This presentation discusses pavement construction issues, and the use of interlayers in pavement widening. Prepared by Katie Strain and Michael Samueloff of TENCATE. Please remember to cite this research if the information you find here is used.
1) The document discusses ground improvement techniques of preloading and vertical drainage. Preloading involves applying a surcharge load to improve soil strength and reduce settlements before construction.
2) Vertical drains are often used with preloading to accelerate consolidation by shortening the drainage path. Common types are sand drains and prefabricated vertical drains.
3) Vacuum preloading is described as an alternative to conventional preloading using surcharge loads, applying atmospheric pressure via a membrane system instead. This requires an effective drainage and vacuum maintenance system.
Shaft Grouting - Improving the capacity of bored piles by shaft grouting Nam N.N Tran M.Eng, PMP
Shaft grouting, a relatively new technique, is carried out by injecting grout at discrete points around a pile shaft, assuming that the grout spreads along it
He unit iii 3d0f5751f8e65e10a1c08bba8255d4bcsaibabu48
The document discusses different types of pavements and pavement materials. It describes flexible pavements which distribute wheel loads through layers and rigid pavements which use concrete slabs. The typical layers of a flexible pavement are described including the surface course, binder course, base course, and subgrade. Common pavement materials like soils, aggregates, and concrete are also outlined. Key tests for evaluating soils used in pavements are shear tests, bearing tests, and penetration tests such as the California Bearing Ratio test.
The document provides an overview of various ground improvement techniques including dynamic compaction, vibro compaction, dynamic replacement, vibro replacement, controlled modulus columns, and stone columns. It discusses the concepts, procedures, advantages, limitations, and examples of each technique. Quality control and assurance for dynamic compaction techniques is also covered, emphasizing the importance of monitoring during field operations and post-treatment evaluation.
The document discusses various types of soils used in subgrade for road construction. It describes desirable properties of subgrade soil including stability, drainage, and ease of compaction. It also discusses different soil types commonly used in India and their classification. Various laboratory tests conducted on soil are outlined including shear tests, bearing tests, and penetration tests like the California Bearing Ratio test. The test procedures for CBR and plate bearing tests are summarized.
This document discusses compaction grouting and provides details on:
1. The mechanism of compaction grouting which uses low mobility grout pumped in stages to displace and densify surrounding soils through the formation of grout bulbs.
2. The typical procedures for compaction grouting including installing grout pipes, mixing and pumping grout to form intersecting grout bulbs in a staged process.
3. An example project where compaction grouting was used to improve ground conditions for NATM tunnel construction through filled soils by achieving the target SPT N-values. Testing showed the compaction grouting successfully increased SPT N-values as required.
Components of highway pavement and materials used. Soil: Importance, Desirable properties, Index properties, Compaction, Strength evaluation tests. Aggregate: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on road aggregates and quality control. Bituminous binders: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on bitumen and quality control, Bitumen emulsion functions and classification, Modified bituminous binder functions and classification. Bituminous Mix: Desirable properties and requirement of design mix, general approach for design of bituminous mixes and introduction to Marshall Mix Design Method
1) The document discusses ground improvement techniques of preloading and vertical drainage. Preloading involves applying a surcharge load to improve soil strength and reduce settlements before construction.
2) Vertical drains are often used with preloading to accelerate consolidation by shortening the drainage path. Common types are sand drains and prefabricated vertical drains.
3) Vacuum preloading is described as an alternative to conventional preloading using surcharge loads, applying atmospheric pressure via a membrane system instead. This requires an effective drainage and vacuum maintenance system.
Shaft Grouting - Improving the capacity of bored piles by shaft grouting Nam N.N Tran M.Eng, PMP
Shaft grouting, a relatively new technique, is carried out by injecting grout at discrete points around a pile shaft, assuming that the grout spreads along it
He unit iii 3d0f5751f8e65e10a1c08bba8255d4bcsaibabu48
The document discusses different types of pavements and pavement materials. It describes flexible pavements which distribute wheel loads through layers and rigid pavements which use concrete slabs. The typical layers of a flexible pavement are described including the surface course, binder course, base course, and subgrade. Common pavement materials like soils, aggregates, and concrete are also outlined. Key tests for evaluating soils used in pavements are shear tests, bearing tests, and penetration tests such as the California Bearing Ratio test.
The document provides an overview of various ground improvement techniques including dynamic compaction, vibro compaction, dynamic replacement, vibro replacement, controlled modulus columns, and stone columns. It discusses the concepts, procedures, advantages, limitations, and examples of each technique. Quality control and assurance for dynamic compaction techniques is also covered, emphasizing the importance of monitoring during field operations and post-treatment evaluation.
The document discusses various types of soils used in subgrade for road construction. It describes desirable properties of subgrade soil including stability, drainage, and ease of compaction. It also discusses different soil types commonly used in India and their classification. Various laboratory tests conducted on soil are outlined including shear tests, bearing tests, and penetration tests like the California Bearing Ratio test. The test procedures for CBR and plate bearing tests are summarized.
This document discusses compaction grouting and provides details on:
1. The mechanism of compaction grouting which uses low mobility grout pumped in stages to displace and densify surrounding soils through the formation of grout bulbs.
2. The typical procedures for compaction grouting including installing grout pipes, mixing and pumping grout to form intersecting grout bulbs in a staged process.
3. An example project where compaction grouting was used to improve ground conditions for NATM tunnel construction through filled soils by achieving the target SPT N-values. Testing showed the compaction grouting successfully increased SPT N-values as required.
Components of highway pavement and materials used. Soil: Importance, Desirable properties, Index properties, Compaction, Strength evaluation tests. Aggregate: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on road aggregates and quality control. Bituminous binders: Functions, Desirable properties, Tests on bitumen and quality control, Bitumen emulsion functions and classification, Modified bituminous binder functions and classification. Bituminous Mix: Desirable properties and requirement of design mix, general approach for design of bituminous mixes and introduction to Marshall Mix Design Method
Highway Construction Materials and PracticeSenthamizhan M
Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure as it provides the support to the pavement from beneath.
