The document summarizes research conducted at the USEPA Experimental Stream Facility on nutrient management for water quality protection. Key points include:
1) The facility allows for testing the effects of nutrients on biological communities and temporal response dynamics to better understand impacts.
2) Recent research at the facility is validating stream bioassessment in the East Fork Little Miami River Watershed where over 50% of sites show non-attainment of water quality standards.
3) Nutrient levels, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, have been increasing in Harsha Lake and reservoirs in the watershed, leading to more frequent harmful algal blooms that pose risks to human and environmental health.
Karkheh Basin Focal Project: Synthesis of approach, findings and lessons. Poolad Karimi on behalf of the BFP1 team 2nd International Forum on Water & Food Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November 2008
Karkheh Basin Focal Project: Synthesis of approach, findings and lessons. Poolad Karimi on behalf of the BFP1 team 2nd International Forum on Water & Food Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November 2008
Impacts of management and modernization on water savings in large irrigation ...Innspub Net
This study was conducted to assess and optimize the conveyance performance of major irrigation systems in the case of the NIA-Magat River Integrated Irrigation System in the Philippines. Options Analysis in Irrigation System (OASIS) was used to evaluate and optimize the conveyance efficiency of the system. Management and modernization scenarios were undertaken in the irrigation system assuming that the rehabilitation projects exerted efforts on improving efficiencies and reduced losses in the conveyance and distribution systems. Based on the results, the actual condition of the irrigation system as the reference of improvement will have 1,365,759 million cubic meters diversion supply from MARIIS and Baligatan diversion dams. Having been improved from 76% of conveyance efficiency to 95% assumed result of the improvement measures, approximately 84,303 million cubic meters or 6% increase from the actual diversion requirement can be realized. With every 1% increase in conveyance efficiency, there will be approximately 33,831 cubic meters savings in irrigation diversion requirements. This could be achieved through canal repairs of damaged structures, the lining of earth canals, and modernization of control structures. The OASIS program has shown its ability to assess the effects of irrigation management and modernization in a large irrigation system that can serve as a science-based planning and decision-making support program. It may also be used to study the management and optimization of irrigation in other irrigation systems in the country and elsewhere in the world.
Wmao pfau watkins hab cyanitoxin gen plan_ 2017-11-02John Szymanski
At the recent Water Management Association of Ohio Conference, Hull & Associates Principal Scientist Ed Pfau and Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District Conservation Engineer John Watkins, P.E., C.F.M. co-presented a PowerPoint on "The Challenge of HABs in a Drinking Water Source Create Opportunity for Multi-Agency Cooperation." Please enjoy the presentation here!
Drinking Water Systems management perceptions, priorities, and expectations: ...AngelosAlamanos
Drinking Water Systems management perceptions, priorities, and expectations - using Multicriteria Analysis (AHP) to compare water consumption factors effect and water conservation measures perception to 2 sample groups: A Water Utility and its customers (i.e. decision-makers and stakeholders). Perceptions, priorities, and expectations are compared, while willingness to pay (WTP) is also explored for water services improvements.
Education, awareness, and healthy initiatives to increase action are required, so the concept of Water Stewardship is examined (international practices review). Finally, a novel way is suggested to assess Water Stewardship Standards.
Impacts of management and modernization on water savings in large irrigation ...Innspub Net
This study was conducted to assess and optimize the conveyance performance of major irrigation systems in the case of the NIA-Magat River Integrated Irrigation System in the Philippines. Options Analysis in Irrigation System (OASIS) was used to evaluate and optimize the conveyance efficiency of the system. Management and modernization scenarios were undertaken in the irrigation system assuming that the rehabilitation projects exerted efforts on improving efficiencies and reduced losses in the conveyance and distribution systems. Based on the results, the actual condition of the irrigation system as the reference of improvement will have 1,365,759 million cubic meters diversion supply from MARIIS and Baligatan diversion dams. Having been improved from 76% of conveyance efficiency to 95% assumed result of the improvement measures, approximately 84,303 million cubic meters or 6% increase from the actual diversion requirement can be realized. With every 1% increase in conveyance efficiency, there will be approximately 33,831 cubic meters savings in irrigation diversion requirements. This could be achieved through canal repairs of damaged structures, the lining of earth canals, and modernization of control structures. The OASIS program has shown its ability to assess the effects of irrigation management and modernization in a large irrigation system that can serve as a science-based planning and decision-making support program. It may also be used to study the management and optimization of irrigation in other irrigation systems in the country and elsewhere in the world.
