This document summarizes different methods of curing concrete and their effectiveness. It discusses that proper curing is crucial to obtaining design strength and maximum durability in concrete. Various curing methods are described, including ponding, fogging, wet coverings using burlap or impervious paper, membrane-forming compounds, internal curing using lightweight aggregates, leaving forms in place, and steam curing. Ponding and wet coverings using saturated materials are identified as most effective at maintaining moisture, while membrane compounds are more practical. The document concludes that curing method has a fundamental effect on concrete's mechanical properties and strengths. Immersion curing generally provides the best results.
Three materials were studied as internal curing agents: artificial fly ash and slag aggregates, drinking water treatment waste, and porous ceramic waste aggregates. Artificial fly ash and slag aggregates were made from fly ash or slag bonded with cement and cured to act as reservoirs for hydration water. Drinking water treatment waste and porous ceramic waste provided hydration water for cement. All three materials improved concrete properties like strength and reduced shrinkage when used to internally cure concrete, making them potential alternatives for field use depending on availability and exposure conditions.
An Experimental Stduies on Behaviour of Pervious Concrete by using Addition o...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of pervious concrete using additions of admixtures. Pervious concrete is a high porosity concrete that allows water to pass through, reducing runoff. The study examines adding fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as admixtures to increase strength. Different mix ratios and admixture percentages were tested. The results showed that additions of fly ash and GGBS up to 25% did not significantly affect compressive strength but did improve tensile strength and flexural strength. The study evaluated the properties and testing of the pervious concrete mixtures.
IRJET- Effect of Different Curing on Strength of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of different curing methods on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were cured using three methods - immersion (water curing), sprinkling, and plastic sheeting. Testing at 7 and 28 days found that water curing and sprinkling provided higher compressive strengths than plastic sheeting. Plastic sheeting allowed more drying, hindering the hydration process and reducing strength. Overall, water curing is recommended to achieve better compressive strength.
Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days.
Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic
cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines
concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is
becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems.
In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse
aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes
of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and
durability of pervious concrete are studied.
The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The
study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse
aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and
corresponding graphs are hence obtained
IRJET - A Review on the Effect of GGBS on Aerated Concrete Building BlocksIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of aerated concrete building blocks. It begins with an abstract that describes aerated concrete as a lightweight cement or lime mortar that contains air voids created using an aerating agent like aluminum powder. The document then reviews the classification, properties, and literature around aerated concrete blocks. It finds that aerated concrete blocks have advantages over conventional concrete blocks like reduced weight and improved insulation, but often have insufficient strength and high water absorption that can cause issues. The paper examines using ground granulated blast furnace slag to partially replace the cement in aerated concrete to address these issues.
Analysis the Characteristic Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of C...ijtsrd
Rice Husk Ash RHA is actually a byproduct of the industry specially agricultural that contains higher quantity of silicon dioxide SiO2 . With this analysis, for the very first time of the Middle East, in order to supply regular RHA, a specific furnace was designed as well as constructed. Afterwards, Efforts were made to figure out the optimum temperature as well as time period of burning up. Results indicate that temperature of 6500 centigrade as well as sixty minutes burning period are actually the very best combination. Subsequently different experiments had been carried away to establish attributes of concretes integrating the best possible RHA. These tests include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modules of elasticity, fast chloride as well as water permeability permeability check. Results indicate that concrete including RHA had greater compressive strength, splitting tensile strength as well as modulus of elasticity from different ages in contrast to that of the management concrete. Additionally, results indicate which RHA as an artificial pozzolanic content has improved the durability of RHA concretes as well as reduced the chloride diffusion. Sandeep Tak | Rajdeep Singh | Ashish Verma "Analysis the Characteristic Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement by Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25266.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/25266/analysis-the-characteristic-behaviour-of-concrete-by-partial-replacement-of-cement-by-rice-husk-ash-and-fly-ash/sandeep-tak
1. The document discusses foamed bitumen, which is produced by injecting water and air into hot liquid bitumen. It can be used as a binder to stabilize pavement materials.
2. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to analyze the effects of foamed bitumen on the mechanical properties and performance of pavement materials. Various factors that influence the properties and behavior of foamed bitumen mixtures are discussed based on literature reviews.
3. The conclusions indicate that foamed bitumen improves the strength, flexibility, and water resistance of pavement materials compared to plain bitumen. However, the properties of foamed bitumen are complex and dependent on multiple factors related to the bitumen, water content, and production process.