The sub grade soil and its properties are important in the design of pavement structure.
The main function of the sub grade is to give adequate support to the pavement and for this the sub grade should possess sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions.
Pavement materials in Road Constructionsrinivas2036
Different pavement materials used in the road construction. Importance of soil, aggregate pavement materials. Tests on Soil for pavement construction. Tests on aggregate for pavement construction.
Requirements of soil and aggregates in pavement.
This document discusses methods for improving soils susceptible to liquefaction. It presents compaction grouting, permeation grouting, and jet grouting as methods that involve low levels of vibration. Compaction grouting involves injecting a cement mixture to densify the soil. Permeation grouting strengthens soils through cementation and fills pores to prevent water movement. Jet grouting forms cement-soil columns by injecting a high-pressure fluid mixture. The document also provides two case studies in Romania where jet grouting was used for underpinning and excavation support.
This document summarizes a presentation on subgrade stabilization methods for concrete pavements. It discusses the role of the subgrade in pavement performance and outlines various treatment options including removal and replacement, compaction, geotextiles, chemical stabilization using lime and cement. The presentation provides details on laboratory testing and construction steps for lime and cement stabilization, including mixing, compaction, curing and quality control. Subgrade stabilization improves the strength and uniformity of the subgrade for use as a construction platform and structural layer.
Vacuum dewatering is a process that removes excess water from freshly poured concrete to achieve an ideal water-cement ratio and improved properties. Concrete is poured and a vacuum pump then removes 15-25% of the water through a suction mat and filter pads. This results in higher strength, less cracking and shrinkage, improved abrasion resistance, and a smooth, level surface. Vacuum dewatering is commonly used for industrial and commercial floors that require high durability.
This document discusses materials used in highway construction, including aggregates, bitumen, asphalt, tar, cement, and steel reinforcement. It describes aggregates as a coarse particulate material used in construction that serves as reinforcement. It also summarizes different tests conducted on materials, such as aggregate impact value, polished stone value, and ductility tests. Finally, it provides an overview of asphalt mix design, noting its objectives are to determine a cost-effective blend of aggregates and binder that meets specifications and provides sufficient stability, voids, workability, and skid resistance.
This document discusses different types of pavements and factors considered in pavement design. It describes flexible and rigid pavements, and notes that pavement refers to the top road surface layer, including sub-base and base layers below. The objectives of pavement are to transfer wheel loads, prevent water entry into subgrades, and provide a smooth surface. Factors in design include traffic load, subgrade soil, design life, climate, materials, drainage, and geometry. The CBR test method is explained for evaluating subgrade strength.
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
The document summarizes key aspects of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) used for soil improvement. It discusses how PVDs work by shortening drainage paths in clay soils to accelerate consolidation from preloading. The document covers PVD installation methods, factors affecting their performance over time, advantages over sand drains, and applications such as embankment stabilization. It also reviews several studies on PVD performance in soft soil improvement projects.
Présentation de M. Naresh Gurpersaud (Keller) - SCG Ouest QuébecAlain Plaisant
Présentation de M. Naresh Gurpersaud, vice-président du service d'ingénierie de Keller à la Société Canadienne de Géotechnique - Section Ouest du Québec en Février 2018
Grouting involves injecting a slurry or liquid into soil or rock to fill voids and fractures. There are three main modes of grouting: permeation where grout flows freely into voids, compaction where grout remains intact and exerts pressure, and hydraulic fracturing where grout rapidly penetrates fractured zones. Grouting is used for applications like seepage control, soil stabilization, and vibration control. Common grout materials include suspensions of cement and water, emulsions of asphalt and water, and chemical solutions. Injection methods include permeation, compaction, jet, and soil fracture grouting. Proper planning of the grouting process including ground investigation, hole pattern, and sequencing is
This document discusses materials used in highway construction. It outlines seven major materials: bituminous materials, soil, aggregates, Portland cement concrete, admixtures, pavement marking materials, and structural steel. For each material, it provides details on composition, properties, and relevant tests used for evaluation and quality control of the material. Key tests discussed include moisture content value, California bearing ratio, Los Angeles abrasion value, and specific gravity and water absorption.
Mainly this presentation covers about how to understand and analyse soil as highway sub-grade material..
discussed about the basic properties of soil, classification of soils, tests to conduct on soil and how soil can be selected as highway material..
soil stabilization using burnt municipal solid waste ash is done with varied test being carried out on different proportions of soil and additive which in our case is bottom ash and not fly ash
This document provides guidance on subgrade preparation and shoulder subgrade preparation for road construction projects. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring uniform moisture and density in subgrade soils to avoid issues like differential swelling, heaving, or settling. Proper inspection and testing of subgrade compaction is critical. The document also addresses specific considerations for stabilizing non-cohesive sandy subgrades through the addition of natural soil binders.
Elements of Traffic Engineering and Traffic Control Def: Traffic Engineering • Traffic engineering is that branch of engineering which deals with planning and geometric design of streets, highway, abutting lands, and operating traffic systems to achieve safe, economical, convenient and efficient movement of persons and goods.
Grouting is carried out for three main reasons: 1) to reduce leakage under dams, 2) to reduce uplift pressures, and 3) to strengthen jointed rock foundations. There are two main types of grouting: 1) consolidation grouting which is used to strengthen foundation rock with low pressure injections, and 2) curtain grouting which is used to reduce both leakage and uplift pressures with deeper injections near the heel of a dam. Grouting methods include intrusion, compaction, permeation, jet, and compensation grouting which are used for different soil types and purposes like seepage control, groundwater control, and soil stabilization.