Wmao pfau watkins hab cyanitoxin gen plan_ 2017-11-02John Szymanski
At the recent Water Management Association of Ohio Conference, Hull & Associates Principal Scientist Ed Pfau and Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District Conservation Engineer John Watkins, P.E., C.F.M. co-presented a PowerPoint on "The Challenge of HABs in a Drinking Water Source Create Opportunity for Multi-Agency Cooperation." Please enjoy the presentation here!
Drinking Water Systems management perceptions, priorities, and expectations: ...AngelosAlamanos
Drinking Water Systems management perceptions, priorities, and expectations - using Multicriteria Analysis (AHP) to compare water consumption factors effect and water conservation measures perception to 2 sample groups: A Water Utility and its customers (i.e. decision-makers and stakeholders). Perceptions, priorities, and expectations are compared, while willingness to pay (WTP) is also explored for water services improvements.
Education, awareness, and healthy initiatives to increase action are required, so the concept of Water Stewardship is examined (international practices review). Finally, a novel way is suggested to assess Water Stewardship Standards.
Dr. Marty Matlock - Lifecycle Assessment of Aquaculture and Aquaponics System...John Blue
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Thank you, Joshua Engelking, Charlene Viger and Deb Rizzi for all your efforts in putting together such a great Lynk and Learn presentation for our employees. We had a great turn out for the event and many positive comments afterwards. I think this was one of the biggest turnouts we've had for a Lynk and Learn.
Generation Lynk will look into ways to provide more information on the topics that interest our members.
Methodologies to Measure Nutrient Reduction and to Aggregate Results at the P...Iwl Pcu
Ramesh Kanwar
Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
and
Aaron Zazueta and Jitendra Srivastava
Global Environmental Facility and the World Bank
1818 H St. NW Washington D.C. 20433, USA
CONTENTS
A. Introduction – major sources of nonpoint source pollution
B. Key motivators for monitoring – Hypoxia/regulations/EU Nitrate Directive
C. Objectives of nutrient reduction programs
D. Key water quality or stress indicators for assessment nutrient reduction
E. Water quality laws or standards for nutrients for water bodies
F. What is current status of science on nutrient reduction? What do we know?
F. Developing methods for assessment – local, country, & global level
G. Analysis, interpretation, and reporting of data – use of models
H. Using Romania example to move from pilot level on to national level as country is willing to borrow 50 m euros to conduct national level assessment
H. Discussion
Presented at the Black Sea – Danube Regional Conference on Nutrient Pollution Control in Chisinau, Moldova – October 2006
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
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Dr. Chris Nietch - US EPA Experimental Stream Facility: Nutrient Management For Water Quality Protection Research
1. USEPA Experimental
Stream Facility: Nutrient
management for water
quality protection
research
1
*The data, expressed ideas and opinions herein are those
of the author and do not reflect the official positions or
policies of the USEPA.
