Emotions and attitudes
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The document discusses the differences between attitudes and emotions. Attitudes are mental states of readiness based on learned experiences that influence responses to people and objects, while emotions are states of physiological arousal accompanied by changes in facial expressions or feelings. Emotions are usually experienced for seconds, while attitudes are usually stable for days or longer. Later sections discuss how emotions shape attitudes through emotional episodes, and the role of emotional intelligence and emotional labor in the workplace.
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Emotions and attitudes
The document discusses various aspects of emotions including:
1. Emotions are short-lived psychological and physiological states that are responses to experiences or events, whereas moods persist for longer periods.
2. Common emotions include fear, love, surprise, joy, anger, and sadness.
3. Emotions are experiences while attitudes involve judgments and intentions regarding people, objects or events.
4. Managing emotions for organizational purposes, known as emotional labor, can lead to emotional dissonance and burnout if emotions are faked for too long.
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Attitudes are evaluative statements about objects, people, or events that have three components: emotional feelings, beliefs or opinions, and behavioral intentions. Behavior does not always follow directly from attitudes, as other factors can influence the relationship. Major job attitudes include job satisfaction, involvement, commitment, perceived organizational support, and engagement. Job satisfaction is positively related to job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, customer satisfaction, and negatively related to absenteeism and turnover. Managers should monitor employee attitudes to identify potential problems and try to increase positive attitudes in order to improve performance and reduce costs.
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The document discusses several key aspects of individual behavior:
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This document provides an overview of attitudes, including their definition, formation, structure, and relationship to behavior. It discusses several key theories related to attitudes:
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- Consistency theories like balance theory and cognitive dissonance propose people seek to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors.
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Emotion ppt
Emotion is a complex psycho-physiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences.
James-Lange Theory:
The James-Lange theory of emotion argues that an event causes physiological arousal first and then we interpret this arousal. Only after our interpretation of the arousal can we experience emotion. If the arousal is not noticed or is not given any thought, then we will not experience any emotion based on this event.
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster, and your breathing deepens. You notice these physiological changes and interpret them as your body's preparation for a fearful situation. You then experience fear.
Cannon-Bard Theory:
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster, and your breathing deepens. At the same time as these physiological changes occur you also experience the emotion of fear.
Schachter-Singer Theory:
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster, and your breathing deepens. Upon noticing this arousal you realize that is comes from the fact that you are walking down a dark alley by yourself. This behavior is dangerous and therefore you feel the emotion of fear.
Facial Feedback Theory
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear footsteps behind you and your eyes widen, your teeth clench and your brain interprets these facial changes as the expression of fear. Therefore you experience the emotion of fear.
Positive Emotions:
Love is a very basic and necessary emotion. If a child is nurtured in a loving family where all members respect and love each other, he or she will develop into an adult who behaves in a manner similar to the behavioral patterns that he or she learned as a child.
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Emotions and attitudes
- 1. 4-1 ATTITUDES vs EMOTIONS Attitudes is a mental state of readiness learned and organized through experience, exerting specific influence on a person’s response to people, objects, and institution with which it is related A state of physiological arousal accompanied by changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, or subjective feelings. Examples of emotions are: surprise, joy, anticipation, sadness, disgust, fear, acceptance and anger.