This document discusses different methods of soil compaction, including laboratory tests, deep compaction techniques, and factors affecting compaction. Standard Proctor and modified Proctor tests are described as common laboratory methods to determine maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of soils. Deep compaction techniques discussed include precompression, explosion, heavy tamping, vibration, and compaction grouting. Precompression involves preloading soil with a surcharge or lowering the water table to induce consolidation over time. Explosion and heavy tamping use impact forces to densify loose soils, while vibration and grouting employ mechanical means like probes or injected grout to compact soils at depth.
This 3-sentence summary provides the key details about the document:
The document is a 2002 research report from Purdue University that studied the design of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls under fully saturated soil conditions. It presents the results of laboratory pullout tests on steel reinforcements embedded in silty sand soils under drained and undrained conditions. The report found that undrained pullout capacity is lower than drained capacity and decreases with higher silt content and lower permeability in the backfill soil.
This document discusses mix proportioning of concrete. It provides information on various types and properties of concrete, factors affecting strength and workability, methods of mix design, and the general steps involved in mix proportioning. The key points are:
1) Concrete mix proportioning determines the relative amounts of ingredients to achieve the desired properties in an economical way.
2) Factors like water-cement ratio, aggregate size and grading, cement content affect the strength, workability and durability of concrete.
3) Common mix design methods include ACI, IS, and trial batch methods. The general steps are selecting slump, aggregate size, water content, water-cement ratio, and calculating cement and aggregate
Highway Construction Materials and PracticeSenthamizhan M
Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure as it provides the support to the pavement from beneath.
The sub grade soil and its properties are important in the design of pavement structure.
The main function of the sub grade is to give adequate support to the pavement and for this the sub grade should possess sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions.
Pavement materials in Road Constructionsrinivas2036
Different pavement materials used in the road construction. Importance of soil, aggregate pavement materials. Tests on Soil for pavement construction. Tests on aggregate for pavement construction.
Requirements of soil and aggregates in pavement.
This document discusses methods for improving soils susceptible to liquefaction. It presents compaction grouting, permeation grouting, and jet grouting as methods that involve low levels of vibration. Compaction grouting involves injecting a cement mixture to densify the soil. Permeation grouting strengthens soils through cementation and fills pores to prevent water movement. Jet grouting forms cement-soil columns by injecting a high-pressure fluid mixture. The document also provides two case studies in Romania where jet grouting was used for underpinning and excavation support.
This document summarizes a presentation on subgrade stabilization methods for concrete pavements. It discusses the role of the subgrade in pavement performance and outlines various treatment options including removal and replacement, compaction, geotextiles, chemical stabilization using lime and cement. The presentation provides details on laboratory testing and construction steps for lime and cement stabilization, including mixing, compaction, curing and quality control. Subgrade stabilization improves the strength and uniformity of the subgrade for use as a construction platform and structural layer.
Vacuum dewatering is a process that removes excess water from freshly poured concrete to achieve an ideal water-cement ratio and improved properties. Concrete is poured and a vacuum pump then removes 15-25% of the water through a suction mat and filter pads. This results in higher strength, less cracking and shrinkage, improved abrasion resistance, and a smooth, level surface. Vacuum dewatering is commonly used for industrial and commercial floors that require high durability.
This document discusses materials used in highway construction, including aggregates, bitumen, asphalt, tar, cement, and steel reinforcement. It describes aggregates as a coarse particulate material used in construction that serves as reinforcement. It also summarizes different tests conducted on materials, such as aggregate impact value, polished stone value, and ductility tests. Finally, it provides an overview of asphalt mix design, noting its objectives are to determine a cost-effective blend of aggregates and binder that meets specifications and provides sufficient stability, voids, workability, and skid resistance.
This document discusses different types of pavements and factors considered in pavement design. It describes flexible and rigid pavements, and notes that pavement refers to the top road surface layer, including sub-base and base layers below. The objectives of pavement are to transfer wheel loads, prevent water entry into subgrades, and provide a smooth surface. Factors in design include traffic load, subgrade soil, design life, climate, materials, drainage, and geometry. The CBR test method is explained for evaluating subgrade strength.
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
The document summarizes key aspects of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) used for soil improvement. It discusses how PVDs work by shortening drainage paths in clay soils to accelerate consolidation from preloading. The document covers PVD installation methods, factors affecting their performance over time, advantages over sand drains, and applications such as embankment stabilization. It also reviews several studies on PVD performance in soft soil improvement projects.
Présentation de M. Naresh Gurpersaud (Keller) - SCG Ouest QuébecAlain Plaisant
Présentation de M. Naresh Gurpersaud, vice-président du service d'ingénierie de Keller à la Société Canadienne de Géotechnique - Section Ouest du Québec en Février 2018
Grouting involves injecting a slurry or liquid into soil or rock to fill voids and fractures. There are three main modes of grouting: permeation where grout flows freely into voids, compaction where grout remains intact and exerts pressure, and hydraulic fracturing where grout rapidly penetrates fractured zones. Grouting is used for applications like seepage control, soil stabilization, and vibration control. Common grout materials include suspensions of cement and water, emulsions of asphalt and water, and chemical solutions. Injection methods include permeation, compaction, jet, and soil fracture grouting. Proper planning of the grouting process including ground investigation, hole pattern, and sequencing is
This document discusses materials used in highway construction. It outlines seven major materials: bituminous materials, soil, aggregates, Portland cement concrete, admixtures, pavement marking materials, and structural steel. For each material, it provides details on composition, properties, and relevant tests used for evaluation and quality control of the material. Key tests discussed include moisture content value, California bearing ratio, Los Angeles abrasion value, and specific gravity and water absorption.
