This document discusses energy conservation basics and India's energy consumption. It defines different types of energy and provides details on world energy consumption and India's energy sources. It discusses the importance of energy audits for industries, commercial buildings, homes and utilities. Energy audits identify opportunities to reduce energy use and costs. The government of India is promoting energy conservation and efficiency through organizations like BEE and CPRI that conduct energy audits and research.
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Energy Auditing/ Energy conservation ppt by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Unit-1:
PPT for Energy Conservation Subject (Updated Aug,2018).
1. INTRODUCTION
In the future, the cost of energy will increase due to environmental problems and limited resources. The electric motor consumes major part of the electric energy in the industry. The induction motor is the main driven system in the modern industrial society. It would also reduce the production of greenhouse gases and push down the total environmental cost of electricity generation. Also these motors can reduce maintenance costs and improve operation in industry. Energy efficient motors use less electricity, run cooler, and often last longer than NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) B motors of the same size.
Motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Inefficient electric motors waste electrical energy and therefore cost more to operate. Since most electricity is generated from fossil-fuelled power plants, motors and motor-driven systems are also indirect contributors to greenhouse gas emissions produced by these plants. Hence, there are compelling economic and environmental reasons to increase the use of energy efficient motors.
The presentation highlights the following :
a) Current status of Renewable Energy in India
b) The issue of duck curve due to high volume of solar energy
c) Demand increase due to Electric Vehicle (EV) will lead to more demand for Renewable Energy
d) Global & Indian Market Scenario for Electric Vehicle (EV)
e) Recommendation of Niti Aayog for development of Electric Vehicle (EV) market in India
types of the hybrid vehicle are discussed, series, parallel, complex, series-parallel, micro-hybrid, mild hybrid, full hybrid, and complex hybrid is discussed
Energy scenario in india and its energy conservation programJyoti Singh
Energy is essential for Economic growth and economic growth is essential for country like India.
Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator for Economics growth.
Economic growth of country
is depend upon rate of
improvement in per capita
energy consumption.
India is both a major producer and consumer.
India currently ranked 11th greatest energy producer accounting 2.4% of world’s total energy production and as the world’s 6th greatest energy consumer.
Despite its large annual energy production, India is a net energy importer, mostly due to imbalance between oil production and consumption.
The utility electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 278.734 GW as of 30 September 2015. Renewable Power plants constituted 28% of total installed capacity and Non-Renewable Power Plants constituted the remaining 72%.
During the year 2014-15, the per capita electricity generation in India was 1,010 kWh with total electricity consumption (utilities and non utilities) of 938.823 billion or 746 kWh per capita electricity consumption.
Electric Energy Consumption in agriculture was recorded highest (18.45%) in 2014-15 among all countries.
These slides present at an introduction level about the demand side management and demand response in smart micro-grid system. Later mathematical modelling and detail on optimization techniques will be covered.
1. general energy use problems & energy auditneetu meena
presentation is related to energy conservation and management, topics include conservation policy, energy crisis and methods to mitigate it, energy audit, energy reporting monitoring and energy management co-ordinator, General energy Problem: Energy use patterns and scope for conservation
Energy audit: Energy monitoring
Energy accounting and analysis
Auditing and targeting
Energy conservation policy
Energy management & audit, Energy audit, Types of energy audit, Targeted Energy Audits, Preliminary Energy Audit, Detailed Energy Audit, Energy management (audit), qualities and function of energy managers, language of an energy manager Methods to mitigate Energy crises, Energy Strategy for Future, Questionnaire, Checklist for top management, India Energy Scenario, Loss of energy in material flow, energy performance, World energy scenario, Maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing, input energy requirements, Energy auditing instruments, Material load energy balance diagram,Use of Energy, Energy crises, Causes of the Energy Crisis, Energy demand and availability
Energy Auditing/ Energy conservation ppt by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Unit-1:
PPT for Energy Conservation Subject (Updated Aug,2018).
1. INTRODUCTION
In the future, the cost of energy will increase due to environmental problems and limited resources. The electric motor consumes major part of the electric energy in the industry. The induction motor is the main driven system in the modern industrial society. It would also reduce the production of greenhouse gases and push down the total environmental cost of electricity generation. Also these motors can reduce maintenance costs and improve operation in industry. Energy efficient motors use less electricity, run cooler, and often last longer than NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) B motors of the same size.
Motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Inefficient electric motors waste electrical energy and therefore cost more to operate. Since most electricity is generated from fossil-fuelled power plants, motors and motor-driven systems are also indirect contributors to greenhouse gas emissions produced by these plants. Hence, there are compelling economic and environmental reasons to increase the use of energy efficient motors.
The presentation highlights the following :
a) Current status of Renewable Energy in India
b) The issue of duck curve due to high volume of solar energy
c) Demand increase due to Electric Vehicle (EV) will lead to more demand for Renewable Energy
d) Global & Indian Market Scenario for Electric Vehicle (EV)
e) Recommendation of Niti Aayog for development of Electric Vehicle (EV) market in India
types of the hybrid vehicle are discussed, series, parallel, complex, series-parallel, micro-hybrid, mild hybrid, full hybrid, and complex hybrid is discussed
Energy scenario in india and its energy conservation programJyoti Singh
Energy is essential for Economic growth and economic growth is essential for country like India.
Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator for Economics growth.
Economic growth of country
is depend upon rate of
improvement in per capita
energy consumption.
India is both a major producer and consumer.
India currently ranked 11th greatest energy producer accounting 2.4% of world’s total energy production and as the world’s 6th greatest energy consumer.
Despite its large annual energy production, India is a net energy importer, mostly due to imbalance between oil production and consumption.
The utility electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 278.734 GW as of 30 September 2015. Renewable Power plants constituted 28% of total installed capacity and Non-Renewable Power Plants constituted the remaining 72%.
During the year 2014-15, the per capita electricity generation in India was 1,010 kWh with total electricity consumption (utilities and non utilities) of 938.823 billion or 746 kWh per capita electricity consumption.
Electric Energy Consumption in agriculture was recorded highest (18.45%) in 2014-15 among all countries.
These slides present at an introduction level about the demand side management and demand response in smart micro-grid system. Later mathematical modelling and detail on optimization techniques will be covered.
1. general energy use problems & energy auditneetu meena
presentation is related to energy conservation and management, topics include conservation policy, energy crisis and methods to mitigate it, energy audit, energy reporting monitoring and energy management co-ordinator, General energy Problem: Energy use patterns and scope for conservation
Energy audit: Energy monitoring
Energy accounting and analysis
Auditing and targeting
Energy conservation policy
Energy management & audit, Energy audit, Types of energy audit, Targeted Energy Audits, Preliminary Energy Audit, Detailed Energy Audit, Energy management (audit), qualities and function of energy managers, language of an energy manager Methods to mitigate Energy crises, Energy Strategy for Future, Questionnaire, Checklist for top management, India Energy Scenario, Loss of energy in material flow, energy performance, World energy scenario, Maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing, input energy requirements, Energy auditing instruments, Material load energy balance diagram,Use of Energy, Energy crises, Causes of the Energy Crisis, Energy demand and availability
Presentation on energy management, energy audit and carrier opportunities Arivalagan Arumugam
Energy Management, Energy Auditing
and Career opportunities in Industries by
Dr.P.Dharmalingam, BEE Accredited Energy Auditor,GOI,
Former Director ,National Productivity, Council,GOI
Executive Director, EnSave Consultancy and Training Pvt.Ltd,
pdlingam@gmail.com
, www.ensaveindia.com ,
Reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy, Saurabh Diddi, Bureau of Ene...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize
costs) and enhance competitive positions”
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-1) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 1: Production systems
Categories of manufacturing systems, manufacturing support systems, automation in production systems, automated manufacturing systems, opportunities for automation and computerization, types of automation, computerized manufacturing support systems, reasons for automating, automation principles and strategies, the USA principle, ten strategies for automation, automation migration strategy.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-6) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 6: Flexible manufacturing systems
Introduction to FMS, types of FMS, FMS components, applications and benefits, planning and implementation issues in FMS, quantitative analysis of FMS.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-5) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 5: Cellular manufacturing
Group technology, part families, parts classification and coding, production flow analysis, Opitz coding system, composite part concept, machine cell design, applications of GT.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-4) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 4: Production and assembly systems
Automated production lines- fundamentals, system configurations, work part transfer mechanisms, storage buffers, control of production line, applications. Automated assembly systems- fundamentals, system configurations, parts delivery at work stations, applications.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-3) by Varun Pratap Singh.pdfVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 3: Material handling system
Material handling equipment, design considerations for material handling system, material transport equipment, analysis of material transport systems, storage systems and their performance and location strategies, conventional and automated storage systems, overview of automatic identification and data capture, bar code technology, RFID, other AIDC technologies.
