India's population growth has slowed significantly due to a decline in birth rates and fertility rates over recent decades. The total fertility rate has fallen from 6 in 1950 to 2.179 currently, below the replacement level of 2.1. This decline is a major success that should be celebrated, as overpopulation was putting strain on resources and the environment. However, further population decline could impact economic growth if the young population decreases. The focus going forward should be on population stabilization, not further control, while continuing efforts to keep fertility rates at replacement levels. The impact of COVID-19 on increased mortality also warrants close monitoring.

1. END OF POPULATION
EXPLOSION CELEBRATE OR NOT
DR KALPNA KUMAR
SR SPECIALIST
SWAMI DAYANAND HOSPITAL DELHI

2. introduction
• India has16%of world population with only2.45 %of global
surface area
• 4 % of total water resources
• overpopulation causes change in ecosystem and causes
vulnerable species into extinction and precipitating
resource crunch
• Biologist E O Willson gives scary estimate of three speices
into extinction every one hour
• India is on the right path since after independence
• India isFirst developing country to start family planning
programme in 1951
• After independence india,s population has quadrapaled
from 35 crore to 139 crore in 2020

3. End of Population explosion in India
Population explosion definition
Factors contributed
• Population growth
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Total fertility rate
• Life expectancy
• Replacement level fertility

4. POPULATION EXPLOSION
Definition
• A sudden rise in the population of particular
species in an area . usually term used for human
species.
• After world war 2 sudden increase in human
population due to increase birth rate ,decrease
infant mortality rate and increase in
lifeexpectancy
• This has put the ecosystem out of equilibrium
• This may be a cause for resource scarcity and
short of opportunity

5. POPULATION GROWTH
• Population growth refers to change in the size of a
population—which can be either positive or negative—over
time, depending on the balance of births and deaths.
• Growth is usually expressed as a rate or a percentage.
• Global human population growth rate is 1.1 % ,amount to
around 83 million persons added annually, in 2020
• The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to
7.9 billion in 2020 which is expected to increase by 8.54 billion
by 2030
• The population growth rate for India in 2021 is 0.97%, The
population growth reached a peak in 1974 with an annual
growth rate of 2.36%.
• India have add 13.4 million in 2021

6. Birth Rate
• Crude birth rate indicates the number of live
births occurring during the year, per 1,000
population
• In 2020, birth rate for India was 17.4 per
1,000 people.
• Birth rate fell gradually from 38.8 per 1,000
people in 1971 to 17.4 per 1,000 people in
2020..

7. DEATH RATE
• Crude death rate indicates the number of
deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000
population estimated at midyear.
• Over the last 50 years, death rate of India was
declining at a rate from 16.7 per 1,000 people
in 1971 to 7.2 per 1,000 people in 2020.

8. Life Expectancy
• Life expectancy is average no of years a
newborn should live.
• In 1971 was 48.4 years which reached 69.4
years for men and 72 years for women in 2019
• which came down to 67.5 years and 69.8
years, respectively, ...in oct 2021 due to covid
pandemic.

9. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
• This is average number of children a woman of
child bearing age has.
• Population above TFR means growth and below
TFR is decline in population .2.1 TFR keeps the
country population stable (one child /mother
,one child/father and .1 for who die in infancy or
women who die before child bearing.
• United Nation population devision term it as
replacement level fertility

10. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
• The current fertility rate for India in 2021 is 2.179
births per woman, a 0.95% decline from 2020.
• The fertility rate for India in 2020 was 2.200
births per woman, a 0.9% decline from 2019.
• The fertility rate for India in 2019 was 2.220
births per woman, a 0.89% decline from 2018.
• The fertility rate for India in 2018 was 2.240
births per woman, a 1.37% decline from 2017.
• TFR reduces from 6 in 1950 to 2.179 now

11. Replacement level fertility
• If rlf sustain over long period each generation will
replace itself without any need for country to balance
population by international migration
• Economic survey 2018-19 tabled in parliament with a
chapter on population says India is set to witness a
sharp decline in next two decades
• According to it population in 0 to 19 years has already
reached to peak level due to sharp decline in tfr so
economic policies should be made accordingly

12. Celebration or not
• Debate on population control has missed this positive
trend
• Instead of celebrating an very eminent success story it
has focused on further control of population
• increase literacy,increase contraception ,decrease in
birth rate decrease in death rate .decrease tfr are all
these achievments are a big reason to celebrate this
success story
• Further decline may impact economic growth due to
decline in young generation so now focus should be on
population stabilisation not on control.

13. contd
• A close watch should be kept on covid pandemic
and related increase mortality.
• Govt should see for vaccination of adolescents
and children below 18 years most urgently to
save our young generation which is now will not
increase from previous rate with tfr of 2.1.
• All measures should be continued to keep tfr 2.1
and growth rate 0
• Yes as of now this is big achievment to be
celebrated with taking all measures of covid
appropriate behaviors

14. Thankyou