The document discusses the use of self-curing agents like water soluble polymeric glycol in concrete. Self-curing concrete cures itself without external water by absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. The study aims to determine the optimum dosage of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a self-curing agent under different curing conditions. PEG is added to concrete mixes to increase the density of water and reduce evaporation during curing. Test results show that concrete cubes cured with PEG have higher compressive strength of 33MPa compared to 28MPa for water-cured cubes after 28 days. The document concludes that self-curing concrete addresses issues with lack of proper curing.
Three materials were studied as internal curing agents: artificial fly ash and slag aggregates, drinking water treatment waste, and porous ceramic waste aggregates. Artificial fly ash and slag aggregates were made from fly ash or slag bonded with cement and cured to act as reservoirs for hydration water. Drinking water treatment waste and porous ceramic waste provided hydration water for cement. All three materials improved concrete properties like strength and reduced shrinkage when used to internally cure concrete, making them potential alternatives for field use depending on availability and exposure conditions.
An Experimental Stduies on Behaviour of Pervious Concrete by using Addition o...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of pervious concrete using additions of admixtures. Pervious concrete is a high porosity concrete that allows water to pass through, reducing runoff. The study examines adding fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as admixtures to increase strength. Different mix ratios and admixture percentages were tested. The results showed that additions of fly ash and GGBS up to 25% did not significantly affect compressive strength but did improve tensile strength and flexural strength. The study evaluated the properties and testing of the pervious concrete mixtures.
IRJET- Effect of Different Curing on Strength of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of different curing methods on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were cured using three methods - immersion (water curing), sprinkling, and plastic sheeting. Testing at 7 and 28 days found that water curing and sprinkling provided higher compressive strengths than plastic sheeting. Plastic sheeting allowed more drying, hindering the hydration process and reducing strength. Overall, water curing is recommended to achieve better compressive strength.
Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days.
Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic
cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines
concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is
becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems.
In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse
aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes
of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and
durability of pervious concrete are studied.
The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The
study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse
aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and
corresponding graphs are hence obtained
IRJET - A Review on the Effect of GGBS on Aerated Concrete Building BlocksIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of aerated concrete building blocks. It begins with an abstract that describes aerated concrete as a lightweight cement or lime mortar that contains air voids created using an aerating agent like aluminum powder. The document then reviews the classification, properties, and literature around aerated concrete blocks. It finds that aerated concrete blocks have advantages over conventional concrete blocks like reduced weight and improved insulation, but often have insufficient strength and high water absorption that can cause issues. The paper examines using ground granulated blast furnace slag to partially replace the cement in aerated concrete to address these issues.
Analysis the Characteristic Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of C...ijtsrd
Rice Husk Ash RHA is actually a byproduct of the industry specially agricultural that contains higher quantity of silicon dioxide SiO2 . With this analysis, for the very first time of the Middle East, in order to supply regular RHA, a specific furnace was designed as well as constructed. Afterwards, Efforts were made to figure out the optimum temperature as well as time period of burning up. Results indicate that temperature of 6500 centigrade as well as sixty minutes burning period are actually the very best combination. Subsequently different experiments had been carried away to establish attributes of concretes integrating the best possible RHA. These tests include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modules of elasticity, fast chloride as well as water permeability permeability check. Results indicate that concrete including RHA had greater compressive strength, splitting tensile strength as well as modulus of elasticity from different ages in contrast to that of the management concrete. Additionally, results indicate which RHA as an artificial pozzolanic content has improved the durability of RHA concretes as well as reduced the chloride diffusion. Sandeep Tak | Rajdeep Singh | Ashish Verma "Analysis the Characteristic Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement by Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25266.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/25266/analysis-the-characteristic-behaviour-of-concrete-by-partial-replacement-of-cement-by-rice-husk-ash-and-fly-ash/sandeep-tak
1. The document discusses foamed bitumen, which is produced by injecting water and air into hot liquid bitumen. It can be used as a binder to stabilize pavement materials.
2. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to analyze the effects of foamed bitumen on the mechanical properties and performance of pavement materials. Various factors that influence the properties and behavior of foamed bitumen mixtures are discussed based on literature reviews.
3. The conclusions indicate that foamed bitumen improves the strength, flexibility, and water resistance of pavement materials compared to plain bitumen. However, the properties of foamed bitumen are complex and dependent on multiple factors related to the bitumen, water content, and production process.
The document discusses the use of self-curing agents like water soluble polymeric glycol in concrete. Self-curing concrete cures itself without external water by absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. The study aims to determine the optimum dosage of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a self-curing agent under different curing conditions. PEG is added to concrete mixes to increase the density of water and reduce evaporation during curing. Test results show that concrete cubes cured with PEG have higher compressive strength of 33MPa compared to 28MPa for water-cured cubes after 28 days. The document concludes that self-curing concrete addresses issues with lack of proper curing.