Automation in Manufacturing (Unit-2) by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Unit 2: Automation and control technologies in production system
Basic elements of an automated system, advanced automation functions, levels of automation, continuous and discrete control systems, computer process control, common measuring devices used in automation, desirable features for selection of measuring devices.
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UNIT-5
Stress and Strain Analysis Simple stress and strain: Introduction, Normal shear stresses, Stress-strain diagrams for ductile and brittle materials, Elastic constants, One dimensional loading of members of varying cross section, Strain energy, Thermal stresses.
Compound stress and strains: Introduction, State of plane stress, Principal stress and strain, Mohr’s circle for stress and strain.
Pure Bending of Beams: Introduction, Simple bending theory, Stress in beams of different cross sections.
Torsion: Introduction, Torsion of Shafts of circular section, Torque and Twist, Shear stress due to Torque.
Basic mechanical engineering (BMET-101/102) unit 5 part-1 simple stress and ...Varun Pratap Singh
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UNIT-5
Stress and Strain Analysis Simple stress and strain: Introduction, Normal shear stresses, Stress-strain diagrams for ductile and brittle materials, Elastic constants, One dimensional loading of members of varying cross section, Strain energy, Thermal stresses.
Compound stress and strains: Introduction, State of plane stress, Principal stress and strain, Mohr’s circle for stress and strain.
Pure Bending of Beams: Introduction, Simple bending theory, Stress in beams of different cross sections.
Torsion: Introduction, Torsion of Shafts of circular section, Torque and Twist, Shear stress due to Torque.
Basic mechanical engineering (BMET-101/102) unit 4- part1 (force system and a...Varun Pratap Singh
Download Link: https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
Unit-4 Part -1
Force system and Analysis
Basic concept: Review of laws of motion, transfer of force to parallel position, resultant of planer force system, Free-Body Diagrams, Equilibrium. Friction: Introduction, Laws of Coulomb friction, Equilibrium of bodies involving dry fiction.
Basic mechanical engineering (BMET-101/102) unit 4- part 3 (truss) by varun p...Varun Pratap Singh
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Unit-4 Part-3
Trusses: Introduction, Simple Trusses, Determination of forces in simple truss members, Method of Joints and Method of section.
Basic mechanical engineering (BMET-101/102) unit 4- part 2 (beams) by varun p...Varun Pratap Singh
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Unit4 Part-2
Force system and Analysis
Basic concept: Review of laws of motion, transfer of force to parallel position, resultant of planer force system, Free Body Diagrams, Equilibrium. Friction: Introduction, Laws of Coulomb friction, Equilibrium of bodies involving dry fiction.
Basic mechanical engineering (BMET-101/102) unit 3 (part-1) Properties of ste...Varun Pratap Singh
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Unit-3 Part-1
Properties of steam: Properties of steam, Phase transformation process and its graphical representation on P-V, T-V& T-s diagram, Mollier diagram and Steam Tables, Processes involving steam in closed and open systems.
Introduction to I.C. Engines: Two & four stoke S.I. and C.I. engines. Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle.
Basic mechanical engineering (BMET-101/102) unit 2 numerical by Varun Pratap ...Varun Pratap Singh
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UNIT-2: Zeroth law: Zeroth law, Different temperature scales and temperature measurement First law: First law of thermodynamics. Processes flow and non-flow, Control volume, Flow work and non-flow work, Steady flow energy equation, unsteady flow systems and their analysis. Second law: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Essence of second law, Thermal reservoir, Heat engines. COP of heat pump and refrigerator. Statements of second law and their equivalence, Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem, Thermodynamic temperature scale, Clausius inequality. Concept of entropy.
Basic mechanical engineering(BMET-101/102) unit 2 (part-2) thermodynamics law...Varun Pratap Singh
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UNIT-2: Part-2
Zeroth law: Zeroth law, Different temperature scales and temperature measurement
First law: First law of thermodynamics. Processes flow and non-flow, Control volume, Flow work and non-flow work, Steady flow energy equation, unsteady flow systems and their analysis.
