The document discusses the global and Indian water crisis. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to safe water and that water scarcity will affect 2/3 of the world's population by 2025. In India, water availability is very low compared to global averages and many areas already experience severe water stress. The major challenges facing India are rapid population growth, overexploitation of groundwater, pollution of existing supplies, and poor management. Potential solutions discussed include conservation efforts, water recycling, desalination plants, water footprinting, and rainwater harvesting.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
Problem - Water
Akshitha
IBS HYD

2. The next
WORLD WAR
will be over
WATER

3. Is There Really A Water Crisis?
Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water
2 out of 3 people will be living with water shortages by 2025
Half of the world's wetlands have been lost since 1900.
The basis for most projections for future conflicts is that with the
growth of demand, the decline in freshwater availability , and the
adverse health effects from poor water quality, scarcity will result
in violence and water wars.
YES

4. ? Why…
[Situation]

5. The global situation

6. The global situation
• Less than 3% of the world’s water is
fresh – the rest is seawater and
undrinkable.
• Of this 3% over 2.5% is frozen, locked
up in Antarctica, the Arctic and glaciers,
and not available to man.
• Thus humanity must rely on this 0.5%
for all of man’s and ecosystem’s fresh
water needs.

7. The Indian situation
PM's Independence Day Speech, 2009
Dr Manmohan Singh, said:
“Climate change is threatening our ecosystems; water scarcity
is becoming a way of life and pollution is a growing threat to
our health and habitat.”

8. The Indian situation
India has 16 % of the world’s population and 4% of its fresh water
resources.
Water availability(Rank):
Weighted average: 14.0 thousand cubic
metres
# 1 Iceland: 294.34 thousand cubic
metres
# 47 USA: 7.09 thousand cms
# 68 UK: 3.1 thousand cms
# 89 China: 1.72 thousand cms
# 93 India: 1.56 thousand
cubic metres
# 141 Botswana: -7.46 thousand cubic
metres
Severe water stress:
Weighted average: 25.5 %
#1 Israel: 100 %
# 23 India: 80.2 %
# 36 China: 44.7 %
# 42 United States: 31.3 %
# 51 United Kingdom: 21 %

9. The Indian situation
• Groundwater [Depleted]
• Surface water [Polluted]
• Rainfall [Wasted]
• Population [ ]
• Demand [ ]
• Consumption [ ]
SCARCITY
• Agriculture [ ]
• Health &
Environment[ ]
• Future [ ? ]
• Industrial Growth [ ]
• Economy-Industry [ ]
• Water Business[ ]

10. The Indian situation
• Groundwater is the major
source of water in our country
with 85% of the population
dependent.
• Groundwater water table
decline - 33 centimeters per
year.

11. The Indian situation
• Fresh water (rain and snow)availability - 4,000 BCM
Most of which returns to the seas via rivers.
• Surface and ground water availability - 1,869 BCM.
Of this, 40 % is not available.
Groundwater Consumption:
• 92% - Agricultural
• 5% - Industrial
• 3% - Domestic.
Surface water Consumption:
• 89% - Agricultural
• 2% - Industrial
• 9% - Domestic.

12. The Indian situation

13. The Indian situation
Fewer than 10 countries possess 60% of the world’s available
fresh water supply:
• Brazil
• Russia
• China
• Canada,
• Indonesia
• U.S
• India
• Columbia
• Democratic Republic
of Congo.

14. The Indian situation
India receives abundant rains compared to other water scared
countries but…
This map shows how
much water the Indian
infrastructure fails to
store!

15. The Indian situation
The Indian Government
• Indian government is too focused on economic growth, instead of
facilitating in basic human needs.
• Poor water Management system.
• Biofuel threatens India water supply.
• Package Water Industries are encouraged.

16. ? How…
[Problem]

17. Challenges

18. Challenges
Industries
Over exploitation
Groundwater depletion
Pollution
Land Degraded
Groundwater & Surface water polluted
Agriculture Spoiled
Health Issues

19. Challenges
Government
• Inefficient Government – State construction
• Lack of integrated water management
• Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to
water
• Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment
• Insufficient local technological research on water

20. Challenges
Public
• Wasting Water
• Polluting Water

21. Challenges
• Climate change.
• 2020 India will become a water stressed nation.
• 66 million Indians in 20 states are at risk due to excess fluoride
• 10 million due to excess arsenic in groundwater
• Out of these 6.3 lakh rural schools only 44 % have water supply
facilities
• Half of all Indian children are undernourished and half of all
adult women suffer from anaemia.

22. Challenges
• 37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases
annually
• 1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone
• 180 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease
each year
• Economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year.
• 1,95,813 habitations in the country are affected by poor water
quality.