Development of normal strength and high strength self curing concrete using s...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the development and comparison of normal strength and high strength self-curing concrete using super absorbing polymers (SAP) as self-curing agents. The study investigated the workability and strength characteristics of normal strength concrete grades M20, M30, M40 and high strength concrete grades M60, M70, M80 that were cast with self-curing agents. The concretes containing self-curing agents showed improved workability and achieved higher strength than conventionally cured concrete. The self-curing concrete also provided savings in water costs compared to conventionally cured concrete.
Internal Curing of Pervious Concrete using Lightweight AggregateDale Fisher
The document discusses using prewetted lightweight aggregates for internal curing of pervious concrete. It finds that mixtures containing fine lightweight aggregate had better workability, similar moisture loss, higher strength, improved freeze-thaw durability, and less shrinkage compared to a control mixture without lightweight aggregate. The degree of hydration was also significantly increased, demonstrating that lightweight aggregates can effectively provide internal curing to pervious concrete.
Variation of Sorptivity in Diverse Grades of Concrete Proportioned with Fly A...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the variation of sorptivity in different grades of concrete with additions of fly ash, wood husk ash, and rice husk ash. Sorptivity testing was performed on concrete cubes of M25, M30, and M35 mixes with different cement replacements (Type 1: 100% cement; Type 2: 90% cement + 10% fly ash; Type 3: 90% cement + 10% wood husk ash; Type 4: 90% cement + 10% rice husk ash). The study found that concrete with 10% cement replaced with wood husk ash (Type 3) had the lowest sorptivity values compared to the other mixes. In general, mixes with mineral admixt
This document discusses quality assurance for concrete construction. It covers ensuring concrete meets requirements for strength, permeability, thermal properties and cracking resistance. Factors like climate, temperature, chemicals and construction errors can affect concrete properties over time. Quality assurance involves proper design, materials selection, workmanship and documentation. It outlines responsibilities and ensures the structure will perform satisfactorily. The document also discusses concrete strength testing, permeability, thermal properties like conductivity and cracking classification. It examines how climate, temperature, chemicals can impact concrete durability.
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the strength of internally cured concrete using super absorbent polymers (SAP). Concrete mixtures were designed with different percentages of SAP as an internal curing agent to replace external curing. Specimens were tested to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at various curing periods. The results showed that concrete with 0.35% SAP provided better workability and 2% higher strength than conventionally externally cured concrete, indicating that internal curing using SAP can improve concrete properties without external curing.
This document discusses effective waterproofing. It begins by explaining how moisture enters structures through liquid water, vapor diffusion, and capillary action. It then describes concrete, noting that while durable, concrete is permeable and porous over time if exposed to moisture. The document emphasizes that moisture control is essential for building function, safety, and longevity. It differentiates between dampproofing, waterproofing, and vaporproofing systems and outlines various positive and negative side waterproofing systems that can be used below grade. Key factors in selecting appropriate waterproofing materials and systems are also summarized.
In the world of high performances, we need a different type of concrete to fulfill our expectations. Here is a type of concrete which the world needs to complete their engineering work immaculately.
Module on admixture , polymer and exposy resinsErankajKumar
The document discusses admixtures, polymers, and epoxy resins used in construction materials. It begins by defining admixtures as chemical compounds added to concrete mixes to modify properties such as workability, hydration rate, and strength. Common admixtures include accelerators, retarders, air-entrainers, and water reducers. The document then classifies and describes various admixture types and discusses their functions, advantages, and disadvantages. It provides details on specific admixture materials and how they affect concrete properties. The overall purpose is to educate civil engineering students on admixture fundamentals and applications in construction technology and management.
This document discusses self-curing concrete, which aims to provide internal moisture to allow for continued hydration of cement without external curing methods. It outlines that self-curing concrete uses saturated lightweight aggregate or polyethylene glycol to reduce moisture loss from the concrete surface. An experimental program tested the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of concrete mixes with varying dosages of polyethylene glycol added. The optimum dosages were found to be 1% for a M20 mix and 0.5% for a M40 mix, and self-curing concrete achieved strengths comparable to conventionally cured concrete.
The document presents a study on the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) as a self-curing agent in concrete. The objectives are to determine the optimum dosage of PEG600 to improve the compressive and split tensile strength of M20 grade concrete. Concrete cubes were cast with PEG600 dosages ranging from 0-2% by weight of cement and cured for 7 and 28 days. Test results found that concrete with 2% PEG600 dosage achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days, increasing it by 13.21% compared to conventional concrete. However, split tensile strength was reduced by up to 34.9% with increasing PEG600. The study concludes that PEG600 can be effectively
IPANEX is a liquid admixture added to concrete to make it waterproof by densifying its microstructure. It works by controlling hydration to produce a more homogeneous, fine-grained structure with smaller, more tortuous pores that restrict water penetration. Testing shows IPANEX concrete has significantly reduced permeability and chloride ion ingress. It provides advantages like increased strength, durability, corrosion resistance and waterproofness without organic chemicals that could degrade over time. IPANEX is recommended for applications requiring impermeable concrete under water pressure like foundations, tanks, and marine structures.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Once in a lifetime, an industry shift happens that changes everything. First, it was the invention of the wheel, then the invention of the nail.