Mainly this presentation covers about how to understand and analyse soil as highway sub-grade material..
discussed about the basic properties of soil, classification of soils, tests to conduct on soil and how soil can be selected as highway material..
soil stabilization using burnt municipal solid waste ash is done with varied test being carried out on different proportions of soil and additive which in our case is bottom ash and not fly ash
This document provides guidance on subgrade preparation and shoulder subgrade preparation for road construction projects. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring uniform moisture and density in subgrade soils to avoid issues like differential swelling, heaving, or settling. Proper inspection and testing of subgrade compaction is critical. The document also addresses specific considerations for stabilizing non-cohesive sandy subgrades through the addition of natural soil binders.
Elements of Traffic Engineering and Traffic Control Def: Traffic Engineering • Traffic engineering is that branch of engineering which deals with planning and geometric design of streets, highway, abutting lands, and operating traffic systems to achieve safe, economical, convenient and efficient movement of persons and goods.
Grouting is carried out for three main reasons: 1) to reduce leakage under dams, 2) to reduce uplift pressures, and 3) to strengthen jointed rock foundations. There are two main types of grouting: 1) consolidation grouting which is used to strengthen foundation rock with low pressure injections, and 2) curtain grouting which is used to reduce both leakage and uplift pressures with deeper injections near the heel of a dam. Grouting methods include intrusion, compaction, permeation, jet, and compensation grouting which are used for different soil types and purposes like seepage control, groundwater control, and soil stabilization.
This document discusses different methods of soil compaction, including laboratory tests, deep compaction techniques, and factors affecting compaction. Standard Proctor and modified Proctor tests are described as common laboratory methods to determine maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of soils. Deep compaction techniques discussed include precompression, explosion, heavy tamping, vibration, and compaction grouting. Precompression involves preloading soil with a surcharge or lowering the water table to induce consolidation over time. Explosion and heavy tamping use impact forces to densify loose soils, while vibration and grouting employ mechanical means like probes or injected grout to compact soils at depth.
This 3-sentence summary provides the key details about the document:
The document is a 2002 research report from Purdue University that studied the design of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls under fully saturated soil conditions. It presents the results of laboratory pullout tests on steel reinforcements embedded in silty sand soils under drained and undrained conditions. The report found that undrained pullout capacity is lower than drained capacity and decreases with higher silt content and lower permeability in the backfill soil.
This document discusses mix proportioning of concrete. It provides information on various types and properties of concrete, factors affecting strength and workability, methods of mix design, and the general steps involved in mix proportioning. The key points are:
1) Concrete mix proportioning determines the relative amounts of ingredients to achieve the desired properties in an economical way.
2) Factors like water-cement ratio, aggregate size and grading, cement content affect the strength, workability and durability of concrete.
3) Common mix design methods include ACI, IS, and trial batch methods. The general steps are selecting slump, aggregate size, water content, water-cement ratio, and calculating cement and aggregate
Water plays a crucial role in concrete as it is required for the chemical process of hydration where water reacts with cement to gain strength over time. The water-cement ratio affects properties like strength and durability, with lower ratios producing higher strengths and more durable concrete. Proper curing with water is also important to ensure continued hydration and development of strength and durability.
This document provides information on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It discusses workability of fresh concrete, including factors that affect workability such as water-cement ratio, aggregate size and shape, and admixtures. It also describes tests used to measure workability, including slump, compaction factor, and vee-bee tests. The document then covers topics related to hardened concrete such as compressive strength, shrinkage, and permeability. It analyzes factors that influence the strength of concrete like water-cement ratio, gel-space ratio, aggregate size, curing temperature, and concrete age. The functions of admixtures in concrete are also briefly mentioned.
Noise reduction in pavement made of rubberized bituminious top layer pptAbdul Aziz
The document discusses noise reduction in pavement made of rubberized bituminous top layers. It provides an introduction to asphalt rubber pavement and its use of recycled tire rubber. The history of asphalt rubber is described along with different classifications of rubberized asphalt mixes. Preliminary mix designs, advantages like noise reduction and durability, and disadvantages involving costs are outlined. Stone matrix asphalt is discussed as a gap-graded mix using aggregates, binder, fillers and additives to reduce drain-down. The document concludes that rubberized asphalt mixtures provide more durable pavements with noise reduction benefits.
Presentation by Ray Myers of the Asphalt Interlayer Association on interlayers and geosynthetics delivered at the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference held Oct. 24, 2013 in Sacramento, Calif.
This document summarizes a presentation on cementing for well isolation. It discusses the importance of cementing for preventing flow to the surface and maintaining well integrity. Proper planning and execution of cementing operations is important to ensure zonal isolation for the life of the well. Key factors discussed include mud displacement, cement placement, temperature effects, and integrated mud and cement design.
Highway Materials: Desirable Properties, Testing Procedures, Standards, and standard values relating to Soil, Stone Aggregates, Bitumen and Tar, fly- ash/pond-ash. Role of filler in Bituminous mix, materials of filler.
Specifications of DLC and PQC for rigid pavement
IRJET - Solid Flooring by using Tremix Method-Literature ReviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses the tremix method or vacuum dewatering process for solid flooring. The process involves using a vacuum to remove excess water from freshly poured concrete to reduce the water-cement ratio and improve strength and durability. Some key points:
- Vacuum dewatering lowers the water content in concrete by 15-25%, improving compressive strength by 40-70% and surface hardness by 130%. It produces a denser, harder floor with reduced shrinkage, cracking and permeability.
- The process involves placing a cover over freshly vibrated concrete and applying a vacuum to extract water. It dewaters the concrete in 1.5-2 minutes per cm of thickness.
- Vac
This document discusses different types of pavement design. It describes the basic AASHTO design methods for both rigid and flexible pavements. For flexible pavement design, it considers factors like traffic volumes, equivalent single-axle loads, layer properties, and thickness. For rigid pavement design, it examines factors like terminal serviceability, equivalent single-axle loads, modulus of subgrade reaction, and slab thickness. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of both rigid and flexible pavements.