Second law: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Essence of second law, Thermal
reservoir, Heat engines. COP of heat pump and refrigerator. Statements of second law and their equivalence, Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem, Thermodynamic temperature scale, Clausius
inequality. Concept of entropy.
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UNIT-2: Part-1
Zeroth law: Zeroth law, Different temperature scales and temperature measurement
First law: First law of thermodynamics. Processes flow and non-flow, Control volume, Flow work and non-flow work, Steady flow energy equation, unsteady flow systems and their analysis.
Second law: Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, Essence of second law, Thermal
reservoir, Heat engines. COP of heat pump and refrigerator. Statements of second law and their equivalence, Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem, Thermodynamic temperature scale, Clausius
inequality. Concept of entropy.
Power plant engineering unit 3 notes by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
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Unit-3
Diesel power plant
General layout, performance of diesel engine, fuel system, lubrication system, air intake and admission system, supercharging system, exhaust system, diesel plant operation and efficiency, heat balance.
Gas turbine power plant
Elements of gas turbine power plants, Gas turbine fuels, cogeneration, auxiliary systems such as fuel, controls and lubrication, operation and maintenance, Combined cycle power plants.
Power plant engineering unit 2 notes by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
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SYLLABUS
Unit-II
Steam power plant
Power plant boilers including critical and super critical boilers. Fluidized bed boilers, boilers
mountings and accessories.
General layout of steam power plant. Different systems such as fuel handling system,
pulverizes and coal burners, combustion system, draft, ash handling system, feed water
treatment and condenser and cooling system, turbine auxiliary systems such as governing, feed
heating, reheating, flange heating and gland leakage.
Operation and maintenance of steam power plant, heat balance and efficiency.
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1. To study the Cochran, Locomotive Fire-Tube Boiler, and Babcock & Wilcox Boilers.
2. To study the working & function of mountings and accessories in boilers.
3. To study 2-Stroke & 4-Stroke diesel engines.
4. To study 2-Stroke & 4-Stroke petrol engines.
5. To prepare a stress-strain diagram for mild steel and cast iron specimens under tension and compression respectively on a U.T.M.
6. To determine the Rockwell hardness no. of a specimen on the respective machines.
7. To determine the Brinell hardness no. of a specimen on the respective machines.
8. To determine the Impact strength of a specimen in the Izod & Charpy Test.
9. Study of refrigerator and refrigeration cycle
10. Study of Air Conditioner and its components
Free Download Link (Copy URL):
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Unit-I
Part-1 Introduction
Power and energy, sources of energy, review of thermodynamic cycles related to power plants,
fuels and combustion, calculations.
Part-2 Variable Load Problem
Industrial production and power generation compared ideal and realized load curves, terms, and factors. Effect of variable load on power plan operation, methods of meeting the variable load problem.
Part-3 Power plant economics and selection Effect of plant type on costs, rates, fixed elements, energy elements, customer elements, and investor’s profit; depreciation and replacement, theory of rates. Economics of plant selection, other considerations in plant selection.
Basic mechanical engineering unit 1 thermodynamics by varun pratap singh (202...Varun Pratap Singh
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Notes for Basic mechanical engineering subject unit 1 thermodynamics for Uttarakhand Technical University
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. WHAT IS ENERGY?
• Definition: Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy exists
in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy,
electrical or other forms.
• According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of a system remains
constant, though energy may transform into another form.
• For example, two billiard balls colliding, may come to rest, with the resulting energy
converting to sound and perhaps a little bit of heat, at the point of collision.
• TYPES OF ENERGY
• Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an object.
Mechanical energy is the sum of Kinetic and Potential Energy.
• Thermal energy
Thermal energy or heat energy reflects the temperature difference between two systems.
• Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from nuclear
• Chemical energy
Chemical energy results from chemical reactions between atoms or molecules. There are
different types of chemical energy, such as electrochemical energy etc.
• Electromagnetic energy
Electromagnetic energy is energy from light or electromagnetic waves.
3. World Energy Consumption
• World energy consumption refers to the total energy used by
all of human civilization. It involves all energy harnessed from
every energy source applied towards humanity's endeavours
across every industrial and technological sector, across every
country.
• In general, Total Energy
consumption indicate Electric
energy consumption and energy
consumed in terms of crude oil.