Next came concrete - the staple of modern construction. But without reinforcement, concrete lacked durability. Thus came the dawn of the industrial steel-making age. Concrete was reinforced with steel rebars. However, without proper waterproofing, water was able to pass through the concrete and cause corrosion to the steel. External surface applied membranes were invented that acted as a glove to protect concrete from the water. Yet, membranes are at risk of tears which can allow water to penetrate the concrete.
Now there is Crystalline Technology. When added to concrete, Crystalline Technology chemically reacts with water and un-hydrated cement particles to form insoluble needle-shaped crystals that fill capillary pores and micro-cracks in the concrete and block the pathways for water and waterborne contaminants. Any moisture introduced over the lifespan of the concrete will initiate crystallization, ensuring permanent waterproofing protection.
To learn more contact us by going to https://bitly.im/CXdX6
This document discusses self-curing concrete as an alternative to traditional water curing methods. Self-curing concrete contains chemical compounds that restrict the mixing water from leaving the curing concrete, allowing hydration to continue. This eliminates the need for external water curing in remote areas or projects where water access is limited. Self-curing concrete provides benefits like higher strength, durability, and resistance to cracking compared to uncured concrete through its internal curing mechanism. It is a useful technique when traditional water curing is not feasible or economical.
The document discusses considerations for basement waterproofing and grades of watertightness. It explains that the intended use of the basement determines the appropriate grade and level of waterproofing. Higher grades, like grade 4, require measures like a ventilated cavity to ensure a completely dry environment for uses like archives. Common ways to waterproof include reinforced concrete design, waterproofing membranes, and cavity drain systems. Quality of workmanship is important for successful waterproofing.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the strength properties of pervious concrete compared to conventional concrete. Pervious concrete has a higher permeability due to its interconnected pore structure and lower cement content. Testing found that pervious concrete has a lower unit weight and compressive strength but higher void ratio than conventional concrete. The compressive strength of pervious concrete was 7 MPa, 15 MPa and 22 MPa at 3, 7 and 28 days respectively, compared to 28.22 MPa, 39.78 MPa and 46.5 MPa for conventional concrete. While pervious concrete is weaker, it provides environmental benefits such as reduced stormwater runoff and groundwater recharge.
A Study on Properties of Self-Curing Concrete using Polyethylene Glycol-400IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the properties of self-curing concrete using Polyethylene Glycol-400 (PEG-400). The study investigated the use of PEG-400 as a self-curing agent at dosages of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by weight of cement. Tests were conducted on M20, M30, and M40 grade concrete to evaluate compressive strength, workability, and water retention at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that PEG-400 improved the water retention capacity and increased compressive strength compared to conventionally cured concrete. A dosage of 1% PEG-400 was found to be optimal for M20
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fundamentals of Concrete Curing Methods in Construction Industry: A case stud...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on concrete curing methods in different climates and conditions. It discusses how curing is important for concrete hydration but often neglected in practice due to costs. Several studies are summarized that look at the effects of different curing methods like water spraying, burlap wrapping, and curing compounds in hot, cold, and variable climates. The research shows that proper curing can significantly improve concrete strength, permeability, shrinkage resistance, and durability, especially for high-performance concretes and those with supplementary cementitious materials. However, curing methods must be tailored to the specific climate and project conditions to be effective.
The influence of superabsorbent polymer beads used as internal curing agent o...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using superabsorbent polymer beads as an internal curing agent to improve the compressive strength of mortar. Internal curing provides additional internal water to continue cement hydration and reduce shrinkage cracking. Superabsorbent polymers are effective internal curing agents as they can absorb large amounts of water during mixing and release it later. The study aims to assess the impact of superabsorbent polymer beads on the compressive strength of mortar cured under different conditions (sealed, unsealed, pond, mist). Prior research on using superabsorbent polymers in concrete has shown mixed results, with some studies finding reduced compressive strength and others finding similar or improved strength compared to mixes without polymers.