124
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة ال 124 من المبادرة مع
دكتور/ محمد الحسين
بعنوان
المركبات البوليمرية الجيوتقنية و تطبيقاتها في الهندسة المدنية
Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering (Multifunctional uses of geosynthetics in civil engineering)
التاسعة مساء توقيت القاهرة
العاشرة. مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
السبت 28 أغسطس 2021
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Geosynthetics in civil engineering (multifunctional uses of geosynthetics in ...Super Arc Consultant
This document discusses the use of geosynthetics in civil engineering. It begins with an introduction to geosynthetics, describing the different types including geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geopipes, geocomposites, and geocells. It then discusses the key functions of geosynthetics like separation, drainage, filtration, fluid barriers, reinforcement, and protection. The document provides examples of applications for geosynthetics in areas like pavements, retaining walls, drainage, erosion control, embankments, and reinforced foundations. It concludes by stating the benefits of geosynthetics like using local materials, employing un
Suntainable Road Infrasructure Development In Nigeria': Addressing the proble...NSEAkure
This document summarizes strategies for addressing permanent deformation of road pavements in Nigeria. It discusses how permanent deformation occurs due to densification and shear under repeated traffic loading. Common causes are weak asphalt mixtures and subgrades. Solutions proposed include using harder bitumen binders, the Superpave mix design method, polymer-modified asphalt, lime-modified asphalt, grouted asphalt, and standardized tests like the repeated load axial test and wheel tracking test. Adopting improved materials and designs, along with supporting research and policies, could help ensure more sustainable road infrastructure in Nigeria.
This document discusses highway pavement materials and design. It covers types of pavements like flexible, rigid, and composite pavements. It describes the ideal requirements for road pavements and compares the characteristics of flexible and rigid pavements. The document outlines the typical layers of a flexible pavement and factors that affect pavement design like wheel load, climate, materials used, and subgrade quality. It also discusses road aggregates, their desirable properties, and testing methods.
This document provides information on UltraTech Cement's building products division and their product portfolio. It discusses their various cement-based products including AAC blocks, waterproofing solutions, tile adhesives, floor screeds, plasters, industrial grouts, and mortars. It provides details on the product segments, locations of BPD plants, technical specifications and parameters of their mortar and plaster range, and waterproofing solutions like Seal & Dry SBR and Weather Pro WP+. It also summarizes the uses and application areas of these products for construction purposes like plastering, tiling, waterproofing of structures.
IRJET- Environmental -Sustainable Solution of Pervious Concrete for PavementIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on pervious concrete, which is a type of concrete with high permeability that allows water to pass through it. It discusses the composition and properties of pervious concrete, including its open pore structure, strength, permeability, and ability to reduce stormwater runoff. The document also reviews previous studies on pervious concrete that examined the effects of variables like the water-cement ratio on its properties. Applications of pervious concrete discussed include pavements, sidewalks, pools, and more. Benefits highlighted are reducing stormwater, recharging groundwater, lower costs, and increased safety.
During filtration, the clear water passes through filters that have different pore sizes and are made of different materials (such as sand, gravel, and charcoal). These filters remove dissolved particles and germs, such as dust, chemicals, parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
An Experimental Stduies on Behaviour of Pervious Concrete by using Addition o...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of pervious concrete using additions of admixtures. Pervious concrete is a high porosity concrete that allows water to pass through, reducing runoff. The study examines adding fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as admixtures to increase strength. Different mix ratios and admixture percentages were tested. The results showed that additions of fly ash and GGBS up to 25% did not significantly affect compressive strength but did improve tensile strength and flexural strength. The study evaluated the properties and testing of the pervious concrete mixtures.
BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF C- AGGREGATES BY GRANULATED ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregates by granulated rubber. Tests were performed on M25 grade concrete with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% replacement of coarse aggregates by rubber aggregates, with and without a superplasticizer. Compression, split tensile, and flexural tests were conducted on cubes, cylinders, and beams at 7 and 28 days. The results showed replacement of up to 7.5% rubber aggregates is permissible, with higher replacements resulting in decreased strength. Therefore, partial replacement of coarse aggregates with granulated rubber up to 7.5% is feasible.
This document summarizes different methods of curing concrete and their effectiveness. It discusses that proper curing is crucial to obtaining design strength and maximum durability in concrete. Various curing methods are described, including ponding, fogging, wet coverings using burlap or impervious paper, membrane-forming compounds, internal curing using lightweight aggregates, leaving forms in place, and steam curing. Ponding and wet coverings using saturated materials are identified as most effective at maintaining moisture, while membrane compounds are more practical. The document concludes that curing method has a fundamental effect on concrete's mechanical properties and strengths. Immersion curing generally provides the best results.
Similar to Narrow Pavement Widening - Enhancing Performance with Interlayers (20)
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
This document discusses ongoing research projects related to collaborative sensing and heterogeneous networking leveraging vehicular fleets. Specifically, it discusses:
1) How increased cluster density of vehicles improves overall data rates and reduces variability in individual user rates.
2) Modeling what collaborative sensing systems can "see" or be aware of in obstructed environments and how coverage benefits scale with increased penetration of collaborative vehicles.
3) Developing optimal information sharing policies to maximize situational awareness for autonomous nodes in resource-constrained network environments.
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Updates provided to the D-STOP Business Advisory Council at the 2017 Symposium and Board Meeting: https://ctr.utexas.edu/2018/04/12/d-stop-2017-symposium-archive/
Online platforms are emerging as a powerful mechanism for matching resources to requests. In the setting of freight, the requests arrive from shippers, who have a diverse collection of goods. The resources are supplied by shippers (trucks), and have various physical constraints (driver’s route preferences, carrying capacity, geographic preferences, etc.). Online platforms are emerging that (a) learn the characteristics of shippers and carriers, and (b) efficiently match goods to trucks based on such learning.
