This document provides an introduction and overview of energy audits. It discusses the different types of energy audits including walk-through, detailed, internal, external, IT, and utility audits. It describes the purpose of audits to systematically evaluate energy usage in buildings, plants, or organizations to identify opportunities for improved energy efficiency. The document also outlines the roles of energy auditors and managers and highlights key areas covered in different types of audits such as electrical, mechanical, thermal, and industrial systems.

1. INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY AUDIT
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER VIKAS KUMAR PATHAK
CONTACT NO:- 09467871809, 0889617157
EMAIL ID :- KUMARVIKASM786@GMAIL.COM (OFFICIAL) ,
VVVJOHNTIGER@GMAIL.COM ( FACEBOOK)

2. AUDIT
 It is an evaluation of a person, organization,
system process, enterprise, project or product.
It includes quality management , water
management, and energy conservation.
2
2/20/2014

3. AUDITING
 It is defined as a systematic and independent
examination of data statements , records ,
operations, and performance of an enterprise
for a purpose.
3
2/20/2014

4. ENERGY AUDITS
 Energy audits can be defined as the first steps
towards understanding how energy is being used
in given facility . Energy audit is a systematic study or survey
to identify how energy is being used in a building or plant, and
identifies energy savings opportunities.
Energy audits do not provide the final answer
to problems . But it is helpful to identify the
improvement.
In India 48% of the total commercial energy
consumption.
4
2/20/2014

5. STAGES OF ENERGY AUDITS
5
2/20/2014

6. NEED OF ENERGY AUDITS
 Minimizing energy wastage.
 Optimizing energy efficiency with suitable
technology.
 Using the most appropriate energy resources (for
examples electricity , fossil fuels, and renewable),
with due to regards to environmental benefits.
 Buying energy at most economical price.
6
2/20/2014

7. NEED OF ENERGY AUDITS
 Modifying operations , whenever feasible, to
make the use of energy price structures.
 Involvement , training , and raising awareness of
staff.
 Continuous monitoring to ensure that energy use
remains within predetermined limits.
7
2/20/2014

8. ENERGY AUDITOR
 Energy auditor who will be allowed to conduct the
mandatory audit under the energy conservation
act 2001.
 Responsibilities and duties of accredited energy
auditor are highlighted below: Carryout a detailed energy audit.
 Quantify energy consumption and establish base
line energy information.
8
2/20/2014

9. ENERGY AUDITOR
 Construct energy and material balance.
 Perform efficiency evaluation of energy & utility
system.
 Compare energy norms with existing energy
consumption level.
 Identify and prioritizations of energy saving
norms.
 Analyse technical and financial feasibility of
energy saving measures.
9
2/20/2014

10. ENERGY AUDITOR
 Recommend energy efficient technologies and
alternate energy sources.
 Report writing , presentation and follow up the
implementation.
10
2/20/2014

11. ENERGY MANAGERS
 Certified energy manager is a professional
certification issued by the association of energy
engineer.
 Professional becomes eligible for this certification
after demonstrating expertise in several areas
ranging from standard, air quality energy audits,
lighting , procurement and even financing.
11
2/20/2014

12. WORKING AREA OF ENERGY
MANAGERS
 Codes and standards and indoor air quality.
 Energy accounting and economics.
 Energy audits and instrumentation.
 Alternative finance
 Boiler and steam systems.
 Building automation and control system.
 Building envelope.
 C HP Systems and renewable energy.
12
2/20/2014

13. WORKING AREA OF ENERGY
MANAGERS
 Electrical system.
 Energy procurement.
 Green building, LEED and Energy star.
 HVAC system.
 Industrial system.
 Maintain and commissioning.
 Motor and drives.
 Thermal energy storage systems.
 Lighting systems.
13
2/20/2014

14. ENERGY AUDITING FOR
INDUSTRIES
















14
The following sectors have been identified as energy intensive industries, and
other establishments as designated consumers.
Aluminium
Fertilizers
Iron and steel
Cement
Pulp and paper
Chlor-alkali
Sugar
Textile
Chemicals
Railways
Port trust
Transport sectors ( industries and services)
Petrochemicals, gas crackers, naphtha crackers and petroleum refineries
Thermal power generation , hydro power generation , and electricity transmission
distribution
Commercial buildings and establishment s
2/20/2014

15. ENERGY AUDITING FOR
INDUSTRIES
 Among the above industries , the units having a
connected load of 5 MW (mega watts) and above
or an energy consumption of about 30,000 tonnes
of oil equivalent per year, would be notified.
 For commercial building , these values are a
connected load of 500 KW (kilo watts) or contract
demand of 600 kVA (kilovolt ampere) and above.
 These industrial units would have to get energy
audits conducted by accredited auditors , and
implement the recommendations, , which are
techno- economically viable.
15
2/20/2014

16. Benefits of energy audit for energy
savings potentials in industries:INDUSTRY
Saving Potential %
Iron and Steel
Fertilizer
15
Textile
25
Cement
15
Paper
25
Aluminum
16
10
10
Sugar,
Petrochemicals
Refineries
20
15
10
2/20/2014