- 2. 4-2 Attitudes versus Emotions AttitudesAttitudes EmotionsEmotions Judgments about anJudgments about an attitude objectattitude object Judgments about anJudgments about an attitude objectattitude object Based mainly onBased mainly on rational logicrational logic Based mainly onBased mainly on rational logicrational logic Usually stable for daysUsually stable for days or longeror longer Usually stable for daysUsually stable for days or longeror longer Experiences related to anExperiences related to an attitude objectattitude object Experiences related to anExperiences related to an attitude objectattitude object Based on innate and learnedBased on innate and learned responses to environmentresponses to environment Based on innate and learnedBased on innate and learned responses to environmentresponses to environment Usually experienced forUsually experienced for seconds or lessseconds or less Usually experienced forUsually experienced for seconds or lessseconds or less
- 3. 4-3 Traditional Model of Attitudes Purely cognitive approach Beliefs: established perceptions of attitude object Feelings: calculation of good or bad based on beliefs about the attitude object Behavioral intentions: motivation to act in response to the attitude object Problem: Ignores important role of emotions in shaping attitudes
- 4. 4-4 BehaviorBehavior Emotions, Attitudes and Behavior Perceived EnvironmentPerceived Environment Attitude FeelingsFeelings BeliefsBeliefs BehavioralBehavioral IntentionsIntentions Cognitive process Emotional process Emotional Episodes
- 5. 4-5 Role of Emotions in Attitudes Feelings toward attitude object influenced by cumulative emotional episodes toward it We ‘listen in’ on our emotions while thinking through what we like or dislike Cognitive and emotional processes don’t always agree with each other Emotions also directly affect behavior e.g. facial expression
- 6. 4-6 Generating Positive Emotions at Work The emotions-attitudes- behavior model illustrates that attitudes are shaped by ongoing emotional experiences. Thus, successful companies actively create more positive than negative emotional episodes. Courtesy of CXtec
- 7. 4-7 Cognitive Dissonance A state of anxiety that occurs when an individual’s beliefs, feelings and behaviors are inconsistent with one another Most common when behavior is: known to others done voluntarily can’t be undone
- 8. Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin Emotional Labor and Emotional Intelligence Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress
- 9. 4-9 Emotional Labor Effort, planning and control needed to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions. Emotional labor higher when job requires: frequent and long duration display of emotions displaying a variety of emotions displaying more intense emotions Mood is the Long lasting state of emotion Mood ( or Emotional) Contagion is the transfer of mood or emotions from one individual to others
- 10. 4-10 Emotional Labor Across Cultures Displaying or hiding emotions varies across cultures Minimal emotional expression and monotonic voice in Korea, Japan, Austria Encourage emotional expression in Kuwait, Egypt, Spain, Russia
- 11. 4-11 Emotional Labor Challenges Difficult to display expected emotions accurately, and to hide true emotions Emotional dissonance Conflict between true and required emotions Potentially stressful with surface acting Less stress through deep acting
- 12. 4-12 Emotional Intelligence Defined Ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in oneself and others
- 13. 4-13 Social Awareness Self-management Understanding and sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts, and situation of others Controlling or redirecting our internal states, impulses, and resources Self-awareness Understanding your own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, values, and motives Relationship Management Managing other people’s emotions Lowest Highest Model of Emotional Intelligence
- 14. 4-14 Emotional Intelligence Competencies Self-awareness Social awareness Self-management Relationship management Self (personal competence) Other (social competence) Recognition of emotions Regulation of emotions
- 15. 4-15 Improving Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is a set of competencies (aptitudes, skills) Can be learned, especially through coaching EI increases with age -- maturity
- 16. Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress
- 17. 4-17 Job Satisfaction A person's evaluation of his or her job and work context A collection of attitudes about specific facets of the job
- 18. 4-18 LoyaltyLoyalty VoiceVoice ExitExit NeglectNeglect • Leaving the situation • Quitting, transferring • Changing the situation • Problem solving, complaining • Patiently waiting for the situation to improve • Reducing work effort/quality • Increasing absenteeism EVLN: Responses to Dissatisfaction
- 19. 4-19 Job Satisfaction and Performance Happy workers are somewhat more productive workers, but: 1. General attitude is a poor predictor of specific behaviors 2. Job performance affects satisfaction only when rewarded 3. Depends on employee control of job performance (e.g. limited in assembly lines)
- 20. 4-20 Happy Staff = Happy Customers at Wegmans Wegmans Food Market enjoys strong customer loyalty and low employee turnover by keeping employees happy. Shown here, CEO Danny Wegman meets with staff during a new store opening. Courtesy of Wegmans Food Markets
- 21. 4-21 Job Satisfaction and Customers Job satisfaction affects mood, leading to positive behaviors toward customers Less employee turnover, resulting in more consistent and familiar service Courtesy of Wegmans Food Markets
- 22. 4-22 Organizational Commitment Affective commitment Emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in an organization Continuance commitment Belief that staying with the organization serves your personal interests
- 23. 4-23 Building Organizational Commitment Justice and support Apply humanitarian values Support employee wellbeing Shared values Values congruence Trust Employees trust org leaders Job security supports trust Organizational comprehension Know firm’s past/present/future Open and rapid communication Employee involvement Employees feel part of company Involvement demonstrates trust