Our project will develop algorithms for such online resource allocation. This is a challenging problem, due to the complexity of the learning tasks. Such algorithms can have considerable impact on efficiently using trucking resources.
Through this project, the research team will leverage the computing resources and expertise at UT to develop a “data discovery environment” for transportation data to aid decision-making. Many efforts focus on leveraging transportation data to help travelers make decisions, but less thought has gone into a framework for using big data to help transportation agency staff and decision makers. The team will start by building the DDE for the Central Texas region, in collaboration with the local MPO, the City of Austin, and the local transit agency. Initially, the project will focus on creating more meaning from existing data sources, and as the project progresses, it will grow to include more novel data sources and methods. The data platform will be web-based and part of the research includes not only building the tool but developing appropriate protocols for access and governance.
This document discusses modeling strategies for autonomous and connected vehicles. It proposes modifying traditional four-step transportation models to account for autonomous vehicle adoption rates and different trip types. Autonomous vehicle passenger car equivalents and flow ratios are modeled based on vehicle speed, market penetration, and other factors. The document also describes plans for a 4G deployment test bed to demonstrate connected vehicle technologies on managed lanes in Dallas-Fort Worth and Virginia.
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are a key technology for improving road safety. But both current and proposed ADAS are limited in important ways. Vision- and lidar-based ADAS performs poorly in heavy rain, snow, or fog. Lack of vehicle situational awareness due to these sensing limitations will unfortunately be the cause of many accidents, including fatalities, for connected and automated vehicles in the years to come. The goal of this research is to develop and test a sensing strategy with robust perception: No blind spots, applicable to all driveable environments, and available in all weather conditions. We believe there are three key requirements for collaborative all-weather sensing:
– Precise vehicle positioning within a common reference frame
– Decimeter-accurate vision and radar mapping
– A means of quantifying the benefits of collaborative sensing
Vehicular radar and communication are the two primary means of using radio frequency (RF) signals in transportation systems. Automotive radars provide high-resolution sensing using proprietary waveforms in millimeter wave (mmWave) bands and vehicular communications allow vehicles to exchange safety messages or raw sensor data. Both the techniques can be used for applications such as forward collision warning, cooperative adaptive cruise control, and pre-crash applications.
Many areas of machine learning and data mining focus on point estimates of key parameters. In transportation, however, the inherent variance, and, critically, the need to understand the limits of that variance and the impact it may have, have long been understood to be important. Indeed, variance and other risk measures that capture the cost of the spread around the mean, are critical factors in understanding how people act. Thus they are critical for prediction, as well as for purposes of long term planning, where controlling risk may be equally important to controlling the mean (the point estimate).
There has been tremendous progress on large scale optimization techniques to enable the solution of large scale machine learning and data analytics problems. Stochastic Gradient Descent and its variants is probably the most-used large-scale optimization technique for learning. This has not yet seen an impact on the problem of statistical inference — namely, obtaining distributional information that might allow us to control the variance and hence the risk of certain solutions.
Investigation and findings on reservation-based intersections and managed lanes
Real-Time Signal Control and Traffic Stability
Congestion on urban arterials is largely centered around intersection control. Traditional traffic signal schemes are limited in their ability to adapt in real time to traffic conditions or by their ability to coordinate with each other to ensure adequate performance. Specifically, there is a tension between adaptivity (as with actuated signals) and coordination through pre-timed signals (signal progression). We propose to investigate whether routing protocols in telecommunications networks can be applied to resolve these problems. Specifically, the backpressure algorithm of Tassiulas & Emphremides (1992) can ensure system stability through decentralized control under relatively weak regularity conditions. It is as yet unknown whether this algorithm can be adapted to traffic signal systems, and if so, what modifications are needed. Traffic systems differ in several significant ways from telecommunication networks: each intersection approach has relatively few queues (lanes) that must be shared among traffic to various definitions. First-in, first-out constraints lead to head-of-line blocking effects, traffic waves move at a much slower speed than data packets, and traffic queues are tightly limited by physical space (finite buffers). Determining whether (and how) the backpressure concept can be adapted to traffic networks requires significant research, and has the potential to dramatically improve signal performance.
Improved Models for Managed Lane Operations
Managed lanes (ML) are increasingly being considered as a tool to mitigate congestion on highways with limited areas for capacity expansion. Managed lanes are dynamically priced based on the congestion level, and can be set either with the objective of maximum utilization (e.g., a public operator) or profit maximization (e.g., a private operator). Optimization models for determining these pricing policies make restrictive assumptions about the layout of these corridors (often a single entrance and exit) or knowledge of traveler characteristics on behalf of the modeler (e.g., distribution of willingness to pay). Developing new models to address these issues would allow for better utilization of these facilities.
Professor Robert W. Heath Jr. is the director of UT SAVES (Situation-Aware Vehicular Engineering Systems), which combines expertise in wireless communications, signal processing, and transportation research. UT SAVES collaborates with automotive companies like Honda R&D Americas on projects involving sensing, communication, and analytics for applications such as automated driving. Membership provides access to UT SAVES research and facilities, including graduate research assistants and experimental capabilities in areas like millimeter wave communication and sensor fusion. Current research projects focus on cooperative sensing, vehicle-to-everything communication, and applying 5G cellular networks to driving assistance technologies.
The Business Advisory Council meeting covered the following topics in 3 sentences or less:
The meeting covered updates on education and workforce development programs at the Engineering Education and Research Center including summer internships and distinguished lectures. Research updates were provided on 30 completed projects and 18 ongoing projects covering topics like connected corridors and autonomous vehicles. New proposed research was presented on topics such as video data analytics, traffic signal optimization, and modeling willingness to share trips in autonomous vehicles.