17. Potential for Energy Conservation –
Commercial Sector:Saving estimate %
End-Use
Lighting
Cooling
Up to 50
Ventilation
50
Heating
15 - 40
Refrigeration
15 - 40
Water Heating
17
Up to 50
40 - 60
Miscellaneous
10 - 30
2/20/2014

18. Potential for Energy Conservation –
Residential Sector:End Use
Lighting
20 - 50
Cooling / Ventilation
15 -50
Refrigeration
15 - 40
Water heating equipment
20 -70
Miscellaneous Equipment
18
Saving estimate %
10
2/20/2014

19. Areas covered under Electrical audit
are: Electrical System :
 • Electrical Distribution system (substation & feeders








19
study)
• PF Improvement study
• Capacitor performance
• Transformer optimization
• Cable sizing & loss reduction
• Motor loading survey
• Lighting system
• Electrical heating & melting furnaces
• Electric ovens
2/20/2014

20. Areas covered under Mechanical
audit are : Mechanical System :  • Fans & Blowers
 • Exhaust & ventilation System
 • Pumps and pumping System
 • Compressed air System
 • Air Conditioning & Refrigeration System
 • Cooling Tower System
20
2/20/2014

21. Areas covered under Thermal energy
audit are : Thermal energy system :-
• Steam Generation Boilers
 • Steam Audit and Conversation
 • Steam Trap Survey
 • Condensate Recovery System
 • Insulation Survey
 • Energy and Material Balance for Unit
operation
 • Heat Exchanger
 • Waste Heat Recovery System
21
2/20/2014

22. Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on
energy conservation and energy efficient
technologies and products : BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency ) has done
tremendous work in creating awareness on
energy conservation , establishing case studies
for different industries , promoting innovative
financing mechanisms for energy efficiency
projects , energy labelling , accrediting
organizations for energy audits , and conducting
examinations for accrediting the energy auditors
and energy managers.
22
2/20/2014

23. Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy
conservation and energy efficient technologies and
products : CPRI (central power research institute) has been




23
carrying out energy audit & energy conservation
studies since 1988 and have completed energy
audit in:75 power stations
70 energy intensive industries
60 majors buildings
10 ports
2/20/2014

24. Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy
conservation and energy efficient technologies and products
:-
 The govt. Efforts for energy conservation are also
supplemented by the NPC ( national productivity
council), NGOs like TERI ( the energy resources
institute), and industries associations such as
ASSOCHAM , CII , FICCI and PHDCCI.
24
2/20/2014

25. TYPES OF ENERGY AUDIT
 Energy audit can be categorized into two types,
namely walk-through or preliminary and detail audit.
 Walk-through or preliminary audit
 Detailed Energy audit
25
2/20/2014

26. Walk-through or preliminary audit
 Walk-through or preliminary audit comprises one day or half-day
visit to a plant and the output is a simple report based on
observation and historical data provided during the visit. The
findings will be a general comment based on rule-of-thumbs,
energy best practices or the manufacturer's data.
 This audit can be divided into three steps : Step1 :- identifies the quantity and cost of various
energy forms used in the plant .
 Step 2:-identifies energy consumption at the
department /process level.
 Step3 :- relates energy inputs to production (
output),there by highlighting energy wastage in
major equipment /processes.
26
2/20/2014

27. Detail energy audit or general energy
audit
 Detail audit is carried out for the energy savings proposal
recommended in walk-through or preliminary audit. It will
provide technical solution options and economic analysis
for the factory management to decide project
implementation or priority. A feasibility study will be
required to determine the viability of each option.
 Under this audit are focused on energy saving ,
energy balance of major energy consuming
equipment, replacement proposals. The duration
of this audit for study a project / plant lies
between 3 months to a year.
27
2/20/2014

28. Energy Services Companies
(ESCOS)
 Energy services companies (ESCOs) are single point providers




28
of energy solutions to the industry.
ESCOs are to carry out energy audits, identify the feasible
options for saving energy, arrange finance and implement energy
efficiency projects.
This would help understand energy needs of industrial clients
and come up with solutions that can be implemented without the
clients incurring production losses. Therefore ESCOs allow
clients to minimize financial risks associated with energy
efficiency projects.
However, the growth of ESCOs has not taken off in India,
primarily because industries are wary of fly-by-night operators
who are only keen to maximize their profits without sufficient
dedication to services they would provide.
While for ESCOs problems of establishing baselines would make
risks associated with energy efficiency projects high.
2/20/2014

29. Internal audit
 Internal auditing is an independent,
objective assurance and consulting activity designed to
add value and improve an organization's operations.
 It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by
bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to
evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk
management, control, and governance processes.
 Internal auditors work for government agencies
(federal, state and local); for publicly traded
companies; and for non-profit companies across all
industries. Internal auditing departments are led by
a Chief Audit Executive ("CAE") who generally reports
to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
29
2/20/2014