4. India's Energy Consumption
• The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 319.60 GW as of
31 March 2017. During the fiscal year 2015-16, the gross electricity
generated by utilities in India was 1,116.84 TWh. India is the world's third
largest producer and fourth largest consumer of electricity. Electric energy
consumption in agriculture was recorded highest (17.89%) in 2015-16 among
all countries. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to many
countries despite cheaper electricity tariff in India..
5. • Installed capacity by source in India as
• on 31 March 2017
• Coal: 192,162.88 MW (59.5%)
• Large Hydro: 44,478.42 MW (13.8%)
• Small Hydro: 4,333.86 MW (1.3%)
• Wind Power: 28,700.44 MW (8.9%)
• Solar Power : 12,288.83 MW (3.8%)
• Biomass: 7,970.08 MW (2.5%)
• Nuclear: 6,780 MW (2.1%)
• Gas: 25,329.38 MW (7.8%)
• Diesel: 837.63 MW (0.3%)
• Total: 319.60 GW
India's Energy Consumption
7. Energy Audit
• The primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy
consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs. Energy Audit
provides a “ bench- mark” (Reference point) for managing energy in the
organization and also provides the basis for planning a more effective use of energy
throughout the organization.
8. Is Really Energy Saving Matters?
The above given target is accomplished by BEE in 2012.
By this example we can understand that by changing a simple bulb we can save up
to that much big amount of energy.
As the consumer side the energy saving is 6000MW. As per efficiency law if the
energy saved at consumer side is equals to x then the saving of power generated at
power plant is equal to 2.5x and power saved as resources is equal to 5x.
Its Meaning is that, if we save the power in our home that it can be further utilise
in future.
22. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
• The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an agency of
the Government of India, under the Ministry of Power created
in March 2002 under the provisions of the nation's 2001
Energy Conservation Act. The agency's function is to develop
programs which will increase the conservation and efficient
use of energy in India. The government has proposed to make
it mandatory for certain appliances in India to have ratings by
the BEE starting in January 2010.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
30. Need for Energy Audit
• In Industries three top operating expenses are energy (both
electrical and thermal), labor and materials.
• Energy would emerge as a top ranker for cost reduction
• primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to
reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to
lower operating costs
• Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark” (Reference point) for
managing energy in the organization
31. Definition of Energy Management
Energy Management is defined as “The strategy of adjusting and optimizing
energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per
unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the
output from these systems”
The Objectives of Energy Management
• To achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilisation,
throughout the organization
• To minimise energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality
• To minimise environmental effects.
33. Types of Energy Audit
• Type of Energy Audit
The type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on:
- Function and type of industry
- Depth to which final audit is needed, and
- Potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired
Thus Energy Audit can be classified into the following three types:
i) Preliminary Audit
ii) Targeted Energy Au.
iii) Detailed Audit
34. Preliminary Audit
• Preliminary energy audit uses existing or easily obtained data
• Establishes the energy consumption in the organization
• Estimates the scope for saving
• Identifies the most likely areas for attention
• Identifies immediate(no cost or low cost) improvements
• Sets a ‘reference point’
• Identifies areas for more detailed study/measurement
39. Detail Energy Audit
Detailed Energy Audit evaluates all systems and equipment which consume energy and
the audit comprises a detailed study on energy savings and costs.
Detailed Energy Audit is carried out in 3 phases
The Pre-audit Phase
The Audit Phase
The Post-Audit Phase
42. Questions which an Energy Auditor should ask?
What function does this system serve?
How does this system serve its function?
What is the energy consumption of this system?
What are the indications that this system is working properly ?
If this system is not working, how can it be restored to good working conditions/
How can the energy cost of this system be reduced?
43. DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT-
A TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL FORMAT
• Energy Audit Team
• Executive Summary –Scope & Purpose
• Energy Audit Options & Recommendations
• 1.0 Introduction about the plant
– 1.1 General Plant details and descriptions
– 1.2 Component of production cost (Raw materials, energy, chemicals,
• manpower, overhead, others)
• 1.3 Major Energy use and Areas
• 2.0 Production Process Description
– 2.1 Brief description of manufacturing process
– 2.2 Process flow diagram and Major Unit operations
– 2.3 Major Raw material Inputs, Quantity and Costs
• 3.0 Energy and Utility System Description
– 3.1 List of Utilities
– 3.2 Brief Description of each utility
– 3.2.1 Electricity
– 3.2.2 Steam
– 3.2.3 Water
– 3.2.4 Compressed air
– 3.2.5 Chilled water
– 3.2.6 Cooling water
44. 4.0 Detailed Process flow diagram and Energy& Material balance
4.1 Flow chart showing flow rate, temperature, pressures of all input-
Output streams
4Water balance for entire industry
5.0 Energy efficiency in utility and process systems
5.1 Specific Energy consumption
5.2 Boiler efficiency assessment
5.3 Thermic Fluid Heater performance assessments
5.4 Furnace efficiency Analysis
5.5 Cooling water system performance assessment
5.6 DG set performance assessment
5.7 Refrigeration system performance
5.8 Compressed air system performance
5.9 Electric motor load analysis
5.10 Lighting system
6.0 Energy Conservation Options & Recommendations
6.1 List of options in terms of no cost, low cost, medium cost and high cost, annual
energy savings and payback
6.2 Implementation plan for energy saving measures/Projects
ANNEXURE
Al. List of instruments
A2. List of Vendors and Other Technical details
52. Identification of Energy Conservation
Factors & Areas
Steps for conserving energy can be taken if we know the
correct factors and areas to be studied and also details of
fuels used.
These can be:
• Energy generation
• Energy distribution
• Energy usage by processes
• Fuel substitution
53. Energy Costs in Indian Scenario ?
Common Fuels
• Fuel oil,• Low Sulphur Heavy
Stock (LSHS),• Light Diesel
Oil (LDO),• Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) •
Coal,• Lignite,• Wood
Fuels Cost Inputs & Factors
• Price at source, transport
charge, type of transport,
• Quality of fuel
• Contaminations, Moisture,
Energy content (GCV)
Power Costs
In India Electricity costs vary
substantially not only from
State to State, but also from
city to city and also within
consumer
to consumer – though power
does the same work
everywhere.
Reason:
•Tariff Structure
54. Benefits of energy audit for energy savings
potentials in industries
5/26/2017 54
INDUSTRY SAVING POTENTIAL %
Iron and Steel 10
Fertilizer 15
Textile 25
Cement 15
Paper 25
Aluminum 10
Sugar,
Petrochemicals
Refineries
20
15
10
55. POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION –
COMMERCIAL SECTOR:-
End-Use SAVING ESTIMATE %
Lighting Up to 50
Cooling Up to 50
Ventilation 50
Heating 15 - 40
Refrigeration 15 - 40
Water Heating 40 - 60
Miscellaneous 10 - 30
56. ENERGY AUDITING FOR INDUSTRIES
5/26/2017 56
• Among the above industries , the units having a connected load of 5 MW
(mega watts) and above or an energy consumption of about 30,000 tonnes of
oil equivalent per year, would be notified.
• For commercial building , these values are a connected load of 500 KW (kilo
watts) or contract demand of 600 kVA (kilovolt ampere) and above.
• These industrial units would have to get energy audits conducted by
accredited auditors , and implement the recommendations, , which are
techno- economically viable.
57. INDUSTRIAL ENERGY AUDIT
• Industrial energy audit have exploded as the
demand to lower increasingly expensive energy
costs and moves towards a sustainable future have
made energy audits greatly improvement .
• Area under the industrial energy audit :-
• Comprehensive audits of all sectors of industries:-
• Energy (electrical & thermal)
• Water
• Electrical safety
• Capacity building
58. BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY
AUDIT
• Energy savings
• Avoiding power factor penalties and
environmental compliance cost
• Quality improvement
• Productivity improvement
• Reduced maintains
• Fewer breakdown
• Better safety and protection
• A process for repeatable improvement
59. Utility (services) energy audit
• Industry research indicates that 6-10 % of utility bills have errors that can
amount of millions of dollors in unnecessary expenses. Companies are
challenged to avoid these costly billing mistakes across facilities serviced
by various utility companies , identifying and corresponding errors can
yield immediate savings.
• Benefits of bill auditing services:-
• Comprehensive analysis that establishes bare lines and identifies
overbillings.
• On going monitoring of billing to avoid costly errors.
• Communication with client on a regular basis , outlining progress to update
and up coming activities.
60. HOME ENERGY AUDIT
• A home energy audit is a service where the energy efficiency
of a house is evaluated by a person using professional
equipment (such as blower doors and infrared cameras), with
the aim to suggest the best ways to improve energy efficiency
in heating and cooling the house.