The document discusses managing mobility during the design-build reconstruction of the Dallas Horseshoe highway interchange project. It describes the project's high traffic volumes and constraints. It highlights the contractor's successes in maintaining access and maximizing work during limited closures. It stresses the importance of collaboration between the agency and contractor in developing traffic control plans and finding solutions to difficult situations.
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Narrow Pavement Widening - Enhancing Performance with Interlayers
1. All Data & analysis courtesy of John Bryce of Harris & Associates
WELCOME
Katie Strain
TenCate Mirafi – Roadway Reinforcement
Enhancing the Performance and Design Life of Roadways
Michael Samueloff
TenCate Mirafi - Pavement Solutions
Narrow Pavement Widening Using Interlayers
19. 19 | Road Show
Mirafi® RS580i, RS380i & RS280i
Integration of 5 Key Properties for Base Reinforcement
and Subgrade Stabilization
- High Modulus especially in CMD
- High Water Flow/Permittivity
- Separation (US sieve #40)
- High Interaction Coefficient (Confinement)
- Product Identification
21. All Data & analysis courtesy of John Bryce of Harris & Associates
Deterioration Causes & Delay
Interlayer Types & Functionality
Cost/Benefit
Geosynthetic Pavement Interlayers
22. All Data & analysis courtesy of John Bryce of Harris & Associates
Distressed Pavements
Pavement Deterioration
23. Subbase/Native
Crack Growth 1“ / Yr Avg
HMA Layer
HMA Overlay
Thermal movement
Traffic Loading
Base
Moisture intrusion
Pavement Deterioration
From day ONE these forces are at work
Weather / Environmental Action
Deficiencies in design, construction and maintenance
Aging
24. Forces Interlayers Address
Pavement Deterioration
Water intrusion
Reflective Crack Forces
Base
Traffic Loading
Thermal Movement
PAVEMENT
SECTION
25. Protect base from moisture saturation
Pavement Interlayer Functionality
Point Load Distribution
Interlayer Functions that Delay Deterioration
Mitigate Impact of
Top
HMA
Layers
Base
Stress Absorbing/Dispersing Paving Interlayer
Bottom
HMA
Layers
Mitigates Weather /
Environmental Effects
Stops water intrusion
Thermal
MovementReturn and Severity
Delay
Crack
26. “One major factor that degrades a roadbed’s ability
to function is the infiltration of water into the base
material.”
Caltrans Pavement Evaluation Manual
Pavement Condition Survey
John Poppe
FHWA - Moisture intrudes through pavement:
Asphalt up to 50%
Concrete up to 67%
Deteriorating Impact of Moisture Intrusion
27.
28. Drainage Quality Time Drainage Coefficient
Excellent 2 hours 1.2
Good 1 day 1.0
Fair 1 week 0.8
Poor 1 month 0.6
Very Poor Doesn’t drain 0.4
Deteriorating Impact of Moisture in Base
29. Pavement Interlayer Value
HOW?
...Extend Life:
Preserve base structural value
Delay crack return & severity
Add flexural strength to HMA
…Greater Value:
Reduce impact of asphalt cost
i.e In Dec. 07, $175/ton, today…$650+
Greater benefit at less cost
30. Pavement Interlayer Evolution
NEW?...Interlayer evolution to
higher levels of performance
to multifunctional, Moisture
barrier Plus reinforcement
to multi-axial reinforcement
to focus on in-place functionality
31. How Interlayers Work
STRAIN
ABSORBING
STRESS DISSIPATING
Mass to soak up
(Sponge)
Tensile strength and efficiency to disperse low strain
crack energy (Rebar) Multi-Axial strong all directions
Tighter bond,
thicker/more mass =
greater ability to
absorb = better
reflective crack
retardation
Tighter bond, higher, more efficient tensile strength, more
homogeneous the structure = greater ability to dissipate crack
energy = better reflective crack retardation
FABRICS
MAT
Multi-Axial
GRIDS
Continuous Strand Fiberglass
Bi-Axial I Multi-Axial
Interlayers Types
Pavement Interlayer Functionality
32. RECYCLABLE
With Asphalt forms Moisture Barrier
Description
With Asphalt absorbs and/or disperses crack forces
Multi-Axial, multi-directional reinforcing
Bi-Axial, 2 way reinforcing, weak at bias angle
With Asphalt tack forms a strong bond between layers
Mills completely and can be added back into new mix
Function
Pavement Interlayer Functionality
33. Bi-Axial Multi-Axial
Crack Stress Relief and Delay
Monolithic
bond
Mills + Recycles
into new mix
Wide Vs
Narrow
Rolls
Uncoated,
Flexible
Rolls
TenCate
Products
Interlayer Functionality Summary
Stress
Absorbing
Tensile to Reinforce
Stress Absorbing Geosynthetic Interlayer
Polypropylene Fabric
FUNCTIONALITY
Constructibility
Ease of
Installation
Description
Moisture
Barrier
Membrane
MPV
Fabric
YES YES NO NO YES Can Be YES YESPolypropylene Fabric
Fiberglass Tensile Reinforcing Geosynthetic Interlayers
Tru
Pave
Mat
Multi-Axial Mat YES YES YES Up to 80N YES YES YES YES
PGM
G4
Multi-Axial
Composite
YES YES YES Up to 100kN YES YES YES YES
PGM
G2
Composite YES YES Up to 100kN NO YES Can Be YES YES
FG¹
PreCoated Self
Stick/Scrim
NO NO Up to 100kN NO NO YES NO NO
FGC²
PreCoated
Composite
YES YES Up to 100kN NO YES Can Be NO NO
¹Replaced by G4, ²Replaced by G2
Fiberglass Tensile Reinforcing Geosynthetic Interlayers
Multi-Axial
Grids
Bi-Axial
35. Original Pavement
Hot AC Tack Coat
(Approx .25 Gal/SY)
Provides Moisture Barrier
Interlayer Installation
Bitumen Saturation and Fabric
• Delays Reflective Cracking
• Reinforces Overlay
• Waterproofing membrane
NEW EXTENDED LIFE
ASPHALT SURFACE
Pavement Interlayer Installation
36. The Asphalt Pavement Analyzer - Wheel Track
Figure 5: Asphalt Pavement Analyzer – Wheel Track
Interlayer Functionality Study
37. Grid
IEF # of cycles with interlayer/#of cycles
to 100% crack on the control
Cycles to 100% failure
Interlayer Effectiveness and Total Life Averages
Interlayer Functionality Capability
MatFabricControl
38. Pavement Age (Time In Years)
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Failed
Pavement
PavementCondition
Time For New Overlay
Possibly Recycle
Original Pavement HMA Overlay w/
Interlayers
HMA Overlay Only
Yr X Yr Y
Selection by Type/Functional Impact
No Interlayer
REHAB – OVERLAY PAVEMENT
Delay Deterioration - Extend Life (Yr Y – Yr X):
Mat 2.75 times
longer
Interlayer Impact on Pavement Deterioration Curve
Crack Delay
using an
interlayer
41. Interlayer Performance Compromised
1. Incomplete Interlayer System:
Includes Interlayer WITH asphalt
2. Installation quality
a. Asphalt tack
b. Overlay too thin
c. Lack of base prep
d. Uncut wrinkles
3. Site selected exceeds functionality
a. Unstable base
b. Unstable underlying surface
c. Wide cracks with excessive thermal movement
Expectation Not Met
42. Extreme Pavement and Base Failures
Base Failures
Extreme fatigue cracking/unstable base
Slab Fracture/Uneven
Extreme Fatigue Cracking
Caution! Not all conditions interlayer appropriate!
