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Emerald Ash Borer
The document discusses the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), an invasive beetle that was first detected in Maryland in 2004. It has since caused extensive damage to ash trees. The summary describes: 1) Eradication efforts were undertaken in 2005 and 2007-2009 after initial detections, but the beetle continued to spread. 2) Monitoring and biocontrol methods using natural predators from the beetle's native Asia are now being used in an attempt to control further spread. 3) Homeowners and municipalities are encouraged to treat high-value ash trees with insecticides, remove low-value trees, and replace lost ashes with non-ash species to maintain urban forests.
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Emerald Ash Borer
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- 2. Feed incambium and disrupt water/nutrient flow Found in PGs Co. in ‘04 Eradication effort in ‘05 Detected in ‘06 Re-eradication effort in ‘07 – ’09 Monitoring and biocontrol till present Emerald Ash Borer
- 3. Emerald Ash Borer Adult emerges in sync with black locust flowers
- 4. Feed incambium and disrupt water/nutrient flow Found in PGs Co. in ‘04 Eradication effort in ‘05 Detected in ‘06 Re-eradication effort in ‘07 – ’09 Monitoring and biocontrol till present Emerald Ash Borer
- 5. D-shaped exit holes Barksplits Serpentine galleries Symptoms of Attack by EAB Courtesy of Al Sawyer
- 6. David Roberts, MSU MI Deptof Agriculture The upper third of a tree dies back first, followed by the rest the next year. This is followed by many shoots or sprouts emerging below dead portions of the trunk. S-shaped galleries under bark Symptoms of attack by EAB James W. Smith Courtesy of Mike Raupp
- 7. Woodpecker activity isan ‘early warning sign’ of emerald ash borers. R.Anderson, USDA FS J. Solomon, USDA FS So are bark fissures Vertical split in bark above larval gallery David Roberts, MSU Courtesy of Mike Raupp
- 8. …lookalike diseases causedby microorganisms. Ash yellows (caused by phytoplasma organisms) Ash anthracnose (caused by a fungus) Verticillium wilt (caused by a fungus) North Dakota State U. U. Of MN Extension Forestry at Auburn U. Courtesy of Mike Raupp
- 9. …there are anumber of less lethal native borer insects that cause similar symptoms in ash trees… Banded ash clearwing and lilac borer moths Banded ash borer J. Solomon, USDA FS Red-headed ash borer G.Csoka,HungaryForestResearch Carpenterworm moth W. Hoffard, USDA FS J. Solomon, USDA FS J. Solomon, USDA FS Cliff Sadof, Purdue U. Ash privet borer Courtesy of Mike Raupp
- 10. “How to tell”signs of Emerald Ash Borer and Clearwing Borers
- 12. Emerald Ash Borer EradicationZone 16,000 acres 3,000 acre bump-out after new detections (7/31/07) 12,000 trees removed 2008 winter 25,000 trees removed winter All ash >1 in. DBH
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- 14. Emerald Ash Borer Primary vector
- 15. Quarantine All ofMD west of the Chesapeake Bay and Susquehanna River Most states: all quarantined Other states: quarantine by county or region
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- 21. December 15, 2011APHIS, Pest Control, and the Wood Trade
- 24. Quarantine What doesit mean? No transport of EAB across line No transport of living or bark-on ash products across line No transport of hardwood firewood across line Most but not all interstate transport within quarantine zone is OK
- 26. A Little Help Courtesyof Philip Bell
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- 29. How long dowe have? (2009 estimates) ~1/2 mile per year City Distance Upper Marlboro 6 miles District of Columbia 6 miles Waldorf 8 miles La Plata 15 miles College Park 15 miles Bowie 19 miles Baltimore 48 miles Arrival Date 2010 2010 2012 2021 2021 2025 2059
- 30. How long dowe have? 2013 estimate Until the next load of untreated firewood
- 31. Ash treesprovide services like pollution removal, carbon storage and sequestration, and energy savings The US Forest Service estimates that the value of the ash resource within Baltimore County’s Urban-Rural Demarcation Line is $353M Effective control options are available, but are most effective when used together with a management plan
- 33. Emerald Ash Borer Purple traps
- 34. Emerald Ash Borer Control Imidacloprid May to early June Soil drench, 1 oz. per inch circumference Amount needed per in. DBH may increase with tree size Annual application 1 year for protection on young trees (<6 in. DBH), 2 years in older trees Available to homeowners Trunk injection also available
- 35. Emerald Ash Borer Control Emamectin Benzoate (Tree-äge) Registered for EAB in all states where present Trunk injection (systemic) Used as preventive measure in valuable landscape trees Has 2-3 year protection/application Studies show high efficacy Effectiveness lessened by low initial tree vigor Available to professionals only
- 37. Control Dinotefuran isregistered for basal trunk bark: spray on lower trunk with garden sprayer soil application Remember… Always follow instructions on the label—it’s the law!
- 38. Emerald Ash Borer Othercontrol options Tree removal/replacement Bifenthrin Cyfluthrin Permethrin Carbaryl Botanigard Spinosad
- 39. Compromise Maintain thebenefits of large trees (>24 in.) Treat with emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge®) every 2 or 3 years Replace smaller trees with non-ash species
- 40. Key Points andSummary Insecticides can effectively protect ash trees from EAB Only treat a tree if EAB within 15 miles Trees with more than 50% canopy decline are unlikely to recover even if treated Emamectin benzoate is the only product tested to date that controls EAB for more than one year with a single application; it also provided a higher level of control than other products in side-by-side studies
- 41. Key Points andSummary XytectTM soil treatments are labeled for application at a higher maximum rate than other imidacloprid formulations: useful for large trees Treatment programs must comply with any label restrictions on the amount of insecticide that can be applied
- 43. Biocontrol Progress Fourparasitoids found in China and US Egg Parasitoid: Oobius agrili Larval Parasitoids: Spathius agrili Tetrastichus planipennisi Pre-pupal Parasitoid: Scleroderma sp. Courtesy of Philip Bell
- 44. Emerald Ash Borer Cost of infestation expected: $10-20 billion in losses to urban forests over the next 10 years Urban density of ash trees Mean of cities in EAB range: 53/ha (131/ac) Baltimore: 244/ha (603/ac) Consider cost of live takedown v. dead takedown
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- 46. Emerald Ash Borer Outreachand education O'Malley declared May 18-24 Emerald Ash Borer Awareness Week in Maryland 2008 Summer-long campaign with the minor- league Bowie Baysox Fact sheets, ID cards, HGIC hotline First responder training www.mda.state.md.us/plants-pests/eab http://www.emeraldashborer.info/ County/municipal decision maker workshops
- 49. EAB ID cardset 1000 general 200 Master Logger 500 Bayer Advanced Apps Poster Meeting Follow-up
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- 52. Coming Soon NIFARegional IPM grant EDDSmaps Expansion of ID card set Boxwood blight Sudden oak death Sirex wood wasp Kudzu Bug