Permaculture Design Project for Wild Meadows Farm prepared for Permaculture Certificate Course 2005. Reviews permaculture principles and applies to 195 acre PA farm. Reviews farm characteristics and includes one and 5 year plan for transition to organic management and permaculture management
This document provides a brief history of Bundoran Farm, a 2,300 acre property in Albemarle County, Virginia. It describes how the land was likely cultivated by the indigenous Monacan people prior to European settlement. Early settlers grew tobacco but lacked understanding of sustainable farming practices. The land is now ideal for apple orchards and pasturelands. Bundoran Farm has been carefully stewarded for decades through sustainable management of forests, pastures, and orchards.
This document provides an overview of Bundoran Farm, a 2,300 acre property in Albemarle County, Virginia. The farm contains productive pastureland and orchards, mature forests, streams, ponds, and historic buildings. The property has been carefully stewarded for decades through sustainable agricultural and forestry practices. The document discusses plans to establish a new type of rural community on the farm that balances limited residential development with long-term protection of the majority of the farm's agricultural and environmental resources through conservation easements.
This is an independent report into the establishment of Christmas tree crops on one of the Greenwood Management forestry investment sites situated in York county, New Brunswick Canada. Greenwood Management have substantial investments in the region owning and operating three sites stretching from York county outside of the city of Fredericton New Brunswick through to Grand Falls in the North of the county.
Christmas trees are predominantly exported from the state of new Brunswick to the United states. Christmas trees have become a specialized tree crop over the years and breeding trees for slow growth has dramatically changed the way the tree foliage appears. In this forestry investment report the establishment of forestry crops on the York county site development is covered including land preparation and planting costs tailed for the project.
Further to the successful development of the York county site in New Brunswick Greenwood Management (GWM) expanded its activities converting two additional sites comprising of a further 300 acres.
It is therefore expected that Greenwood Management will account for approximately 6% of the total Christmas tree production in the state by 2018.
Alongside the company's already established forestry investment projects in Canada the company also owns and operates substantial farm forestry areas in the Bahia region of Brazil. Currently the company has approximately 5,000 hectares of plantation forestry in the state of Bahia and is expected to aggressively expand the company's forestry investment projects in the region over the next few years. Alongside this company also has an established horticultural division producing farm food crops for the domestic Brazilian market.
Holistic Management is an adaptive decision-making framework that focuses on managing whole systems for more effective natural resource management. It involves understanding ecosystem processes and partnering with nature to improve soil health, water infiltration, habitat, and carbon sequestration. Key principles include planned grazing to simulate natural herbivore impacts which increases plant and animal diversity, soil carbon, water retention, and profitability, while decreasing labor needs and bare ground.
This study examined the impacts of different landscape treatments on plant species richness within road corridors and adjacent ecosystems. It found that road verges had higher species richness than adjacent fields. Species richness was higher on soil slopes treated with the new post-guideline approach compared to the pre-guideline approach. On rock slopes, species richness did not differ significantly between the pre-guideline planted approach and the post-guideline natural recolonization approach. The soil seed bank contributed additional plant species, particularly on naturally recolonized slopes. Lower soil fertility was associated with higher species richness, suggesting the new landscape treatments help prevent establishment of invasive species.
Shifting cultivation, also known as slash and burn agriculture, is a farming method used by over 300,000 people worldwide. It involves clearing areas of forest for crops, which are grown for a few years until soil fertility declines, at which point a new area is cleared. Population densities are very low, around 1 person per square kilometer, due to the dispersed settlement pattern required with frequent field relocation. Crops grown include manioc, maize, bananas, and other fruits and vegetables. After several years of use, fields are abandoned to allow the forest and soil nutrients to recover through natural regeneration.
Water retention lanscape and agro-forestry in Northern LebanonMagnus Wolfe Murray
This document proposes a landscape regeneration and food security project in Northern Lebanon. It provides background on the region, which hosts many Syrian refugees with lack of water for agriculture. The project aims to increase water retention through dams and ditches to collect rainfall, enabling more productive agriculture and jobs. It discusses designing water retention landscapes, training refugee and local families in organic gardening, vertical gardens, biogas systems, and establishing a team to support other families. The goal is to improve food security, livelihoods, and disseminate effective water retention strategies to stabilize the region.