REVIEW PAPER ON SELF-CURING CONCRETE USING BIO-ADMIXTURESIRJET Journal
The document discusses self-curing concrete that uses bio-admixtures to reduce the need for external water curing. It provides background on curing methods for traditional concrete and the benefits of self-curing concrete in addressing water scarcity issues. The research aims to investigate the effects of using Spinacia oleracea (palak) as a self-curing agent by analyzing the behavior and durability properties of resulting concrete mixes cured with different dosages of palak compared to conventionally cured concrete. A literature review covers past studies on the use of various materials as internal curing agents in self-curing concrete including their effects on strength and permeability.
Development of normal strength and high strength self curing concrete using s...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the development and comparison of normal strength and high strength self-curing concrete using super absorbing polymers (SAP) as self-curing agents. The study investigated the workability and strength characteristics of normal strength concrete grades M20, M30, M40 and high strength concrete grades M60, M70, M80 that were cast with self-curing agents. The concretes containing self-curing agents showed improved workability and achieved higher strength than conventionally cured concrete. The self-curing concrete also provided savings in water costs compared to conventionally cured concrete.
Internal Curing of Pervious Concrete using Lightweight AggregateDale Fisher
The document discusses using prewetted lightweight aggregates for internal curing of pervious concrete. It finds that mixtures containing fine lightweight aggregate had better workability, similar moisture loss, higher strength, improved freeze-thaw durability, and less shrinkage compared to a control mixture without lightweight aggregate. The degree of hydration was also significantly increased, demonstrating that lightweight aggregates can effectively provide internal curing to pervious concrete.
Variation of Sorptivity in Diverse Grades of Concrete Proportioned with Fly A...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the variation of sorptivity in different grades of concrete with additions of fly ash, wood husk ash, and rice husk ash. Sorptivity testing was performed on concrete cubes of M25, M30, and M35 mixes with different cement replacements (Type 1: 100% cement; Type 2: 90% cement + 10% fly ash; Type 3: 90% cement + 10% wood husk ash; Type 4: 90% cement + 10% rice husk ash). The study found that concrete with 10% cement replaced with wood husk ash (Type 3) had the lowest sorptivity values compared to the other mixes. In general, mixes with mineral admixt
This document discusses quality assurance for concrete construction. It covers ensuring concrete meets requirements for strength, permeability, thermal properties and cracking resistance. Factors like climate, temperature, chemicals and construction errors can affect concrete properties over time. Quality assurance involves proper design, materials selection, workmanship and documentation. It outlines responsibilities and ensures the structure will perform satisfactorily. The document also discusses concrete strength testing, permeability, thermal properties like conductivity and cracking classification. It examines how climate, temperature, chemicals can impact concrete durability.
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the strength of internally cured concrete using super absorbent polymers (SAP). Concrete mixtures were designed with different percentages of SAP as an internal curing agent to replace external curing. Specimens were tested to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at various curing periods. The results showed that concrete with 0.35% SAP provided better workability and 2% higher strength than conventionally externally cured concrete, indicating that internal curing using SAP can improve concrete properties without external curing.
This document discusses effective waterproofing. It begins by explaining how moisture enters structures through liquid water, vapor diffusion, and capillary action. It then describes concrete, noting that while durable, concrete is permeable and porous over time if exposed to moisture. The document emphasizes that moisture control is essential for building function, safety, and longevity. It differentiates between dampproofing, waterproofing, and vaporproofing systems and outlines various positive and negative side waterproofing systems that can be used below grade. Key factors in selecting appropriate waterproofing materials and systems are also summarized.
In the world of high performances, we need a different type of concrete to fulfill our expectations. Here is a type of concrete which the world needs to complete their engineering work immaculately.
Module on admixture , polymer and exposy resinsErankajKumar
The document discusses admixtures, polymers, and epoxy resins used in construction materials. It begins by defining admixtures as chemical compounds added to concrete mixes to modify properties such as workability, hydration rate, and strength. Common admixtures include accelerators, retarders, air-entrainers, and water reducers. The document then classifies and describes various admixture types and discusses their functions, advantages, and disadvantages. It provides details on specific admixture materials and how they affect concrete properties. The overall purpose is to educate civil engineering students on admixture fundamentals and applications in construction technology and management.
This document discusses self-curing concrete, which aims to provide internal moisture to allow for continued hydration of cement without external curing methods. It outlines that self-curing concrete uses saturated lightweight aggregate or polyethylene glycol to reduce moisture loss from the concrete surface. An experimental program tested the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of concrete mixes with varying dosages of polyethylene glycol added. The optimum dosages were found to be 1% for a M20 mix and 0.5% for a M40 mix, and self-curing concrete achieved strengths comparable to conventionally cured concrete.
