kept constant at full
supply level so that the natural flow regime was passed
through the dam unaltered. In scenario B.
simulations, each hydropower project was allowed to use
only 3 Mm3 of reservoir storage to improve the stability of
the simulation/optimization process.
15. Impacts on energy production
Full
No
regulation[GWh] regulation[GWh]
Upper Kontum
Plei Krong
Yali
Sesan 3
Sesan 3A
Sesan 4
Sesan 1
VIETNAM TOTAL
Prek Liang 2
Prek Liang 1
Lower Sesan 3
Lower Sesan 2
CAMBODIA TOTAL
TOTAL OF 11
Reduction[%]
998
470
3,721
1,184
439
1,425
638
8,875
238
313
1,626
2,196
4,373
820
473
3,202
1,011
374
1,304
512
7,695
166
211
1,323
2,086
3,786
17.9
-0.6
14.0
14.7
14.6
8.5
19.8
13.3
30.2
32.6
18.6
5.0
13.4
13,248
11,481
13.3
17. Flow Health analysis– Fully regulated
Reference period
Test period
Sub-indicator scores
6
5
Flood flow interval (FFI)
4
Seasonality flow shift (SFS)
3
Persistently very low (PVL)
2
Persistently higher (PH)
Low flow (LF)
1
High flow (HF)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
18. Flow Health analysis– Fully regulated
geomorphic implications
Sub-indicator scores
Flood flow interval (FFI)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Decreasing occurrence of 23 yr ARI flood
• 2yr ARI flood characterizes
geomorphology of the river
where not rock confined
• Contraction of the river
channel
• Increased sedimentation
• Sediment aggradation
reducing overall capacity of
the river
19. Flow Health analysis– Fully regulated
ecological implications
Sub-indicator scores
Persistently higher (PH)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Post-dams
Pre-dams
Increasing period when flow is
higher than normal for more
than two months in the low
flow period
•Change of regime for inchannel wetlands used to
dry/wet variation
• Wetland plants dependent on
exposure of roots during dry
season will be less productive
and some may die out
20. Flow Health analysis– No regulation
• Minor difference between the no-regulation
and natural scenarios because the noregulation simulation only allowed max. 3
Mm3 regulation capacity for each reservoir
• No impact on Flow Health Parameters
21. Impacts summary
The No regulation
scenario optimises flow
and ecosystem health
but causes a 13.3%
decrease in overall
energy production
compared to the full
regulation scenario
The Full regulation
scenario optimises the
production of energy
but will have significant
impacts on downstream
channel morphology
and inchannel wetlands
22. Reaching a comprise
The No regulation
scenario optimises flow
and ecosystem health
but causes a 13.3%
decrease in overall
energy production
compared to the full
regulation scenario
The Full regulation
scenario optimises the
production of energy
but will have significant
impacts on downstream
channel morphology
and inchannel wetlands
23. E flows challenges in the Sesan and the
basin
Environmental
flows
Consultation &
negotiation
Environmental
demands
Nonenvironmental
demands
1. Technical
challenges: Linking
hydrological
changes to complex
geomorphological
and ecological
impacts in the Basin
2. Institutional
context: Key to
good consultation
and negotiation
Editor's Notes
Many views so first defineDirty word – could be integrated flow managementConcept not just cover the flows but also the assessment to reach the flow agreementToday focussing on the technical studies but should also remember the need for consultation and negotationMany views on what e-flows are so want to start with a definition:t he provision of water for freshwater dependent ecosystems to maintain their integrity, productivity, services and benefits.But the concept does not just cover the flows themselves it also refers to the technical studies and consultative approach needed to define and implement them. A good environmental flows assessment that will have long term outcomes will engage all the water users and setup the institutional context for an informed trade-offwhich limits negative environmental and social impacts while maximizing the opportunity for further development.Discussing and setting E-flows regimes require the integration of a range of disciplines from across the social, political and natural sciences. Today will be introducing some of the more technical initial work required for e-flows, to provide an idea of the technical start needed but recognizing the need for broad consultation and further work before any decisions could possibly be made.Doesn’t need to be called E-FLOWs, can be a dirty word – can call it integrated flow management
People in the basin depend on environmentalresources so eflows are an important approach in the current context of increasing dams and other water demands. MRC Integrated Basin Flow Management program (2003-2007) – under the Mekong agreement the procedures to agreeing flows specifies minimum flows so focussed on minimum flows. As part of the new proposed council study the MRC will be seeking to apply the DRIFT model for environmental flows – i.e. so it has returned under a new nameTwo excellent examples like to highlight – supported by IUCNHuong River Basin, rapid eflows assessment (2003-2004) – supported by IUCN - outside the basin but a excellent example of holistic but rapid eflows assessmentNam Songkhram River Basin, 2006 – 2007 – supported by IUCN – slightly more complex intermediate eflows approachKey difficulty for all the assessments is linking hydro changes to ecological impacts. E-flows processes have substantial potential in the Mekong Basinto assist river basin managers as they grapple with competing demands, including the need for environmental sustainability.At present, however, the tool has only been used in academic or technical settings
Illustration of technical study needed to development environmental flows
Relies on hydrological analysis to calculate indicators of flow health. The indicators used in the program have been chosen to characterise attributes of the flow regime in terms of the main ecologically relevant flow components –they are necessarily general and direct links between the hydrological indicators and ecological impacts are not defined within the program. Linking of the flow indicators to particular risks to the downstream ecosystems must be interpreted by the user.
