Elements of Traffic Engineering and Traffic Control Def: Traffic Engineering • Traffic engineering is that branch of engineering which deals with planning and geometric design of streets, highway, abutting lands, and operating traffic systems to achieve safe, economical, convenient and efficient movement of persons and goods.

1. EXPERIMENTS IN
TRANSPORTATION LAB
SUBMITTED BY,
GAYATHRY SATHEESAN
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2. TEST ON AGGREGATES
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3. AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE TEST
 To determine the aggregate crushing value of
coarse aggregates which provides a relative
measure of resistance to crushing under a
gradually applied compressive load.
 To assess the suitability of coarse aggregates for
use in different types of roads
 Crushing value of aggregates indicates its
strength.
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4. AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE TEST
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5. Experimental set up
AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE TEST
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6. DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE
IMPACT VALUE
 To determine the toughness of the road
aggregates
 To assess their suitability in road construction on
the basis of impact value
 The property of a material to resist sudden impact
or shock is known as toughness .
 The aggregates should therefore have sufficient
toughness to resist their disintegration due
to impact. This characteristic is measured
by impact value test.

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7. DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE
IMPACT VALUE
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Test procedures

8. DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE
IMPACT VALUE
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Impact value test apparatus

9. DETERMINATION OF LOS ANGELES
ABRASION VALUE
 To determine the hardness property of aggregates
 To find the suitability of aggregates for use in road
construction.
 Gives the measure of aggregate toughness and
abrasion resistance such as crushing,
degradation and disintegration.
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10. DETERMINATION OF LOS ANGELES
ABRASION VALUE
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11. SHAPE TEST
Shape test is done to determine :
 The elongation index of the aggregates
 The flakiness index of the aggregates
 The percentage of flaky and elongated particles are
considered undesirable as they cause inherent
weakness with possibilities of breaking down under
heavy loads.
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12. SHAPE TEST
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Length guage
Thickness guage

13. ANGULARITY TEST FOR AGGREGATES
 This test is performed to determine the angularity
number i.e. the absence of roundedness or the
degree of angularity of the aggregate specimen
 To assess the suitability of aggregates for the use in
different types of road pavements
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• Coarse aggregate angularity is important to
ensure adequate aggregate interlock and
prevent excessive HMA deformation under load
(rutting)

14. ANGULARITY TEST FOR AGGREGATES
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15. SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER
ABSORPTION TEST
 Specific gravity test of aggregates is done to
measure the strength or quality of the material
 Water absorption test determines the water
holding capacity of the coarse and fine
aggregates . Thus it gives the idea of strength of
aggregates.
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16. SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER
ABSORPTION TEST
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Wire basket experimental
set up

17. DRY PACKING CHARACTERISTICS OF
AGGREGATES
 This method is used to calculate the bulk density
and the voids volume of aggregate in compacted
conditions and loose conditions.
 To investigate the possible relationship between the
voids in aggregates and the maximum achievable
packing density
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18. DETERMINATION OF STRIPPING VALUE
OF ROAD AGGREGATE
 To determine the effects of moisture upon the
adhesion of the bituminous film to the surface
particles of aggregate.
 To ascertain the suitability of road aggregates for
bituminous road construction
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19. DETERMINATION OF STRIPPING VALUE
OF ROAD AGGREGATE
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Specimen before and after the test

20. TEST ON SOIL
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21. DETERMINATION OF CALIFORNIA
BEARING RATIO
 To determine the California Bearing Ratio value
of the subgrade soil to evaluate the strength of
sub grade soil for design of pavement thickness
 It is a measure of resistance of a material to
penetration of standard plunger under controlled
density and moisture conditions.
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22. DETERMINATION OF CALIFORNIA
BEARING RATIO
 CBR test set up Preparation of test
specimen
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23. DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION TEST
 To determine the strength of undistributed soil
 To determine the stiffness , estimate the in-situ
CBR strength or material characteristics
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24. DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION TEST
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Dynamic cone penetrometer

25. TEST ON BITUMEN
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26. PENETRATION VALUE OF BITUMEN
 To determine the consistency of bituminous
material
 To measure the hardness or softness of bitumen
by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to
which a standard loaded needle will penetrate
vertically in 5 seconds.
 Suitability of bitumen for use under different climatic
conditions and various types of construction.
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27. PENETRATION VALUE OF BITUMEN
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Penetrometer

28. SOFTENING POINT OF BITUMINOUS
MATERIAL
 To determine the softening point of bitumen,
asphalt and coal tar.
 The determination of softening point helps to know
the temperature up to which a bituminous
binder should be heated for various road use
applications
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29. SOFTENING POINT OF BITUMINOUS
MATERIAL
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Ring and ball apparatus experimental set up

30. DUCTILITY OF BITUMEN
 To measure the ductility of bituminous materials
by measuring the elongation before breaking when
two ends of briquette specimens are pulled apart
at a specified speed and temperature.
 To determine the suitability of bitumen for its use in
road construction.
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31. DUCTILITY OF BITUMEN
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Briquette mould

32. FLASH AND FIRE POINT TEST
 Flash and Fire point test is conducted on bitumen to
know the safe mixing and application temperature
values of particular bitumen grade.
 Flash point : the temperature at which the vapour of
bitumen momentarily catches fire in the form of flash
under specified test conditions.
 Fire point : the lowest temperature under specified test
conditions at which the bituminous material gets ignited
and burns.
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33. Flash point stage of bitumen Fire point stage of bitumen
FLASH AND FIRE POINT TEST
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34. DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY OF
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL
 To determine the viscosity of bituminous material so
as to measure the ability of binder to spread , fill
up voids between the aggregates
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35. DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY OF
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL
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Tar viscometer

36. MERLIN TEST
 To determine the roughness index of pavement
surface
 The roughness of a road's surface is an important
measure of road condition and a key factor in
determining vehicle operating costs.
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37. MERLIN TEST
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38. MARSHALL TEST
 To get the optimum binder content for the
aggregate mix type and traffic intensity.
 To design the asphalt concrete mix using Marshall
method
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39. MARSHALL TEST
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Marshall sample
Marshall stability test
apparatus

40. THANK YOU
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