This document describes a study demonstrating how managing hay feeding can build soil fertility without commercial fertilizers. Over two years, hay was unrolled across demonstration fields rather than feeding in the same area each time. Soil samples showed that phosphorus increased by 22 lbs/A and potassium increased by 172 lbs/A in year 1, and phosphorus increased again by 22 lbs/A and potassium by 148 lbs/A in year 2. By spreading the nutrients from hay and manure across the fields, soil fertility was increased without purchasing commercial fertilizers, saving producers money and preventing the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in small areas.
This document provides a brief history of Bundoran Farm, a 2,300 acre property in Albemarle County, Virginia. It describes how the land was likely cultivated by the indigenous Monacan people prior to European settlement. Early settlers grew tobacco but lacked understanding of sustainable farming practices. The land is now ideal for apple orchards and pasturelands. Bundoran Farm has been carefully stewarded for decades through sustainable management of forests, pastures, and orchards.
This document provides an overview of Bundoran Farm, a 2,300 acre property in Albemarle County, Virginia. The farm contains productive pastureland and orchards, mature forests, streams, ponds, and historic buildings. The property has been carefully stewarded for decades through sustainable agricultural and forestry practices. The document discusses plans to establish a new type of rural community on the farm that balances limited residential development with long-term protection of the majority of the farm's agricultural and environmental resources through conservation easements.
This is an independent report into the establishment of Christmas tree crops on one of the Greenwood Management forestry investment sites situated in York county, New Brunswick Canada. Greenwood Management have substantial investments in the region owning and operating three sites stretching from York county outside of the city of Fredericton New Brunswick through to Grand Falls in the North of the county.
Christmas trees are predominantly exported from the state of new Brunswick to the United states. Christmas trees have become a specialized tree crop over the years and breeding trees for slow growth has dramatically changed the way the tree foliage appears. In this forestry investment report the establishment of forestry crops on the York county site development is covered including land preparation and planting costs tailed for the project.
Further to the successful development of the York county site in New Brunswick Greenwood Management (GWM) expanded its activities converting two additional sites comprising of a further 300 acres.
It is therefore expected that Greenwood Management will account for approximately 6% of the total Christmas tree production in the state by 2018.
Alongside the company's already established forestry investment projects in Canada the company also owns and operates substantial farm forestry areas in the Bahia region of Brazil. Currently the company has approximately 5,000 hectares of plantation forestry in the state of Bahia and is expected to aggressively expand the company's forestry investment projects in the region over the next few years. Alongside this company also has an established horticultural division producing farm food crops for the domestic Brazilian market.
Holistic Management is an adaptive decision-making framework that focuses on managing whole systems for more effective natural resource management. It involves understanding ecosystem processes and partnering with nature to improve soil health, water infiltration, habitat, and carbon sequestration. Key principles include planned grazing to simulate natural herbivore impacts which increases plant and animal diversity, soil carbon, water retention, and profitability, while decreasing labor needs and bare ground.
This study examined the impacts of different landscape treatments on plant species richness within road corridors and adjacent ecosystems. It found that road verges had higher species richness than adjacent fields. Species richness was higher on soil slopes treated with the new post-guideline approach compared to the pre-guideline approach. On rock slopes, species richness did not differ significantly between the pre-guideline planted approach and the post-guideline natural recolonization approach. The soil seed bank contributed additional plant species, particularly on naturally recolonized slopes. Lower soil fertility was associated with higher species richness, suggesting the new landscape treatments help prevent establishment of invasive species.
Shifting cultivation, also known as slash and burn agriculture, is a farming method used by over 300,000 people worldwide. It involves clearing areas of forest for crops, which are grown for a few years until soil fertility declines, at which point a new area is cleared. Population densities are very low, around 1 person per square kilometer, due to the dispersed settlement pattern required with frequent field relocation. Crops grown include manioc, maize, bananas, and other fruits and vegetables. After several years of use, fields are abandoned to allow the forest and soil nutrients to recover through natural regeneration.