Performance Compromised: Site Selection
Mix Rutting
49. Interlayer Use Summary
Extend pavement life
Maximize base performance
Delay crack return & severity
Reduce impact of asphalt cost
Reduce maintenance & road closure
CHEAPEST INSURANCE TO:
50. Mirafi® MTK Crack Solution
• Seals crack –Keeps water out
• Flexes to keep cracks sealed
• Delays reflective cracking
• Slows pavement deterioration
• Fast, easy to install
• Adheres to cleaned surface
• Used in wide temperature range
• Reduces traffic disruption
.
Mirafi® MTK Roll Dimensions
.30 m x 15.2 m (12 in x 50 ft)
.46 m x 15.2 m (18 in x 50 ft)
.60 m x 15.2 m (24 in x 50 ft)
.91 m x 15.2 m (36 in x 50 ft)
Southwest WashingtonOne of first installations of our RS280i product just introduced. Same characteristics as 380i & 580i, just not as strong so it costs less
See where the geosynthetic is and then where the mud is pushing up where it’s not
Gals/min/ft2of material
Technology came from the pool covers we manufacture. Allows water thru but not sunlight.Double-weave
RS580i vs 600x
Coefficient of interaction1.0 – rock on rock0.0 – glass on glass
Legion Trail Park just outside of St. Louis, MO – geogrid was originally specified by the geotechContractor wanted to use SHOT rock – geosynthetic spec was changed to RS580i
High strength at low strain – we don’t want it to stretch hardly at allFor comparison BX1200 - 600 lb/ft.
Results of an independent lab testing down in AtlantaRS580i outperforms all of our best productsProof is in the pudding
Now we’ve covered the key functions of geosynthetics performing in a roadway
The Asphalt Pavement Analyzer is an established wheel tracking device that is configured to run both the Georgia Loaded Wheel and Wheel Track test methods. The primary difference in these methods is how the load is applied to the sample. The Georgia Loaded Wheel applies a load to a rubber hose that is resting on the sample. The Wheel Track applies the load using a steel wheel and is shown in Figure 5. The Wheel Trackapproach was selected for the APA-RCR.Several refinements were made to this method to produce a microstrain in the range of 600 to 800 and initiate crack propagation in less than 10,000 cycles (>3.5 hours). The stress was increased from 100 psi to 120 psi and beam dimensions were reduce to 3 inches in width by 2.5 inches in depth.
The orange bar graph is simple cycles to failure.The blue bar graph is showing that if a pavement with no interlayer cracks through at 1.0 then withMPV500 it will take 1.6 times longer for crack returnTruPave will take 2.75 times longerGrid will take 5.5 times longerIn other words, Theoretically, In these ideal lab conditions, if the un-reinforced asphalt pavement cracked at 1" per year then a 2" un-reinforced pavement will have cracks back in 2 yearsIn that same ideal lab situation if you use the following interlayer, cracks will be delayed for:MPV500 at 1.6 times or not back for 3.2 years or a 60% improvementTruPave at 2.75 times or cracks not back for 5.5 Years or a 175% improvementGrids at 5.5 Times or cracks not back for 11 Years or a 450% improvementTake away is only to clearly demonstrate the difference in performance capability with these three interlayer types.These test results are done in a controlled environment and isolate differences that help quantify the differential performance in this particular test of these three interlayers compared to a control.Which means we can say that if everything else is equal, this is a good measure of the differential in performance between these products that can be used to justify the value differential between each of them.Now of course, in the real world we do not have ideal nor controlled conditions--we have many variables! If we can determine the exact distress condition and know it was exactly like the last project with exact same traffic loads, exact same weather and environmental conditions with the exact same base conditions we could all be very confident in predicting the results possible in the real world--Of course this is not likely and makes our job much more difficult--but not impossible!When we relate this back to our specific experience with our past installs I think we all agree, we have had some significant improvement in performance that agencies have been very happy with and which indicate that in some applications the interlayer performed even better than the above test results would indicate.Eg. Santa Cruz where TruPave was installed over PCC with an overlay and at 8 Years still has no cracks. If in the un-reinforced 2" overlay, the cracks returned in 2 years then TruPave provided a 4 times or a 400% improvement already and still not cracks???