• An energy audit of a home may involve recording various
characteristics of the building envelope including the walls,
ceilings, floors, doors, windows, and skylights.
• For each of these components the area and resistance to heat
flow (R-value) is measured or estimated.
• The leakage rate or infiltration of air through the building
envelope is of concern, both of which are strongly affected by
window construction and quality of door seals such as
weather-stripping.
• The goal of this exercise is to quantify the building's overall
thermal performance. The audit may also assess the
efficiency, physical condition, and programming of
mechanical systems such as the heating, ventilation, air
conditioning equipment, and thermostat.
• A home energy audit is often used to identify cost effective
ways to improve the comfort and efficiency of buildings. In
addition, homes may qualify for energy efficiency grants from
central government.
61. HOME OR RESIDENTIAL
ENERGY AUDIT
• A home energy audit (or survey) evaluates an existing home to
determine where and how energy is being lost, what systems are
operating inefficiently and what cost-effective improvements can be
implemented to enhance occupant comfort, make the home more
durable and lower utility costs
• Area includes under residential energy audit :-
• Building envelope features (windows, doors, insulation, ducts) and
ages
• Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment types, characteristics
and ages
• Appliance and lighting characteristics
• Comfort complaints
• Visible moisture issues
• Visible health and safety issues
62. Potential for Energy Conservation
Residential Sector
END USE SAVING ESTIMATE %
Lighting 20 - 50
Cooling / Ventilation 15 -50
Refrigeration 15 - 40
Water heating equipment 20 -70
Miscellaneous Equipment 10
63. Utility (services) energy audit
• Industry research indicates that 6-10 % of utility bills have errors that can
amount of millions of dollors in unnecessary expenses. Companies are
challenged to avoid these costly billing mistakes across facilities serviced
by various utility companies , identifying and corresponding errors can
yield immediate savings.
• Benefits of bill auditing services:-
• Comprehensive analysis that establishes bare lines and identifies
overbillings.
• On going monitoring of billing to avoid costly errors.
• Communication with client on a regular basis , outlining progress to update
and up coming activities.
64. ISO standards for energy audit
• Iso 9001 : 2008 – quality management system
• Iso 14001 :2004 – environmental management systems
• OHSAS 18001 – Occupational health and safety management
systems
• Iso 22000 – food safety
• Iso TS/16949 :2002 – quality management system for design
and development , production.
• Iso 50001 – energy management
• Iso 50001 :2011 – energy management system
65. Areas covered under Electrical audit
• Electrical System :
• • Electrical Distribution system (substation & feeders study)
• • PF Improvement study
• • Capacitor performance
• • Transformer optimization
• • Cable sizing & loss reduction
• • Motor loading survey
• • Lighting system
• • Electrical heating & melting furnaces
• • Electric ovens
66. Areas covered under Mechanical
audit
• Mechanical System
• Fans & Blowers
• Exhaust & ventilation System
• Pumps and pumping System
• Compressed air System
• Air Conditioning & Refrigeration System
• Cooling Tower System
67. Areas covered under Thermal energy
audit
• Thermal energy system :-
• Steam Generation Boilers
• • Steam Audit and Conversation
• • Steam Trap Survey
• • Condensate Recovery System
• • Insulation Survey
• • Energy and Material Balance for Unit operation
• • Heat Exchanger
• • Waste Heat Recovery System
68. Focus of Govt. Of India through energy audit on
energy conservation and energy efficient
technologies and products :-
• BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency ) has done tremendous
work in creating awareness on energy conservation ,
establishing case studies for different industries , promoting
innovative financing mechanisms for energy efficiency
projects , energy labelling , accrediting organizations for
energy audits , and conducting examinations for accrediting
the energy auditors and energy managers.
69. Focus of Govt. of India through energy audit on
energy conservation and energy efficient
technologies and products :-
• CPRI (central power research institute) has been carrying out
energy audit & energy conservation studies since 1988 and
have completed energy audit in:-
• 75 power stations
• 70 energy intensive industries
• 60 majors buildings
• 10 ports
70. Focus of Govt. Of India through energy audit on energy
conservation and energy efficient technologies and products :-
• The govt. Efforts for energy conservation are also
supplemented by the NPC ( national productivity
council), NGOs like TERI ( the energy resources
institute), and industries associations such as
ASSOCHAM , CII , FICCI and PHDCCI.