Water retention lanscape and agro-forestry in Northern LebanonMagnus Wolfe Murray
This document proposes a landscape regeneration and food security project in Northern Lebanon. It provides background on the region, which hosts many Syrian refugees with lack of water for agriculture. The project aims to increase water retention through dams and ditches to collect rainfall, enabling more productive agriculture and jobs. It discusses designing water retention landscapes, training refugee and local families in organic gardening, vertical gardens, biogas systems, and establishing a team to support other families. The goal is to improve food security, livelihoods, and disseminate effective water retention strategies to stabilize the region.
This document describes a study demonstrating how managing hay feeding can build soil fertility without commercial fertilizers. Over two years, hay was unrolled across demonstration fields rather than feeding in the same area each time. Soil samples showed that phosphorus increased by 22 lbs/A and potassium increased by 172 lbs/A in year 1, and phosphorus increased again by 22 lbs/A and potassium by 148 lbs/A in year 2. By spreading the nutrients from hay and manure across the fields, soil fertility was increased without purchasing commercial fertilizers, saving producers money and preventing the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in small areas.
This document discusses improving fodder productivity on gochar (grazing) lands in arid regions of Rajasthan to support sustainable livestock production. It notes that gochar lands face degradation from overgrazing, lack of vegetation, and encroachment. It proposes forming village committees to inventory lands, develop restoration plans including fencing, field preparation, and sowing drought-resistant Cenchrus grass species. With proper sowing and rainwater harvesting techniques, grass coverage and 2-3 cuttings of 4-5 tons of dry fodder per hectare can be achieved annually to support the large and important livestock populations in the region.
25 th agro ecological zone in bangladeshsaifur rahman
This document summarizes information about the 25th agro-ecological zone (AEZ) of Bangladesh, called the Level Barind Tract. It occupies about 80% of the Barind Tract region and covers 5049 square kilometers across several districts. The Level Barind Tract has a level landscape with small local differences in elevation. It has clay-based soils that are poorly drained and prone to flooding during rains but very dry during non-rainy seasons. Major crops include aman rice, aus rice, wheat, and potatoes, but crop productivity faces constraints of soil fertility issues, flooding, and irregular rainfall.
Landscaping with Nature Brochure by Gioia KussGioia Kuss
This document provides guidance on landscaping property to support nature conservation. It recommends developing a landscape plan that maps out existing vegetation and infrastructure, identifies soil and drainage areas, and considers creating rain gardens and succession areas. The Champlain Valley region was historically forested but is now only 30% forested in towns near Lake Champlain. The document recommends keeping and reforesting large forest blocks, allowing old fields to grow into forest, maintaining forest and stream buffers, and siting development to limit forest fragmentation.
Soil Fertility in Uvinza District, Kigoma Tanzaniawickama
The study covered 16 villages in Uvinza District, Kigoma with the objective of assessing soil fertility as well assessing alternative crops for that District
The agroecological zones of Bangladesh have been identified on the basis of four elements such as physiography, soils, land levels in relation to flooding and agroclimatology. ... These 30 zones have been subdivided into 88 agroecological sub-regions, which have been further subdivided into 535 agroecological units.
By; Mahedi Hasan Zahid
Student at IUBAT Under the College of Agricultural Sciences.
Batch; 192
This presentation by Naw Ei Ei Min
was given at a session titled "How indigenous peoples use landscapes approaches to conserve forests: Good practices and challenges for food security and livelihoods" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 6, 2014.
The panel focused on the roles and contributions of indigenous women in landscape forest management. Also, the experiences from REDD+ in Asia were shared, linking it with the land use of indigenous peoples.
Highlight of small ruminant production system in Bale, Southeastern EthiopiaILRI
The document discusses small ruminant production systems in Bale, Ethiopia, noting that the region has significant sheep and goat populations that are important to livelihoods but face challenges including feed shortages, disease pressures, and poor infrastructure. It outlines research at the Sinana Agricultural Research Center focusing on forage improvement, animal health and production studies to develop solutions addressing the major constraints limiting small ruminant productivity in the area.