23. Challenges
• India’s rivers carry 90% of the water during the period from
June to November, but only 10% is available during the other six
months.
• Biofuel threatens India’s water supply.
• 161 of out of approximately 600 districts in India have
been declared drought.
• At least 45% of India's land area is degraded.
• 90% of the sewage generated by municipal councils and
over 50% of sewage discharged by municipal corporations
goes untreated

24. Challenges
Overview of the major problems:
Drinking Water
• Inadequate and intermittent supply of drinking water
• Metallic and bacterial pollution of water
• Inadequate piped water supply in rural areas and some urban
slum areas
• Loss of water in transmission (distribution) and storage
• Lack of financial resources for improvements.

25. Challenges
• Affect agriculture production
• Insufficient local technological research on water
• Lack of integrated water management
• Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to
water
• Lack of control over-exploitation of groundwater resources
• Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment

26. Challenges
Industrial Water
• Inadequate enforcement of special water
regime for industries requiring considerable
amounts of water
• Inability of municipal water supply
organizations to meet increasing
demands of existing and new industries

27. Challenges
Safety of industrial establishments from surplus surface water and
floods
Lack of proper draining facilities
Uncontrolled exploitation of ground water by some industrial
establishments

28. Challenges
River Yamuna- “the principal drain for New Delhi’s waste.”
“Residents pour 150 million gallons of sewage into the river each
day.”
“In New Delhi the Yamuna itself is clinically dead.”
River Ganges- “River of Dead Bodies”

29. Challenges
The World's Most Polluted Places (Times survey)
Sukinda, India
Number of people potentially affected:
2,600,000
Groundwater in Sukinda is believed to be contaminated with
chromium. Sukinda, which contains one of the largest open cast
chromite ore mines in the world, 60% of the drinking water contains
hexavalent chromium

30. Market Study
Supply & Demand
There are two dominant features in current global water
consumption patterns:
The supply of fresh water is limited, but demand is growing steadily.
Many countries are failing to satisfy the basic need to provide
sufficient quantities of water of acceptable quality.
The development of the water market is being shaped by four mega
trends:
• global population growth.
• infrastructure
• water quality
• Climate change

31. Case Study [ecosan* ecological sanitation ]
The concept behind ecological sanitation
(ecosan) is that sanitation problems could be
solved more sustainably and efficiently if the
resources contained in excreta and wastewater
were recovered and used rather than
discharged into the water bodies and the
surrounding environment.
THE SOLUTION
Applying Ecological Sanitation means both creating awareness for
recycling of human disposals as well as developing an adequate toilet
design for separating urine and faces to make agricultural use
possible and exude the use of water.

32. Signs of hope…
[Solution]

33. Solution
Progress is Must,
But
Environment is
First.

34. Solution
Solutions to water problems require the consideration of cultural,
educational, communication and scientific aspects.
Plant Trees
Avoid Pollution
Conserve water
Technologies and Innovations
Water Purification Systems
Seawater desalination
Water Footprint

35. Solution
The much-awaited seawater desalination plant, the largest in the country with a
capacity of 100 MLD (million litres per day), coming up near Minjur about 35 km
north of Chennai .
Under the technology, developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology
(NIOT), warm water is pumped into a vacuum flash chamber and the resultant
vapour is condensed using cold water to get crystal clear potable water.
Desalinated water is of a better quality and the cost is only 6 paise per litre.

36. Solution
Water Footprint
To manage the water consumption better.
A water footprint measures the total amount of water
it takes for a company to manufacture and transport
a product, or for a city, country, or business to
operate.
Calculating water footprints can help businesses and
communities better understand and prepare for the
impacts of global water scarcity, according to experts.
Such data allows companies to identify potential
water savings and plan for future shortages

37. Solution
• Rain Water Harvesting
• Irrigation Water Management
• Hydrological projects - Construction of Dams
• Artificial Recharge to Ground Water through Dug well

38. Solution
National River Linking Project

39. Solution
Try to do one thing each day that will result in saving water. Don't worry if the savings
are minimal every drop counts! You can make a difference.
Remember to use only the amount you actually need.
Form a group of water-conscious people and encourage your friends and neighbors
to be part of this group. Promote water conservation in community newsletters and
on bulletin boards.
Encourage your friends, neighbors and co-workers to also contribute.
Encourage your family to keep looking for new ways to conserve water in and around
your home.
Make sure that your home is leak-free. Many homes have leaking pipes that go
unnoticed.
Do not leave the tap running while you are brushing your teeth or soaping your face.

40. Solution
Avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily. Put a brick or any other device that occupies
space to cut down on the amount of water needed for each flush.
When washing the car, use water from a bucket and not a hosepipe.
Do not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or dals.
Use it to water plants or to clean the floors, etc
You can store water in a variety of ways. A simple method is to place a drum on a
raised platform directly under the rainwater collection source. You can also collect
water in a bucket during the rainy season.
Donate fund for ongoing projects.

41. Solution
Water awareness groups among social media networking sites like Twitter,
Facebook are creating new trend among the social awareness groups.
Web 2.0 concept helps to bridge gap between the people – more interactive
By doing this water project, I have learned more about saving a drop of water rather
using wordpress 
Its not a solution to be found, it should be a RESOLUTION everyone should take.

42. Solution
sAvE wAtEr
SaVe WoRlD

43. Thank You…