1. Population
Explosion
P r e s e n t e d b y :
H a r s h R a s t o g i ,
N u r s i n g Tu t o r,
M . S . I n s t i t u t e o f N u r s i n g ,
Lu c k n o w
2. Introduction
• Current Population of India in 2010 is around
1,150,000,000 (1.15 billion) people.
• Currently, India is 2nd largest country in the world
after China in terms of population.
• By 2030, the population of India will be largest in
the world estimated to be around 1.53 billion.
• With only 2.4% worlds land area India is
supporting 16% of the world's population.
3.
4. Cont…
• There has been rapid increase in Indian
population in the last 60 years.
• While global population has increased threefold
during this century, from 2 billion to 6 billion, the
population of India has increased nearly five folds
form 28 million to 1 billion.
• Population of India at the time of Independence
was only 350 million.
• So Indian Population has increased more than
three times.
5. Meaning of Population Explosion
• The literal meaning of population is "the whole
number of people or inhabitants in a country or
region".
(Webster's dictionary)
• The main factors affecting the population change
are the birth rate, death rate and migration.
• Migration is the number of people moving in
(immigration) or out (emigration) of a country,
place or locality.
6. Cont…
• The population change is calculated by the
formula:
• Population change = (Births + Immigration) -
(Deaths + Emigration)
7. Definition
• Population explosion is the phenomenon of the
size of a population tending to a very large
number in a finite interval of time is called
population explosion i.e., rapid increase in
population for a long time may be termed as
"population explosion".
• Birth rate is much higher than the death rate for
long time may lead to population explosion.
8. Cont…
• Population explosion or overpopulation refers to a
condition where an organism's numbers exceed
the carrying capacity of its habitat.
(Encyclopaedia)
9. Bare Facts about Population Explosion
• Every sixth person on globe today is every Indian.
• India adds about 10 lakh persons to its population
every fortnight.
• India adds one Australia every eight months.
• By 2045 or earlier, India would overtake china as
the world's most populous country.
• 49% of the increase in India's population is from
four states Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
UP.
10.
11. Cont…
• India's population has been steadily increasing
since 1921.
• The year 1921 is called the big divide because the
absolute number of people added to the
population during each decade has been on the
increase since 1921.
• India's population is currently increasing at the
rate of 16 million each year.
12. Causes of Population Explosion
• The birth and death rates are important
components of population growth.
A. High Birth Rate
B. Declining Death Rate
C. Impact of National Health Programmes
D. Improvement in Food Supply
E. International Aid
F. Use of Social Media
13. A. High Birth Rate
• India like other developing countries is faced with
the dilemma of a high birth rate and a declining
death rate.
14. Cont…
• The causes of high birth rates are:
i. Universality of marriage
ii. Early marriage
iii. Low standard of living
iv. Gender difference
v. Low level of literacy
vi. Traditional customs and habit
vii. Absence of family planning habit
viii. Lack of sex education
15. Cont…
• Universality of marriage: In India marriage is
universal for everyone. Everyone sooner or later
gets married and participate in reproduction. The
individual's economic security and emotional
maturity are seldom as pre-requisite to marriage.
16. Cont…
• Early marriage: In India marriages are per formed
early. Data indicates about 60% of girls aged 15-
19 years are already married.
17. Cont…
• Low standard of living: As poor parents thinks that
more children means workforce and lead to more
earning in the family thus they want to have more
children for their earning source.
18. Cont…
• Gender difference: A woman is in disadvantaged
group suffered more from disease and death.
Gender inequality is linked with higher fertility,
poor nutrition, STD and unwanted pregnancies.
19. Cont…
• Low level of literacy: The 2011 census showed
that only 74.04% of the population was literate.
The female literacy rate was 64 60% and the
female literacy is still lower especially in the rural
area.
20. Cont…
• Traditional customs and habit: Some customs
dictate that every woman must marry and every
man must have a son. Children are considered a
gift of God and their birth should not be
obstructed.
21. Cont…
• Absence of family planning habit: Unfavourable
religious attitude towards family planning and lack
of information about the family planning services.
22. Cont…
• Lack of sex education: Sex is considered a tar boo
and a social stigma and the general population of
India has, have to come out of its orthodox shell
and are yet to embrace upon a more
condescending and liberal approach.
23. B. Declining Death Rate
• The declining death rates have been attributed to
• Mass control of diseases such as small pox,
plague etc.
24. Cont…
• Advancement in medical science technologies like
use of chemotherapeutic drugs, antibiotics and
insecticides etc.
• Better health facilities such as establishment and
strengthen primary health centres and treatment
centres.
25. C. Impact of National Health Programmes
• A variety of national health programs were
launched by Indian government these programs
also contribute major role to decline death rates.
26. D. Improvement in Food Supply
• In more recent years the technology has produced
a broader variety of techniques, new kind of
seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and more
sophisticated technology.
27. E. International Aid
• In several directions such as financial support for
health services.