The document discusses strategies for soil conservation during construction projects. It describes how topsoil can be affected by excavation, deforestation, erosion, and paving during construction. Solutions discussed include retaining vegetation cover, properly storing and replacing topsoil, using sediment control measures like silt fencing and basins, contouring land, and afforestation. Stormwater management strategies are also important to prevent soil runoff and erosion. Two case studies of buildings that implemented soil conservation strategies are briefly described.
Jhum cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation or slash-and-burn agriculture, is an indigenous farming method practiced by tribal communities in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. In jhum cultivation, small trees and shrubs are cut down and burned, and various crops like rice, maize, and vegetables are sown and grown without pesticides or fertilizers. After several years of cultivation when soil fertility declines, farmers shift to new plots, burning the previous areas to restore nutrients to the soil. While jhum cultivation allows for organic farming and regeneration of forest land, shorter cultivation cycles in recent times have increased greenhouse gas emissions and accelerated soil erosion.
This document discusses various erosion control measures for soil and water conservation. It describes agronomic measures like contour cropping, strip cropping, and mulching which control erosion by reducing rain drop impact and increasing infiltration. Mechanical measures like bunding and terracing are also discussed. Bunds are embankments constructed across slopes to slow water flow, while terraces convert steep slopes into level platforms separated by retaining walls to control runoff. Different types of bunding, terracing and their applications are explained in detail.
Artificial glaciers are a water conservation technique used in the high altitude desert region of Ladakh, India. Glacial meltwater is diverted in the winter to shaded hillsides where it accumulates as ice over several months, forming an "artificial glacier". This stores water for irrigation and domestic use during the summer months when natural glaciers are melting. The technique benefits farmers by enabling two crop harvests per year and improving food security. It also recharges groundwater, increases agricultural land and vegetation cover, and reduces migration by providing more reliable water resources.
Bench terracing involves constructing level or sloped platforms across a hillside to reduce soil erosion and facilitate agriculture. It has been used for thousands of years around the world. Bench terracing is well-suited to steep slopes under 30% with stable soil. It can improve crop yields by slowing runoff, increasing infiltration, and allowing different crops on benches. However, bench terracing requires significant labor to construct and maintain properly to prevent failures. Examples of historic and current bench terracing can be seen around the world, from the Philippines to France, the Middle East, and Asia.
Major rice ecologies in Ghana include rainfed lowlands, upland, and irrigated systems. Rainfed lowlands are distributed across all regions but upland is concentrated in Volta and Western regions. There are 22 irrigation schemes but only 13 are used for rice. Irrigated ecology yields the highest but all face challenges from abiotic and biotic stresses. Primary processing involves drying, threshing, winnowing and storage while secondary processing includes parboiling and milling. Constraints include poor quality paddy, inefficient equipment and lack of infrastructure. Recent technologies focus on improved handling, packaging, branding and linkages between value chain actors.
This document provides an overview of non-living natural resources with a focus on water resources. It discusses how water is a renewable but limited resource and describes the water cycle. It also discusses challenges facing water resources like pollution and overdrawing of supplies. The document concludes by discussing land use, soil erosion, food production, and challenges of desertification.
This document provides an overview of non-living natural resources with a focus on water resources. It discusses how water is a renewable but limited resource and describes the water cycle. It also discusses challenges facing water resources like pollution and overdrawing of supplies. The document concludes by discussing land use, soil erosion, food production, and challenges of desertification.
This document provides information about the cold desert climate and geography of Ladakh, India. It discusses the climate characteristics of cold deserts including very hot summers and bitterly cold winters with low precipitation. It then describes specific climate data for Ladakh including average temperatures and precipitation levels. The document also outlines the effects of global warming on cold deserts such as declining rainfall in some areas and increasing rainfall in others.
1) The landscape of Great Britain has evolved dramatically over time from being scraped clean by glaciers after the ice age to being dominated by human activity and land use changes like farming.
2) Farming was one of the first major changes that occurred and led to the rural landscape being fragmented into a patchwork of different land cover types like woodland, grassland, and farmland.