30. External (Statutory) Audit
o All companies registered in India are required to
30
get their Financial Statements audited by
Chartered Accountants under the Indian
Companies Act.
o These audits are undertaken in accordance with
the Indian Accounting Standards and guidelines
issued from time to time by the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India.
o Additionally, Companies which have a turnover
over a specified amount are also required to have
their records audited by Chartered Accountants
under the Indian Income Tax Act.
2/20/2014

31. External vs. Internal Auditing
 External auditing is often called independent auditing
because it is done by certified public accountants who
are independent of the organization being audited.
 External auditors represent the interests of third-party
stakeholders in the organization, such as
stockholders, creditors, and government agencies.
 Because the focus of external audit is on financial
statements, this type of audit is called financial audit
 Institute of Internal Auditors defines internal
auditing as an independent appraisal function
established within an organization to examine
and evaluate its activities
31
2/20/2014

32. External vs. Internal Auditing
 Internal auditors perform a wide range of activities on
behalf of the organization, including conducting
financial audits, examining an operation’s compliance
with organizational policies, reviewing the
organization’s compliance with legal obligations,
evaluating operational efficiency, detecting and
pursuing fraud within the firm, and conducting IT
audits.
 While external auditors represent outsiders, internal
32
auditors represent the interests of the organization.
 Internal auditors often cooperate with and assist external
auditors in performing financial audits.
 This is done to achieve audit efficiency and reduce audit
fees. For example, a team of internal auditors can perform
tests of computer controls under the supervision of a2/20/2014
single
external auditor.

33. Information Technology (IT) Audit
 Focus on the computer-based aspects of an
organization’s information system
 This includes assessing the proper
implementation, operation, and control of
computer resources
33
2/20/2014

34. Investment grade energy audit (IGEA
)
 It is a process of accounting & analyzing the present
34
energy consumption to identify potential energy
saving possibilities through implementation and
adoption of specific energy efficient methods,
measures and technologies.
 Objective of IGEA :- The main objective of the
investment grade energy audit is to review the
present energy consumption scenario, monitoring and
analysis of use of energy and explore the energy
consumption options in various load centres of the
building including submission of a detailed project
report containing recommendations for improving
energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis . Under a
BEE funded project IGEA of 26 selected government
office buildings and establishments have been 2/20/2014
conducted in last 2 years.

35. Industrial energy audit
 Industrial energy audit have exploded as the






35
demand to lower increasingly expensive energy
costs and moves towards a sustainable future
have made energy audits greatly improvement .
Area under the industrial energy audit :Comprehensive audits of all sectors of industries:Energy (electrical & thermal)
Water
Electrical safety
Capacity building
2/20/2014

36. Benefits of industrial energy audit
 Energy savings
 Avoiding power factor penalties and






36
environmental compliance cost
Quality improvement
Productivity improvement
Reduced maintains
Fewer breakdown
Better safety and protection
A process for repeatable improvement
2/20/2014

37. Utility (services) energy audit
 Industry research indicates that 6-10 % of utility bills




37
have errors that can amount of millions of dollors in
unnecessary expenses. Companies are challenged to
avoid these costly billing mistakes across facilities
serviced by various utility companies , identifying and
corresponding errors can yield immediate savings.
Benefits of bill auditing services:Comprehensive analysis that establishes bare lines
and identifies overbillings.
On going monitoring of billing to avoid costly errors.
Communication with client on a regular basis ,
outlining progress to update and up coming activities.
2/20/2014

38. ISO standards for energy audit
 Iso 9001 : 2008 – quality management system
 Iso 14001 :2004 – environmental management





38
systems
OHSAS 18001 – Occupational health and safety
management systems
Iso 22000 – food safety
Iso TS/16949 :2002 – quality management
system for design and development , production.
Iso 50001 – energy management
Iso 50001 :2011 – energy management system
2/20/2014

39. Commercial Energy Audit
 The term energy audit appears to refer to two distinct
things: An energy audit is the process of having a
professional energy auditor assess your building for
energy savings opportunities.
 . The term energy audit also is used to refer to the
result of the energy assessment process, the energy
audit report. We will try to keep these terms separate
by referring to the report as an “energy audit report.”
 A commercial energy audit is a comprehensive
building analysis performed by a professional
architecture or engineering firm. The firm audits the
entire building to determine machines that use energy
(like lighting, boilers, AC units, water heaters, etc.)
and any installed measures working to conserve it
(like the insulation, air sealing, and windows). The
audit usually takes between 2-4 weeks to complete
39
2/20/2014

40. HOME OR RESIDENTIAL ENERGY
AUDIT
 A home energy audit (or survey) evaluates an existing






40

home to determine where and how energy is being lost,
what systems are operating inefficiently and what costeffective improvements can be implemented to enhance
occupant comfort, make the home more durable and lower
utility costs
Area includes under residential energy audit :Building envelope features (windows, doors, insulation,
ducts) and ages
Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment types,
characteristics and ages
Appliance and lighting characteristics
Comfort complaints
Visible moisture issues
Visible health and safety issues
2/20/2014

41. Keep smiling
Thank you for your
great support
Dreams never die
,always alive yourself
to complete them.
41
2/20/2014