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Présentation de M. Naresh Gurpersaud (Keller) - SCG Ouest Québec
- 1. keller.co.uk Naresh Gurpersaud, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Joey Villeneuve, EIT Specialty Grouting & Soil Improvement Techniques & Case Histories February 23, 2018
- 3. 3 Application Limits – Grouting Techniques
- 5. 5 Jet grouting • Any cohesionless soil • Cohesive soil with Su < 80 kPa • K from 1 x 10-5 to 1 x 10-7 cm/s • UCS from 0.3 to 10 MPa • Experienced personnel • Backflow handling system
- 9. 9 DAQ Report
- 10. 10 Acoustic Column Inspector (ACI)
- 11. 11 OLRT
- 12. 12 Keswick WPCP
- 15. 15 Excavation & Completed East Corridor
- 16. 16 Hydo Quebec La Romaine 3
- 17. 17
- 18. 18 Upstream cutoff wall as-built 3D profile Shallow Section Shallow Section Deep Crevice Section
- 21. 21 Compaction Grouting • Free draining soil types • Surgical treatment • 50 kPa overburden stress to be effective • 75 to 80% Dr is possible • Small to large drill rigs
- 23. 23 • Procedural inspection • DAQ reports • Documentation of the work activity • Testing to ensure proper mix design/injection rates • Verification of ground improvement by SPT, CPT or other similar methods • Instrumentation and monitoring Quality Control/Quality Assurance
- 24. 24 • Blue – Volume criterion • Yellow – Pressure criterion • Green – Both pressure and volume • Red - Neither Visualization
- 25. 25 9th Line Trunk Sewer, Markham, ON
- 26. 26 ECLRT
- 28. 28 • Low pressure injection system to improve strength and reduce permeability of granular soils • Cement or chemical-based grouts • Restricted access locations • No spoil Permeation Grouting
- 29. 29 • Sands and gravels with <20% fines • N = 10 – 50 typical • Post treatment – UCS from 0.35 to 2 MPa • K ≤ 1 x 10-5 cm/s expected • Small equipment • Multi-port grouting system & DAQ Technical suitability & Constructability
- 33. 33 • A hybrid grouting method • Partially replacement drilling and partially permeation grouting Dynamic Grouting
- 35. 35 NTP – Intake Shaft Excavation
- 36. 36 Niagara Tunnel Project (NTP)
- 37. 37 Data Acquisition (DAQ) System
- 38. 38 Soil Mixing
- 39. 39 Soil Mixing – Installation Techniques Mass Mixing to form blocks Column Mixing to form panels or single columns Panels or cutoffs to form cells or linear panels
- 40. 40 Wet Soil Mixing (WSM) • Any soil free of boulders/obstructions • N<12 for cohesive soils & N<20 for cohesionless soils • Post treatment – 0.35 to 3.5 MPa UCS; K from 1x10-5 to 1x 10-7 cm/s • Large equipment • Backflow handling system
- 41. 41 Mass Mixing (Dry) Method
- 42. 42 Dry Soil Mixing – Tank Foundations
- 43. 43 Dry Soil Mixing (DSM) • Silts, clays & organic soils • High GWT & w >60%, Su <10 kPa • Generally less than 10 m deep • 10-20 times increase in Su • Access for cement • Little of no backflow generated
- 44. 44 Drill Data Reduction – Wet Mixing
- 45. 45 WSM for tank foundations, Fort McMurray
- 46. 46 Vibro Systems
- 47. 47 Vibro Systems Vibro Compaction - Densification of granular soils Vibro Piers - Reinforcement with a stiff column of compacted aggregate. Vibro Replacement – Reinforcement of fine grained soils and densification of granular soils with a stiff column of compacted aggregate
- 48. 48 VC Increased bearing capacity Increased shear resistance Reduced settlement Mitigation of liquefaction and lateral spreading Uniformity of site after treatment Can be applied close to existing structures (sometimes) In situ treatment avoids excavation/ replacement Benefits of Vibro Techniques
- 49. 49 Vibro Tool
- 51. 51 • Densification of clean granular soils by using high vibratory energy • Performed in-situ up to 35 m deep • Capable of achieving 70 to 85 % Dr • Effective above and below the water table Vibro-Compaction
- 53. 53 • Densification of soils with aggregates • Performed in-situ up to 36 m • Effective above and below the water table • Performed using wet top-feed method or dry bottom-feed method Vibro-Replacement
- 55. 55 • Short, stiff aggregate piers to reinforce fine grained soils • Intermediate foundation system • Typically less than 10 m • 1.5 to 3 times increase in bearing capacity • 50 to 80% reduction in settlement Vibro Piers (aggregate piers)
- 56. 56 Tanks Embankments Shallow Footings MSE Walls Slopes Vibro Pier Applications
- 57. 57 Honda XW Expansion – Vibro Piers
- 58. 58 Modulus Test
- 59. 59 -0.900 -0.800 -0.700 -0.600 -0.500 -0.400 -0.300 -0.200 -0.100 0.000 - 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 AveragePlateDeflection(in) Applied Load (kips) Average Deflection vs. Load Modulus test results
- 60. 60 • Construction records for each aggregate pier − Date and time − Location − Depth − Stone quantity • Data acquisition (DAQ) system • Modulus testing • SPT, CPT, other (applicable for cohesionless soils where improvement is expected) QA/QC
- 63. 63 • Load transfer from a weak strata to a firm underlying strata • Settlement can be reduced by a factor of 8 to 10 • Most suitable for compressible soils • LTP – uniform foundation support & reduces stresses in the column head • Fast execution and low unit cost Rigid Inclusions
- 65. 65 • Provide world wide access to engineering and support • 10 Current Committees Keller Internal Global Product Teams (GPT) • VIBRO • RIGID INCLUSIONS • GROUTING • JET GROUTING • DEEP MIXING (DRY/WET/MASS) • MICROPILES/ANCHORS • DRIVEN PILES • BORED PILES • AUGER CAST PILES • DIAPHRAGM WALLS