The document presents a study on the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) as a self-curing agent in concrete. The objectives are to determine the optimum dosage of PEG600 to improve the compressive and split tensile strength of M20 grade concrete. Concrete cubes were cast with PEG600 dosages ranging from 0-2% by weight of cement and cured for 7 and 28 days. Test results found that concrete with 2% PEG600 dosage achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days, increasing it by 13.21% compared to conventional concrete. However, split tensile strength was reduced by up to 34.9% with increasing PEG600. The study concludes that PEG600 can be effectively
IPANEX is a liquid admixture added to concrete to make it waterproof by densifying its microstructure. It works by controlling hydration to produce a more homogeneous, fine-grained structure with smaller, more tortuous pores that restrict water penetration. Testing shows IPANEX concrete has significantly reduced permeability and chloride ion ingress. It provides advantages like increased strength, durability, corrosion resistance and waterproofness without organic chemicals that could degrade over time. IPANEX is recommended for applications requiring impermeable concrete under water pressure like foundations, tanks, and marine structures.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Once in a lifetime, an industry shift happens that changes everything. First, it was the invention of the wheel, then the invention of the nail.
Next came concrete - the staple of modern construction. But without reinforcement, concrete lacked durability. Thus came the dawn of the industrial steel-making age. Concrete was reinforced with steel rebars. However, without proper waterproofing, water was able to pass through the concrete and cause corrosion to the steel. External surface applied membranes were invented that acted as a glove to protect concrete from the water. Yet, membranes are at risk of tears which can allow water to penetrate the concrete.
Now there is Crystalline Technology. When added to concrete, Crystalline Technology chemically reacts with water and un-hydrated cement particles to form insoluble needle-shaped crystals that fill capillary pores and micro-cracks in the concrete and block the pathways for water and waterborne contaminants. Any moisture introduced over the lifespan of the concrete will initiate crystallization, ensuring permanent waterproofing protection.
To learn more contact us by going to https://bitly.im/CXdX6
This document discusses self-curing concrete as an alternative to traditional water curing methods. Self-curing concrete contains chemical compounds that restrict the mixing water from leaving the curing concrete, allowing hydration to continue. This eliminates the need for external water curing in remote areas or projects where water access is limited. Self-curing concrete provides benefits like higher strength, durability, and resistance to cracking compared to uncured concrete through its internal curing mechanism. It is a useful technique when traditional water curing is not feasible or economical.
The document discusses considerations for basement waterproofing and grades of watertightness. It explains that the intended use of the basement determines the appropriate grade and level of waterproofing. Higher grades, like grade 4, require measures like a ventilated cavity to ensure a completely dry environment for uses like archives. Common ways to waterproof include reinforced concrete design, waterproofing membranes, and cavity drain systems. Quality of workmanship is important for successful waterproofing.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the strength properties of pervious concrete compared to conventional concrete. Pervious concrete has a higher permeability due to its interconnected pore structure and lower cement content. Testing found that pervious concrete has a lower unit weight and compressive strength but higher void ratio than conventional concrete. The compressive strength of pervious concrete was 7 MPa, 15 MPa and 22 MPa at 3, 7 and 28 days respectively, compared to 28.22 MPa, 39.78 MPa and 46.5 MPa for conventional concrete. While pervious concrete is weaker, it provides environmental benefits such as reduced stormwater runoff and groundwater recharge.
A Study on Properties of Self-Curing Concrete using Polyethylene Glycol-400IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the properties of self-curing concrete using Polyethylene Glycol-400 (PEG-400). The study investigated the use of PEG-400 as a self-curing agent at dosages of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by weight of cement. Tests were conducted on M20, M30, and M40 grade concrete to evaluate compressive strength, workability, and water retention at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that PEG-400 improved the water retention capacity and increased compressive strength compared to conventionally cured concrete. A dosage of 1% PEG-400 was found to be optimal for M20
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Fundamentals of Concrete Curing Methods in Construction Industry: A case stud...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on concrete curing methods in different climates and conditions. It discusses how curing is important for concrete hydration but often neglected in practice due to costs. Several studies are summarized that look at the effects of different curing methods like water spraying, burlap wrapping, and curing compounds in hot, cold, and variable climates. The research shows that proper curing can significantly improve concrete strength, permeability, shrinkage resistance, and durability, especially for high-performance concretes and those with supplementary cementitious materials. However, curing methods must be tailored to the specific climate and project conditions to be effective.
The influence of superabsorbent polymer beads used as internal curing agent o...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using superabsorbent polymer beads as an internal curing agent to improve the compressive strength of mortar. Internal curing provides additional internal water to continue cement hydration and reduce shrinkage cracking. Superabsorbent polymers are effective internal curing agents as they can absorb large amounts of water during mixing and release it later. The study aims to assess the impact of superabsorbent polymer beads on the compressive strength of mortar cured under different conditions (sealed, unsealed, pond, mist). Prior research on using superabsorbent polymers in concrete has shown mixed results, with some studies finding reduced compressive strength and others finding similar or improved strength compared to mixes without polymers.
