This document discusses population statistics like birth rates, death rates, sex ratios, and mortality rates in several countries. In India, the sex ratio has improved in recent decades but remains unbalanced, and states in South India have a more equal ratio. Bangladesh has slightly more males than females overall but more males in urban areas. Japan's population is decreasing as deaths now exceed births, and it has an aging population and low birth rate. The US birth rate is influenced by access to family planning and benefits of smaller families, while the infant mortality rate has decreased due to public health measures.