This document discusses social indicators like sex ratio, birth rate, and death rate in several countries. It provides key statistics for each country, such as India's 2011 sex ratio of 940 females per 1000 males and Bangladesh having 100.3 males for every 100 females. Birth rates are influenced by social and economic factors, while death rates depend on access to healthcare and infrastructure. Infant mortality rates reflect a country's development level, with the US goal to reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015.

1. Social Science

2. (causes and effects of it in the development
of different countries)
Sex Ratio

3. India
 Current Sex Ratio of India in 2015 is 943
Females/1000 Males.
Sex Ratio of India - Sex Ratio is a term used to
define number of females per 1000 males. It's a great
source to find the equality of males and females in a
society at a given period of time. In India Sex
Ratio was okay till the time of Independence,
thereafter it has declined regularly. According to
Census of India 20011, Indian sex ratio has shown
some improvement in the last 10 years. It has gone
up from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011 census of India.
There has been some improvement in the Sex Ratio

4. The states of South India have the best Sex
Ratio of females per 1000 males.

5. Bangladesh
 The country has 100.3 males against 100 females,
though over 119 males live in the capital at present
against 100 females.
 There are 7.12 crore males against 7.11 crore females in
the country, of which 64.6 lakh males live in Dhaka along
with 54.2 lakh females, revealed the primary data of the
national population census yesterday.
 According to the report, the number of males is higher
mainly in the urban areas than the rural parts, except the
Chittagong Hill Tracts.
 During the last decade, the number of women has
increased by around four million, which the primary
results marked as “a spectacular change in the sex

7. Japan
 As of 1 January 2015, the population of Japan
was estimated to be 126 500 581 people. This is
a decrease of -0.28 % (-352 652 people)
compared to population of 126 853 233 the year
before. In 2014 the natural increase was
negative, as the number of deaths exceeded the
number of live births by 352 652. Unfortunately,
we do not have any data related to external
migration in 2014. The sex ratio of the total
population was 0.949 (949 males per 1 000
females) which is lower than global sex ratio. The
global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1
016 males to 1 000 females as of 2014. See
also map of the world by sex ratio of total
population.

8. of Japan population in 2015 will be the
following:
• 2 533 live births average per day (105.56 in a
hour)
• 3 497 deaths average per day (145.71 in a
hour

9. u.s.a
 The U.S. is the world's highest-consuming nation and
our per-capita level of consumption is magnified by
our large population. Yet our population continues to
grow at a rate comparable to many third-world
countries - since 1945 our population growth rate has
equaled that of India and California is currently
growing faster than Bangladesh.
 SUSPS supports lower levels of consumption.
Addressing consumption levels is necessary, however
that alone will not halt the degradation of our
environment. U.S. consumption per capita has
remained constant or decreased slightly for the last
30 years for most resources (including energy
consumption), and the only force significantly driving

11. ( causes and effects of it in the development of
different countries)
Mortality rate

12. india
The Birth Rate
 It is the average number of the children born in a
country compared to the rest of the population. In
other words, it is the number of births for every
1000 people in the country
Factors affecting the birth rate in a
country
 Social and religious beliefs - especially in relation
to contraception and abortion
 Female employment
 Economic prosperity (although in theory when the
economy is doing well families can afford to have

13. The number of people who die each year
compared to every 1000 people in the
population is known as death rate.
• Medical facilities and health care
• Nutrition levels
• Living standard
• Access to clean drinking water
• Hygiene levels
• Levels of infectious diseases
• Social factors such as conflicts and levels of violent
crime
The Death Rate
Factors affecting death rate in a
country

14. Bangladesh
 The newborns in poor rural households of
Bangladesh is being influenced by
environmental factors and they indicate several
pathways that may potentially lead to VSD.
 Higher heat-humidity index may facilitate
proliferation of bacteria in poorly ventilated
households. During the monsoon season
people usually remain indoors to avoid the rain
and the overcrowding and related poor hygienic
The Birth rate

15. • The neonatal mortality rate in Bangladesh is 37 deaths
per 1000 live births on average; in some areas this is
much higher. Over the past few decades under-5
mortality has been coming down gradually whereas levels
of newborn mortality are still beyond the acceptable limit.
The Death rate
• A combination of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis,
known as Very Severe Disease (VSD) causes 50% of
newborn deaths in Bangladesh. The common signs are
fever, hypothermia, difficult breathing, lethargy, convulsion,
inability to feed etc. Failure to provide immediate
appropriate medical care once these signs are obvious
may lead the newborn to death in a very short period of
time.

16. Japan
The Birth rate
 In Japan the birth rate fell in 1966 the Year of
the Horse – an unlucky year for babies to be
born. Births fell by 466,000 (half a million).
 In the 1980s Japan legalised abortion leading
to a dramatic decrease in birth rates.
 Mortality rates are increased in war times –
and birth rates fell in Japan during WWII from
30/000 to 23/000. (A baby boom followed the

17. • Improvements in the economy, when coupled with
good distribution of health care, education and food
have resulted in reductions in mortality.
The Death rate
• An ageing population or greying population raises
the mortality levels in a country.

18. u.s.a
The Birth rate
• The infant mortality rate is one of three indicators used to
monitor achievements towards the Fourth Goal of the
eight Millennium Development Goals. This goal's target
value is to "Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,
the under-five mortality rate".
• Awareness of birth control and benefits of fewer
children.

19. Infant mortality is the death of a child less than one
year of age. It is measured as infant mortality rate (IMR),
which is the number of deaths of children under one
year of age per 1000 live births.
The leading causes of infant mortality are birth asphyxia,
pneumonia, pre-term birth complications, diarrhea,
malaria, measles and malnutrition. Many factors
contribute to infant mortality such as the mother's level
of education, environmental conditions, and political and
medical infrastructure. Improving sanitation, access to
clean drinking water, immunization against infectious
diseases, and other public health measures could help
reduce high rates of infant mortality.
The Death rate

20. Thank you!
Presented by :
Mitanshi Agarwal
IX-B
25