REVIEW PAPER ON SELF-CURING CONCRETE USING BIO-ADMIXTURESIRJET Journal
The document discusses self-curing concrete that uses bio-admixtures to reduce the need for external water curing. It provides background on curing methods for traditional concrete and the benefits of self-curing concrete in addressing water scarcity issues. The research aims to investigate the effects of using Spinacia oleracea (palak) as a self-curing agent by analyzing the behavior and durability properties of resulting concrete mixes cured with different dosages of palak compared to conventionally cured concrete. A literature review covers past studies on the use of various materials as internal curing agents in self-curing concrete including their effects on strength and permeability.
IRJET- Analysis of Compressive Strength of Self Curing Concrete Made using Po...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the compressive strength of self-curing concrete made using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400). PEG400 is used as an internal curing compound to prevent moisture loss from concrete and allow for more complete hydration. Tests were conducted on M20 grade concrete with 0-1.5% PEG400 by weight of cement. Results found that 0.5-1% PEG400 concrete had higher 7 and 28-day compressive strengths than plain concrete, with less cracking. PEG400 improved workability and water retention, allowing for better strength development over time compared to traditional curing methods.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engineering Properties of Hollow Concret...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the engineering properties of hollow concrete blocks reinforced with basalt fibre. Basalt fibre is added to hollow concrete blocks in amounts of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume of cement to study its effect on compressive strength. Testing shows that with increased basalt fibre content, the compressive strength and density of the hollow blocks increases while water absorption decreases, with the 1.5% fibre content blocks performing best. The aim is to reduce cracking in hollow concrete block walls through the addition of basalt fibre.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF M50 GRADE...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on the effect of mechanical properties of M50 grade concrete with partial replacement of sand with copper slag. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage of polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) to be added to self-curing concrete and examines how replacing sand with copper slag in various percentages affects the compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixes. Experimental results from previous studies on self-curing concrete and use of copper slag in concrete are discussed. The experimental procedure and materials used including cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, PEG-4000, and copper slag are described.
Experimental Study on Self- Curing ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on self-curing concrete. The study investigated the effects of adding shrinkage reducing admixtures like super absorbent polymer and polyvinyl alcohol on the mechanical properties of concrete. Testing was conducted on M30 grade concrete with partial replacement of cement with pond ash ranging from 0-30%. Tests measured the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of specimens at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength increased with the addition of super absorbent polymer up to 0.5% and polyvinyl alcohol up to 0.5% compared to conventional concrete without admixtures.
IRJET- Internal Curing of Concrete using Pre Wetted Light Weight AggregatesIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the use of pre-wetted lightweight aggregates for internal curing of concrete to improve its properties. It found that replacing 10% of coarse aggregates with expanded clay led to higher compressive strength, split tensile strength, and degree of hydration compared to normal concrete due to the water stored in the lightweight aggregates helping to cure the concrete from within. The optimum replacement was found to be 10% lightweight aggregate, beyond which strengths started decreasing. Internal curing produced a denser microstructure and reduced cracking compared to traditional external curing.
Non structural Light weight concrete using combined mix of expanded polystyre...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on producing lightweight concrete using a combination of expanded polystyrene beads and expanded clay aggregates. The study aims to develop an optimized mix design for M20 grade lightweight concrete. Various mixes were produced by replacing coarse aggregates with different percentages of expanded clay aggregates and polystyrene beads. The mixes were then tested to evaluate properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The results showed that using fly ash and GGBS reduced water demand and shrinkage but also reduced compressive strength by 25-50%. In general, the lightweight concrete produced had a density less than 1800kg/m3 and compressive strengths up to 36.19MPa, making it a viable material for construction
IRJET-Study on Foamed Concrete with Polyurethane as Foaming AgentIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on foamed concrete using polyurethane as a foaming agent. The study tested the properties of foamed concrete with and without fly ash under different curing conditions. Fresh and hardened properties were evaluated including compressive strength, shrinkage, and elastic modulus. Results showed that foamed concrete mixes containing fly ash had better workability and higher compressive strengths compared to mixes without fly ash. Curing conditions also affected properties, with water curing generally providing highest strengths. The study aimed to evaluate foamed concrete as a sustainable building material.
