The endocrine system is comprised of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions like growth, stress response, and metabolism. The key glands include the pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. The hypothalamus connects the endocrine and nervous systems by secreting neurohormones that stimulate or inhibit hormones from the pituitary gland, which then regulate other glands. Hormones and the nervous system interact through feedback and effects on neural processing and development.

1. Endocrine, Nerves and You

2. What is the Endocrine system?
-The Endocrine system is comprised of various
glands that secrete hormones into the blood
stream which in turn affect tissues cells with
receptors for the specific hormone.
-This process helps regulate, growth, response
to stress, water and mineral balance, and
metabolism.

3. What are the structures of the
Endocrine system?
• The Endocrine system is comprised of:
– Pineal gland(body)
– Hypothalamus
– Thyroid
– Parathyroid
– Pituitary gland
– Adrenal glands
– Pancreas
– Testes
– Ovaries

4. Hormones
Pineal gland(body)
• Melatonin

5. Hormones
Hypothalamus
• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
• Dopamine
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone
• Somatostatin
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• Oxytocin
• Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone)

6. Hormones
Pituitary
• Anterior
– Growth Hormone(somatotropin)
– Thyroid-stimulating Hormone(thyrotropin)
– Adrenocorticotropic hormone(corticotropin)
– Follicle-stimulating hormone
– Luteinizing hormone
– Prolactin
– Melanocytic-stimulating hormone

7. Hormones
Pituitary cont.
• Posterior
– Oxytocin
– Vasopressin(Antidiuretic hormone)

8. Hormones
Thyroid
• Triiodothyroxine(T3)
• Tetraiodothyronine(Thyroxine/T4)
• Calcitonin

9. Hormones
Parathyroid
• Parathyroid Hormone

10. Hormones
Adrenal
• Cortex
– Glucocorticoids(primarily Cortisol)
– Mineralcorticoids(primarily Aldosterone)
– Androgens(DHEA and Testosterone)
Medulla
– Epinephrine(Adrenaline)
– Norepinephrine(Noradrenaline)
– Dopamine
– Enkephalin

11. Hormones
Pancreas
• Insulin
• Glucagon
• Somatostatin
• Pancreatic Polypeptide

12. Hormones
Testes
• Androgens(primarily Testosterone)
• Estradiol
• Inhibin

13. Hormones
Ovaries
• Progesterone
• Androstenedione
• Estrogens(primarily Estradiol)
• Inhibin

14. The Nervous System

15. Central Nervous System(CNS)
• Comprised of the Brain and Spinal Cord
• The functional unit of the CNS is the Neuron
• Neurons release neurotransmitters from the Axon
to receiving Dendrites at the synaptic gap.
• The Brain is essential in awareness, movements,
sensations, thoughts, speech, and memory
awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts,
speech, and memory (some reflexes occur via the
spinal cord pathways without brain involvement)

16. How do they interact????

17. • The Hypothalamus connects these two systems
via the Pituitary gland by secreting
Neurohormones that stimulate or inhibit the
release of Pituitary hormones
• Pituitary hormones stimulate the release of other
hormones from other endocrine structures
• Reproductive hormones affect the development
of the nervous system.
• Hormones provide feedback to the brain to affect
neural processing.