Study of the geomorphological character and habitats of the Sesan and their importance for fish identified the eight distinct geomorphological zones of the river For example below the planned Sesan 1:
The first large hydropower project to be built on the Sesan river was built at Yali Falls,begun in 1993 and sealed in 1996, fully operational in 2001. Since then a total of six other large hydropower projects have been constructed in the Upper Sesan in Vietnam. The total installed capacity of hydropower in Vietnam is 1,829 MWNo dams have yet been built on the Sesan in Cambodia, although Lower Sesan 2 has been approved and is waiting for construction. Plans for another 2 the mainstream on the Sesan, namely Sesan 1/5 which is located on the border and would be a joint project between Vietnam and Cambodia, Lower Sesan 3 which has a very large reservoir areas. If all the projects are built, the total installed capacity of hydropower in Cambodia would be 873 MWNote Sesan 1 at the border of Vietnam and Cambodia, at the bottom of the 8 dam cascade
Since construction of the Yali falls dam began there is a clear decrease in the seasonality flow shifts sub-indicator at all sites. Closer analysis of the time series shows that the month of lowest flow is shifting back from April to March and occasionally to February. The highest flow month is also tending to occur earlier, shifting from September to August. The change in seasonality is important because it can disrupt the natural timing of flow pulses and baseflows that stimulate the behavior of aquatic organisms whose life cycle has adapted to a particular seasonal flow pattern (Gippel et al, 2012).At all three sites the persistently higher sub-indicator has shown a marked decrease since the sealing of the Yali falls dam in 1996. This is particularly noticeable for the years 2000-2001 where the indicator dropped to almost zero at all sites. The sub-indicator reflects the period of time when the flow is persistently (i.e. for two or more consecutive months) notably higher than expected in the low flow period (i.e. exceeding the 75th percentile of the reference period). The sharp decrease in the sub-indicator since the sealing of the Yali falls dam indicates a smoothing out of the low flows by the removal of natural high flow pulses that are regulated by the dam.
Since construction of the Yali falls dam began there is a clear decrease in the seasonality flow shifts sub-indicator at all sites. Closer analysis of the time series shows that the month of lowest flow is shifting back from April to March and occasionally to February. The highest flow month is also tending to occur earlier, shifting from September to August. The change in seasonality is important because it can disrupt the natural timing of flow pulses and baseflows that stimulate the behavior of aquatic organisms whose life cycle has adapted to a particular seasonal flow pattern (Gippel et al, 2012).At all three sites the persistently higher sub-indicator has shown a marked decrease since the sealing of the Yali falls dam in 1996. This is particularly noticeable for the years 2000-2001 where the indicator dropped to almost zero at all sites. The sub-indicator reflects the period of time when the flow is persistently (i.e. for two or more consecutive months) notably higher than expected in the low flow period (i.e. exceeding the 75th percentile of the reference period). The sharp decrease in the sub-indicator since the sealing of the Yali falls dam indicates a smoothing out of the low flows by the removal of natural high flow pulses that are regulated by the dam.
Reduction in Vietnam of about 1000GWHReduction in Camodia of about 500GWHTotal 13% reduction in electricity production
Sesan 1 on the VN/Cam borderSimulated downstream discharges of Sesan 1 under scenarios A. Full regulation and B. No regulation Note that no regulation close to matches the natural flowFull regulation – reduced peak, delayed peak and high dry season flowsAverage over the 6 years modelled – put the full time series into the Flow Health software
Used flow health software to assess impact on the hydrological regime. Software provides indicator scores for impacts on hydrology.Put up quickly to show all indicators but focus on key changes
Flood frequency is decreasing due to regulation of water by the dams. The flood flow interval steadily decreases from the start of the test period indicating that major floods may not ever occur if the system is fully regulated. Reduced flood frequency may mean that flows that overtop the banks and inundate floodplain wetlands will occur less often which would severely impact on the floodplain ecosystem health. Contraction of the river channel may occur because not receiving high and scouring flowsIncreased sedimentation particularly at tributary confluencesSediment tends to aggrade raising the level of the river bed, reducing overall capacity of the river and therefore easier occurrence of floodplain flooding
There is a sharp decrease in the persistently higher sub-indicator under fully regulated conditions. This result indicates that there will be an increase in the period of time when the flow is persistently (i.e. for two or more consecutive months) notably higher than the expected range in the low flow period (i.e. exceeding the 75th percentile of flow in the low flow period). The increase in flow volume during the low flow period is likely to be due to the storage of water during the high flow period for release during the low flow periods. Increasing time when flow is higher than normal for more than two months in the low flow period Parts of the channel which are used to being exposed during last 2-3 months of dry season will no longer be exposed In-channel wetlands used to the variation will no longer be exposed Wetland plants typically depend on having their roots exposed during the dry season so will be less productive and some of the vegetation may die out