28. F. Use of Social Media
• Improvement in health consciousness of society
through mass media.
29. Impact of population explosion
• As population grows, it affects health and socio-
economic conditions of individual, community and
country
• Moderate population growth is considered
essential because it promotes socio-economic
developments as there is increasing demand and
market for various goods and opportunity for
employment for people.
• But when population increases faster it has its
impact on natural and men made resources and
socio-economic conditions.
30. Cont…
• The natural resources get exhausted:
1. Agriculture and economy
2. Food and nutrition
3. Literacy and education
4. Clothing
5. Housing
6. Water supply and environment
7. Health care services
8. Employment
9. Urbanization
31. 1. Agriculture and economy
• India is a developing country
• About 70% people live in rural areas
• Their main source of income is agriculture several
millions of them are either marginal farmers or
worked on hired labour and struggle for bare
necessities of
• In addition, India has rapid population growth and
limited cultivation land area
32. Cont…
• This further decrease per capita agriculture
production and causes decline in per capita
income.
• To supplement marginal income farmers, employ
their children in the farms.
• This becomes a motivational factor for having
large size family.
33. 2. Food and nutrition
• The most direct impact of rapid population growth
is on feeding the ever-increasing large population
and on maintaining their nutritional status
• Rapid population growth is one of the factors
responsible for decreased per capita consumption
and quality of food. The most affected sections of
population are women and children.
34. Cont…
• Only 15-20% of Indians get adequate calories
daily.
• Poor nutrition lowers the productivity of workers it
also leads to malnutrition and other nutritional
deficiency diseases such as anaemia, blindness
etc.
• So, it affects to country's level of development and
of the overall health status of its people.
35. 3. Literacy and education
• Literacy rate has been increased gradually but the
absolute number of illiterates has been increased
because of population in creases.
• The numbers of educational institutes, universities
have increased significantly but could not keep
pace with the growing demands of increasing
population.
36. 4. Clothing
• Next to food, clothing is basic necessity of human
beings.
• These demands are barely being met partially
because of low increase in per capita income,
poverty and large family size and partially because
of scarcity due to rapid population in spite of their
increased production.
37. 5. Housing
• It is also basic necessity of human beings.
• There is increasing number of family members in
a family so there are no sufficient houses for the
increasing population.
38. Cont…
• There are a large number of people who live
without houses.
• Poverty also increasing this problem but
increasing population is main responsible for that.
39. 6. Water supply and environment
• There has been sufficient increase in sale water
supply, transport facilities but these could not meet
the demands of increasing population due to rapid
population growth.
• The increasing population has created problem of
management of large quantity of waste and
maintenance of sanitation in both rural and urban
areas.
40.
41. Cont…
• Forests are being deforested to satisfy the needs
of increasing population. This effecting ecological
changes like soil erosion change in weather
conditions and rain fall etc.
• All these have implication on agriculture
production, socio-economic conditions and health
of people.
42. Cont…
• There has been overall degradation of
environment, e.g., pollution of air, water and soil,
etc.
• This is mainly due to increasing transport facilities,
industrialization and urbanization which were
required to meet demands of increasing
population.
43.
44. 7. Health care services
• Since independence there has been significant
improvement in health care intra structure both in
urban and rural areas but these have been
inadequate, inaccessible and have not been able
to have optimal impact.
• Rapid increase in population has been one of the
reasons for this.
45. 8. Employment
• Increasing population has increased magnitude of
the problem of unemployment.
• In spite of jobs being created and filled and
opportunities being provided for self-employment,
the number of unemployed as outnumbered the
employment opportunities because of ever
increasing young population due to rapid
population growth.
46. Cont…
• Also because of low literacy and lack of technical
skills the cheap labour is made available in plenty
in labour market.
• This situation also affecting the national
productivity and per capita income.
47. 9. Urbanization
• This low socio-economic situation also pressurizes
rural people to migrate to urban area for
employment which create socio-economic
problem in urban areas.
• The urbanization of rural people is the main
source of slums in big metropolitan cities.
48. Cont…
• Urbanization is also resulting in loss of rural areas
as about 6 million acres of rural land has been
taken over by the cities over the last fifty years.
49. Impact of Population Explosion on socio-
economic development of country
• As a result of high fertility and comparatively high
mortality, India has extremely large young population.
Because of huge young population dependency rate is
very high.
• Any population with percentage of dependence and
small percentage of working people will be
economically backward. With the large dependent
population, the per capita income and standard of life
cannot improve.
• Even with a remarkable increase in national income
the per capita income of Indians is still very poor, the
large population is mainly responsible for this.
50. Conclusion
• So rapid growth of population in our country has a
tremendous impact on our natural and manmade
resources which are already limited in comparison to
population.
• Although there have been developments in all the
resources like food, clothing, housing, education,
employment, health services etc. but could not keep
pace with demands of increasing population.
• If this situation continues, there will be vicious circle of
poverty, underdevelopment and high population which
increasing day by day, but this increase is very slow
because of rapid growth of population.