2. The East Fork of the Little Miami River Watershed (EFLMR)
2
UEFW
LEFW
Harsha
Lake
Experimental
Stream Facility
4. Experimental Stream Facility Research Goals
Ø Combine stream biotic structure and function measurements without compromising
one for the other
Ø Quantify boundary conditions of experiments routinely for gauging relevancy and
realism to lend confidence in the application of results
Ø Couple single-species toxicity assays with community-level responses so that studies
serve as a better bridge between lab and field
Ø Conduct water quality standard/aquatic life criteria (“targets”) validation studies to
support our Program Offices, Regions, and State partners
Advantages
§ Test effects on biological communities – at multiple levels of organization
§ Test temporal response dynamics (repeated sampling of same mesocosm unit)
§ Tighter control of realistic hydraulics and hydrology. Perhaps the best in the world
§ Open flow through system that provides continuous source of new propagules
4
5. Non-point Rainfall/Runoff
NPDES Discharge Point
Final WW
Effluent
Receiving
Water
Simulate microhabitat of
downstream pool, riffle/run
segment
Stream Mesocosm Simulation Horizon
Ø Field dosing scenarios mimicked:
Continuous vs. episodic |
Point vs. Non-Point
5
7. Recent ESF tests are validating stream bioassessment in the EFLMR
7
Biological Attainment Map for the East Fork
Watershed from Ohio EPA 2012 Survey
52% of sites non ( ) or
partial ( ) attainment;
full attaining sites
mostly along mainstem
• Under the Clean Water Act the State needs to
implement a restoration plan for impaired streams
10. • 20 reservoirs
• All for flood control, but also recreation,
fish and wildlife, water quality, and 11
for drinking water supply
• Monitoring since 1988
10
Trends in Nearby Reservoirs: Data analysis of U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers monitoring program
1 C.J. Brown Lake
2 W.H. Harsha Lake
3 Caesar Creek Lake
4 Barren River Lake
5 Cagles Mill Lake
6 C.M. Harden Lake
7 Salamonie Lake
8 West Fork Lake
9 Taylorsville Lake
10 Green River Lake
11 J.E. Roush Lake
12 Rough River Lake
13 Nolin Lake
14 Monroe Lake
15 Patoka Lake
16 Brookville Lake
17 Mississinewa Lake
18 Carr Creek Lake
19 Cave Run Lake
20 Buckhorn Lake
Urban
Agricultural
Forested
11. 11
Maximum densities of cyanobacteria have been increasing in the 20 reservoirs
More reservoirs experiencing conditions with moderate to high risk
to human health
HL
• Greater cyanobacteria cell densities when
watersheds have less forest cover. Forested
systems in blue
Moderate Risk; 20K -100K Cells/ml
High Risk; >100K Cells/ml
• Harsha Lake >100,000 cells per
milliliter since 2008
smucker.nathan@epa.gov
12. Changing Conditions at Harsha Lake and Other Reservoirs –
Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen
12
Surface temperatures
Deep water temperatures
Deep water dissolved oxygen
18.2à20.7 C
+1.2 decade
24.2à26.1 C
+0.92 decade
6.1à4.1 mg/l
-0.95 decade
2.8à1.4 mg/l
-0.67 decade
Pre-2006 hypoxia
Post-2006 hypoxia
Mean of all reservoirs that stratify
• Surface waters are warming; cyanobacteria like it hot
• Duration of hypoxia is increasing
smucker.nathan@epa.gov
13. Nutrients in Harsha Lake and most significant predictors
13
Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in Harsha Lake
have been increasing over the last two decades
Results of General Additive Modeling – Stratified
Reservoirs
(Log
cyanobacteria
cell densities)
smucker.nathan@epa.gov
14. Seeking Solutions for HABs – EPA Research and Development
14
• 4 Research and Development Tracks:
– Early warning and assessment
– Drinking water treatment engineering
– Cyanotoxin eco and human toxicology
– Long-term nutrient management
Cyanobacteria Assessment Network (CyAN app)
WQ monitoring buoy near DWTP intake on
Harsha Lake
5
10
15
20
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
2015
PhycoRAWDailyMean
Daily Mean Cyanobacteria Indicator Values
epa.gov/water-research/CyANapp
https://www.exowater.com
15. Trading Feasibility Workflow and UEFW
Monitoring/Modeling Product
• Final product delivered:
• Nietch et al. Informing market-based policy decision
making: Developing a trading feasibility work flow for
watershed nutrient management. Submitted November,
2019.
