This document discusses water resources and conservation. It notes that while water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, only 3% is fresh water. Most fresh water is locked in ice caps and glaciers, underground, or in the atmosphere. It discusses increasing water scarcity due to population growth, industrialization, and wastage. Proper management of water resources and public education about conservation are important to address this issue.

1. By:
R. PRANAVI (12241A01A8)
V.VENKAT RAMANA REDDY (12241A01C0)
17-3-2014
GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
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Why is World water day celebrated ?

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Distribution of Earth’s Water

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Sources of Water
Salt Water in Oceans 1348 BCM
Fresh Water 37.5 BCM
Sources of Fresh Water
Polar Ice and Glaciers 28.200 BCM
Ground Water < 800 m deep 3.470 BCM
800 - 4000 m deep 4.710 BCM
Lakes and Rivers 0.127 BCM
Others (soil moisture and
atmospheric vapours)
0.704 BCM
Availability Of Water :

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We use water for cooking, growing and preparing food; in
sustaining industry, to maintain our health, and for
recreational purposes.
Our daily existence relies on the availability of water.
As the global population rises and the consumption of
water increases, we find ourselves depleting all of our water
It is estimated that by 2025 1.8 billion people around the
world will live in extreme water scarcity.
Consumption of water:

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Fresh water usage:

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Wastage of water :
 Wastage of water leads to scarcity and conflicts
among nations but also within it.
For instance, while India and Bangladesh dispute over
the Ganges has become a global issue.
There are a number of solutions to deal with the
problem of water scarcity and we need to begin
somewhere.
 The first step should be to educate people to be
responsible in their usage of water.
Desalination is another solution that could be
considered.

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 Water has always been perceived as a gift from the gods as it
rained from the heavens.
 Water provides the Earth with the capacity of supporting life.
An organism doesn’t have to be told how important water is
to their existence.
 Water quenches the thirst of humans and animals.
 It gives life to plants and is essential for food production.
 Needless to add, we use water for almost all activities in our
life from bathing to cooking and without which life itself
ceases to exist.
Importance of water

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 Increase in population
 Increase in industries
 Increased Use of Irrigation
 Use of Fresh Water in
Industrial Animal Production
Depletion of Fresh Water Resources

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Causes :
 Marine dumping
 industrial waste
 Oil pollution
 Global Warming
 Under ground storage leakage
 Atmospheric Deposition
 Radioactive Waste
 Sewage and Waste water
 Eutrophication
Water pollution

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• Industrial waste can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic
to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans
who eat them. Heavy metals can slow development; result in birth defects
and some are carcinogenic.
• Microbial water pollution causes diseases such as cholera and typhoid
fever being the primary cause of infant mortality.
• Sulphate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in
the rivers and lakes .
• Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for
humans and the aquatic environment for marine life these particles often
reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth
of photosynthetic plants and micro-organisms.
Dangers of water pollution:

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• Conserve water by turning off the tap
when running water is not necessary
• Use environmentally household products,
such as washing powder, household
cleaning agents and toiletries.
• Take great care not to overuse pesticides
and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of
the material into nearby water sources.
• Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or
oceans
Prevention of water wastage:

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Modi Sir’s Scheme in Gujarat:
Gujarat State Watershed Management Agency (GSWMA) is the nodal
agency to implement Integrated Watershed Management Programme
(IWMP) across Gujarat state. The main aims of the IWMP are to restore
the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing
degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water. The
outcomes proposed are prevention of soil run-off, regeneration of natural
vegetation, rain water harvesting and recharging of the ground water
table. This is expected to enable multi-cropping and the introduction of
diverse agro-based activities, which help to provide sustainable
livelihoods to the people residing in the watershed area.

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Recent report released by The United Nations cautions that by the year
2025 almost 2.7 billion people will face severe water shortages
worldwide. Reports published by the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA), suggests that estimated 1.1 billion people will be
deprived of access to safe drinking water. Approximately, 2.5 billion
people will have no basic sanitary and another 5 million people will
die each year from water borne diseases.
Latest Scenario :

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• Education is the key pathway to developing sustainable
values and lifestyle.
• Never put water down the drain when there may be
another use for it such as watering a plant or garden, or
cleaning.
• Don't let water run while shaving or washing your face.
Brush your teeth first while waiting for water to get hot,
then wash or shave after filling the basin.
• Conserve drinking water daily .
Measures:

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• Check faucets and pipes for leaks
• Water your lawn and garden in the morning or evening
when temperatures are cooler to minimize
evaporation.
• Collect water from your roof using a rainwater tank to
water your garden, water only when necessary. More
plants die from over-watering than from under-
watering

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*Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in
rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the
litter and put it in a nearby dustbin*

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