Effect of Controlled Permeable Formwork on ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of controlled permeable formwork (CPF) on concrete properties. CPF is a formwork liner that allows air and excess water to drain from the concrete surface while retaining cement and fine particles. This improves the quality of the surface zone by reducing pores and increasing strength. The document reviews several studies that found CPF produced a denser, stronger surface zone with fewer defects, improved durability, and reduced water and chloride permeability compared to conventional impermeable formwork. CPF drains air and water migrating to the form due to vibration and pressure, resulting in a lower water-cement ratio and increased cement content in the surface zone.
Evaluation of Saturated Conditioned Concrete Cubes by Initial Surface Absorpt...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on evaluating saturated concrete cubes using an Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). Seventy-two concrete cubes with different mixture proportions were prepared and tested. The objectives were to examine how ISAT values are influenced by conditioning, time, water-cement ratio, and concrete grade. ISAT was performed on saturated conditioned cubes to characterize near-surface absorption for different mixtures. Results showed ISAT values increased at initial time points for lower strength mixtures, and decreased over time. Charts were developed to provide a better assessment of normal strength concrete permeability using ISAT.
Concrete is a versatile building material that is strong, durable, and resistant to fire and corrosion. It is made by mixing cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, and water. As the cement hydrates, it hardens and binds the aggregates together. The document discusses the properties of concrete's constituent materials and how they affect the properties of hardened concrete, such as strength, permeability, thermal properties, and cracking. It also covers quality assurance measures like quality control plans, testing, and audits to ensure high quality concrete construction.
1. The document presents research on developing floating concrete with densities under 1000 kg/m3 to address land shortage issues through the creation of floating islands.
2. Seven mixes of floating concrete were developed using different lightweight aggregates, cement, fly ash, glass fibers, and air entraining agents. Densities ranged from 700-1000 kg/m3.
3. Testing of the mixes found that densities under 1000 kg/m3 allowed the concrete to float while also achieving compressive strengths up to 10.4 MPa, indicating potential for structural use at a lower cost than conventional concrete.
This document discusses the use of pervious concrete in pavements. It begins by defining pervious concrete as a type of concrete that allows water to pass through it, reducing stormwater runoff. It then outlines some of the key benefits of using pervious concrete pavements, such as lowering runoff volumes, improving water quality, and replenishing groundwater.
The document proceeds to describe the typical components that make up pervious concrete - coarse aggregate, cement, water, and sometimes fine aggregate or fly ash. It provides details on the roles and properties of each component. Finally, it reviews several previous studies that have demonstrated the successful use of pervious concrete in applications like parking lots, walkways and low-traffic
Curing is the process of controlling the rate and extent of moisture loss from concrete during cement hydration. It is important to cure concrete for a reasonable period of time, such as days or weeks, to allow hydration to occur and for the concrete to achieve its potential strength and durability. There are several curing methods, including impermeable membrane curing using plastic sheeting or curing compounds to minimize moisture loss, and water curing through ponding, sprinkling, or wet coverings to continuously wet the exposed concrete surface and prevent moisture loss. The appropriate curing method depends on factors like the type of concrete member, the environment, and whether formwork can be retained.
IRJET- Evaluation of Concrete Properties with Impregnated Different PolymersIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that evaluated the properties of concrete impregnated with different polymers. M30 grade concrete was prepared with polymers like SBR latex, polycarboxylate ether (PCE), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The study tested the workability, strength, compaction, and flexural strength of the concrete mixes. Polymers can enhance concrete properties by reducing the water-cement ratio and improving hydration. The objective was to determine the effects of these different polymer types on the plasticity, curing, and strength of the concrete.
EFFECT OF PRE-SLASH SOAKED LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES AND SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMER...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the use of internal curing agents like pre-soaked lightweight aggregates and super absorbent polymers to improve the properties of concrete. M25 concrete mixes were prepared by replacing sand with 6%, 12%, 18% vermiculite and cement with 0.245%, 0.345%, 0.445% super absorbent polymer. Cubes, beams and cylinders were cast and tested at 7, 14, 28 days to determine compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength. The results showed that internal curing improved the strength properties of concrete compared to conventionally cured concrete. Prior studies also found maximum improvement in strength at around 5% vermiculite replacement and 0.35% super absorbent
IRJET- Durability Study on Behaviour of Integral Crystalline Water Proofing C...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the use of integral crystalline waterproofing concrete to improve the durability and water resistance of concrete structures.
2) Crystalline waterproofing agents are added to concrete to form crystals that fill pores, cracks and capillaries, blocking the movement of water through the concrete and making it waterproof from the inside.
3) Tests were conducted using different partial replacements of cement with fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag and rice husk ash, along with a 2% addition of crystalline waterproofing agent. The compressive strengths at 7, 14 and 28 days were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the integral waterproofing concrete mixes.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.