15
• Heberling et al. 2018. Exploring nontraditional participation as
an approach to make water quality trading markets more
effective. JAWRA, 54(3):586-593.
16. Set Strategic Monitoring Sites
Critical Components
1. At least one large scale WQ2 ‘super’ gauge.
2. Multiple small-scale sites strategically located
to characterize unique land use/soil type
combinations
3. Point Sources and proximal downstream
conditions
4. HUC12-scale sites used to determine nutrient
reduction requirements and track progress at
intermediate spatial scales.
Secondary Considerations
1. In-stream attenuation sites
2. Edge-of-field evaluation site
3. BMP performance measurement sites
4. Critical Areas (e.g. beaches and DWTP intakes)
16
Upper East Fork Watershed
Monitoring Sites
Equals a 12 site minimum for 800 km2 system with 12 HUC12s; or ~ 1 per HUC 12 in the UEFW
17. The East Fork Watershed Cooperative – Established
stakeholder workgroup since 2009
17
Local Farmers
Federal Partners
State Partners
Local Partners
EFWCoop meets with Senator Rob Portman
8/21/2014
18. Setting Defensible Targets
18
TP ppb
(Ref = 55)
(Target=60)
TN ppb
(Ref= 433)
(Target=700)
Nutrient Targets set for the Water Quality Trading
Research – obtained from weekly monitoring
TP ppb
Targets =
75, 150, 300
TN ppb
Targets =
525, 850
Results from diatom metabarcoding. Possible targets based on all
responses from TITAN, Boosted Regression, and Gradient Forest
statistical methods
19. 19
Watershed Modeling – One model approach –
calibrated and evaluated at multiple spatial
scales
• Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) –
Semi-distributed, physically based, capable
of simulating a diversity of crop types and
management options and operations
• SWAT- Calibration and Uncertainty
Program (CUP) for uncertainty analysis
• Use model parametric uncertainty to
obtain distributions for agBMP reduction
efficiencies
Baseline
w/agBMP
P Runoff Map for
Priority HUC12
• Used to set nutrient reduction
requirements
• Must have high spatial
resolution for agBMP placement
and to study trading scenarios
• Simulates watershed-scale BMP
effectiveness scenarios for cost
comparisons and progress tracking
21. Waste Water Plant Upgrades vs. Agricultural Best Management
Practices (agBMPs) Costs
21
• agBMPs scenarios modeled:
– Residue Management, Cover Crops, Filter Strips,
Wetlands, Grassed Waterways, Reduced Fertilizer
Application and Septic Repair
– Septic Repair >> WWTP upgrade >> agBMPs
Unit Cost of Nutrient Removal
22. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) Upgrades vs. Cover Crop Costs
22
• To reduce 1% of phosphorus source from
WWTPs:
• $5.4 million to upgrade plants or $425K
for cover crops over only 7900 acres
• Or, for the same cost to upgrade WWTPs,
cover crops could be used on all of the row
crop fields (104,000 acres) if median
removal efficiency is realized
• However, if we account for uncertainty in
cover crop effectiveness, then the TP
problem cannot be fixed with cover crops
alone
23. Watershed Action Planning
23
• $3.5 – $8.0Mil annually to fix TP assuming 5th centile removal
efficiency, or $250K – $600K per HUC12
• Would account for 46% to 100% of the TN problem pending
efficiency
For context
• The DWTP spends ca. $650K yr-1 for granular activated carbon
to keep drinking water safe
• agBMP cost would be 20% of annual row crop revenue, which
is $30 million
• Outdoor recreation adds $2 million to local economy
• Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs) have obligated
$2.75 million in EQIP funds for nutrient reduction projects
• Including 17,000 acres in cover crops – growing from ~ 100
acres over the last 10 yrs
• State is spending ca. $85 million on the Maumee River
Watershed, or ~ $250K per HUC12
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
TP
Cover Crops
Filter Strips
Wetlands
Grassed Waterways
43K
acres
2600
acres
5thCentile TP
1000
acres
24. 24
Constructed Wetlands for Nutrient Management – Options and
Implementation
How much water has to move through the 1040
acres of wetlands at watershed scale? = 150 MGD!
