The document outlines a leadership and organizational behavior course, focusing on emotions, emotional intelligence, attitudes, and cognitive dissonance. It emphasizes the importance of attitudes in the workplace, highlighting how they influence behavior and perceptions toward job satisfaction and productivity. The course also discusses the significant impact of attitudes on individual success in employment and organizational dynamics.

1. Leadership and Organization
Behavior
Course Code: MGT-537
Class: MBA IV & BBA VIII
By: Dr. Hina Shahab
Assistant Professor
NUML, Management Sciences Dept.
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2. Lecture Outline
1. Emotions
2. Emotional Labor
3. Emotional Intelligence
4. Attitudes
5. Components of attitude
6. Emotions Vs. Attitudes
7. Emotions in Attitudes
8. Cognitive Dissonance
9. Reducing Cognitive Dissonance
10. Importance of Attitudes
11. Major Job Attitudes
12. Causes of Job Satisfaction
13. Outcomes of Job Satisfaction
14. Attitudes causes Behavior through
Intentions

3. Emotions at Workplace
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• Emotions Defined: Psychological, behavioral, and
physiological episodes experienced toward an object,
person, or event that create a state of readiness.

4. Emotional Intelligence Model
1-4

5. • Attitude is view point, a mind-set or
a way of valuing life.
• Evaluative statements of objects,
people or events.
• A collection of feelings.
• Multiple experiences which leads to
beliefs.
• Beliefs cluster together to form
values (that which you value).
• Values of life shape itself, into a
world view called ATTITUDE.
WHAT IS ATTITUDE??

6. WHAT IS ATTITUDE??
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• Attitudes are evaluative statements—either favorable
or unfavorable—about objects, people, or events. They
reflect how we feel about something. When I say “I like
my job,” I am expressing my attitude about work.

7. Components of attitudes
• cognitive component of an attitude— a description of or
belief in the way things are.
– “My pay is low”
• cognitive component sets the stage for the more critical
part of an attitude—its affective component . Affect is the
emotional or feeling segment of an attitude and is
reflected in the statement
– “I am angry over how little I’m paid.”
• Finally, affect can lead to behavioral outcomes. The
behavioral component of an attitude describes an
intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or
something—to continue the example,
– “I’m going to look for another job that pays better.”

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9. Cognitive Dissonance theory
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• Leon Festinger, in the late 1950s, proposed the theory of cognitive
dissonance, seeking to explain the linkage between attitudes and
behavior. He argued that any form of inconsistency is
uncomfortable and that individuals will attempt to reduce the
dissonance.
• Dissonance means “an inconsistency.”
• In simple words…
• The feeling of uncomfortable tension which comes from holding two
conflicting thoughts in the mind at the same time
• Cognitive Dissonance: Any incompatibility between two or more
attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

10. Desire to reduce dissonance
• The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop.
• When the fox fails to reach the grapes, he
decides he doesn't want them after all, an
example of adaptive preference formation
designed to reduce cognitive dissonance.
1-10
• Importance of elements creating dissonance
• Degree of individual influence over elements
• Rewards involved in dissonance

11. 1-11

12. Importance of Attitudes
• Why attitudes are important for their
behavioral components in organization?
– If workers believe, for example, that supervisors,
auditors, bosses, and time-and-motion engineers
are all in conspiracy to make employees work
harder for the same or less money, it makes sense
to try to understand how these attitudes formed,
how they relate to actual job behavior, and how
they might be changed.

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All rights reserved.
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16. 90 % ATTITUDE
10 % KNOWLEDGE
90 %
10 %
10 %
A study by HARVARD UNIVERSITY found
that when a person gets a job, 90 % of
the time is because of their attitude
and only 10 % because of how smart
they are and how many fact and
figures they know.
If YOU look at what you do NOT HAVE in your life, you don’t
have ANYTHING …
if you look at what you HAVE in you life, you have
EVERYTHING.

17. Attitudes is of two types

18. • Smile easily
• Willing to change ideas and
behavior
• Can see another person’s point of
view
• Rarely complains
• Accepts responsibility for
mistakes
• Seldom criticizes others
• Is considerate of others
• Look others people in eyes when
talking with them
• Respects other opinion of others
• Never make excuse
• Has a variety of interests
• Rarely smiles
• Unwilling to change
• Can’t see another person’s point
of view
• Blames others for own mistakes
• Very critical of others
• Thinks only of self
• Does not look other people in the
eyes
• Forces own opinions on others
• Often makes excuses
• Has few interests
Positive Negative

19. THE BENEFITS OF A POSITIVE
ATTITUDE
Benefits For You-
• Makes for a pleasing
personality
• Is energizing
• Increases your enjoyment of
life
• Inspires others around you
• Helps you become a
contributing member of society
and an asset to your country.
For The Organization
• Increases productivity
• Solves problem
• Improves quality
• Makes for a congenial atmosphere
• Breeds loyalty
• Increases profits
• Fosters better relationships with
employers, employees and
customers
• Reduces stress
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Weakness of ATTITUDE becomes weakness
of CHARACTER.

20. CONSEQUENCES OF OUR NEGATIVE ATTITUDE ARE :-
Experience fear, blame , complain ,
frustration
Bitterness
Broken relationship
Ego & hurt
Panic & anxiety
High level of stress
No vision, no ideas for success
Boring, unproductive and miserable life
Feel insecure
No imagination, see problems, find faults
No meaningful goals, no plans, no clear
direction
vercome your negative attitude