Wetland
(3.7
acres)
• Subbasin 72 is 1172 acres
with 366 acres of row crop
• 31% of flow passes through
3.66 acres of wetland
• 0.54 MGD!
Wetland Modeling in SWAT,
contextual example
For context, the WWTP
in Williamsburg, OH
treats 0.1 MGD.
• Getting 1000 acres of wetlands on the ground AND moving the
required amount of water through them is going to be very tricky
Consider:
- Headwater Wetlands
- Passive floodplain Wetlands
- Pump and treat Wetlands
25. 25
• Built in 2014
• Before/After
monitoring
• 100% runoff
through detention
basin
• 26% through
vegetated bed (i.e.,
wetland)
LEARN LESSONS FROM AWARD-WINNING CORNWELL HEADWATER NUTRIENT
REMOVAL PROJECT
%TSS Load
Removed
%TN Load
Removed
%TKN
Load
Removed
%NO3
Load
Removed
%NH4
Load
Removed
%TP Load
Removed
%DRP
Load
Removed
51.7 30.8 28.8 34.5 2.6 30.1 32.7
Observed system
removal over 3 yrs
Watershed Loading
%TN
Removed
%TP
Removed
0.060 0.22
Project Cost $26K
26. Passive floodplain and/or pump and treat options
Example: Great Miami River “Bankfull Wetland”/Restored
Floodplain Upstream of Troy, OH
Peak Shaving & Flood Control Benefits
Sustainable Streams In partnership with USFW & Miami County
Park District, Winter 2019
RiverFlow2D – 4 min; 5990 cfs
River crests, Basin
still filling, shaving
peak discharge
26
Banklick Creek Regional Wetlands Project
Construction of 6 ac of wetland to help improve WQ
Pump station (0.5 to 8.9cfs) constructed to direct a portion
of the polluted creek water into the wetlands. Water
released back into the creek downstream.
Project Cost $2.5 million
Project Cost $60K to $80K
27. Use abandoned drinking water reservoir site to maximize nutrient
removal at minimal cost
• 7 acres (2.75 ha) with average depth of 2ft = 13.6 acre feet or ~16,800 m3
• Median discharge over all years when above 4.1 ft is 2880 cfs, min 1520, max
13000, avg 3770.
27
Year
Events above
4.1ft
Days at 3770
cfs
TN (kg) TNO2-3(kg) TNH4(kg) TUREA (kg) TP (kg) TRP (kg) TOC (kg) % Diverted
Wetland
Residence
Time (d)
2013 19 36 1,601 600 108 104 424 186 5,988 0.1 1.821
2014 11 25 1,112 417 75 72 295 129 4,158 0.2 0.911
2015 14 37 1,645 617 111 107 436 191 6,154 0.5 0.364
2016 14 26 1,156 433 78 75 306 134 4,325 1 0.182
2017 21 34 1,512 567 102 99 401 176 5,655 3 0.061
2018 26 52 2,312 867 156 151 613 269 8,649 5 0.036
2019 27 53 2,357 883 159 154 625 274 8,816 10 0.018
1,671 626 113 109 443 194 6,249
0.16 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16% removed of Total Annual Load
Ave
NA NA 365 10,745 7,237 351 285 1,939 1,406 35,392 1.110
1.03 1.58 0.56 0.48 0.75 1.13 0.93% removed of Total Annual Load
Estimated removal based on percentage of flow diverted and assuming 100% efficiency
Estimated removal based pump and treat at 4mgd and assuming 100% efficiency,
Projected Costs: $140K excavation; $30K pumping 1st yr; $8K pump O&M annual