3) Today, the English landscape is almost entirely a result of human activity and changes rather than natural forces, with urbanization being another significant driver of landscape change over the centuries.
This document summarizes natural resources and their classification. It discusses renewable resources like water, soil, wind and sun that can replenish within a human lifetime. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, ores and minerals took millions of years to form and exist in fixed amounts. The document also covers alternative energy resources, forest resources, water resources, and problems associated with overexploitation of natural resources like deforestation, depletion of non-renewable resources, and conflicts over shared water systems.
The document summarizes the 8 physical regions of North America: Western Cordillera, The Intermountain Range, The Interior Plains, The Coastal Plains, The Appalachian Region, The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowland, The Canadian Shield, and The Arctic. Each region is described in terms of its topography, climate, vegetation, economic activity, and environmental concerns. The document provides detailed information on the defining geographic characteristics of each region.
This document discusses improving fodder productivity on gochar (grazing) lands in arid regions of Rajasthan to support sustainable livestock production. It notes that gochar lands face degradation from overgrazing, lack of vegetation, and encroachment. It proposes forming village committees to inventory lands, develop restoration plans including fencing, field preparation, and sowing drought-resistant Cenchrus grass species. With proper sowing and rainwater harvesting techniques, grass coverage and 2-3 cuttings of 4-5 tons of dry fodder per hectare can be achieved annually to support the large and important livestock populations in the region.
25 th agro ecological zone in bangladeshsaifur rahman
This document summarizes information about the 25th agro-ecological zone (AEZ) of Bangladesh, called the Level Barind Tract. It occupies about 80% of the Barind Tract region and covers 5049 square kilometers across several districts. The Level Barind Tract has a level landscape with small local differences in elevation. It has clay-based soils that are poorly drained and prone to flooding during rains but very dry during non-rainy seasons. Major crops include aman rice, aus rice, wheat, and potatoes, but crop productivity faces constraints of soil fertility issues, flooding, and irregular rainfall.
Landscaping with Nature Brochure by Gioia KussGioia Kuss
This document provides guidance on landscaping property to support nature conservation. It recommends developing a landscape plan that maps out existing vegetation and infrastructure, identifies soil and drainage areas, and considers creating rain gardens and succession areas. The Champlain Valley region was historically forested but is now only 30% forested in towns near Lake Champlain. The document recommends keeping and reforesting large forest blocks, allowing old fields to grow into forest, maintaining forest and stream buffers, and siting development to limit forest fragmentation.
Soil Fertility in Uvinza District, Kigoma Tanzaniawickama
The study covered 16 villages in Uvinza District, Kigoma with the objective of assessing soil fertility as well assessing alternative crops for that District
The agroecological zones of Bangladesh have been identified on the basis of four elements such as physiography, soils, land levels in relation to flooding and agroclimatology. ... These 30 zones have been subdivided into 88 agroecological sub-regions, which have been further subdivided into 535 agroecological units.
By; Mahedi Hasan Zahid
Student at IUBAT Under the College of Agricultural Sciences.
Batch; 192
This presentation by Naw Ei Ei Min
was given at a session titled "How indigenous peoples use landscapes approaches to conserve forests: Good practices and challenges for food security and livelihoods" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 6, 2014.
The panel focused on the roles and contributions of indigenous women in landscape forest management. Also, the experiences from REDD+ in Asia were shared, linking it with the land use of indigenous peoples.
Highlight of small ruminant production system in Bale, Southeastern EthiopiaILRI
The document discusses small ruminant production systems in Bale, Ethiopia, noting that the region has significant sheep and goat populations that are important to livelihoods but face challenges including feed shortages, disease pressures, and poor infrastructure. It outlines research at the Sinana Agricultural Research Center focusing on forage improvement, animal health and production studies to develop solutions addressing the major constraints limiting small ruminant productivity in the area.
The document discusses strategies for soil conservation during construction projects. It describes how topsoil can be affected by excavation, deforestation, erosion, and paving during construction. Solutions discussed include retaining vegetation cover, properly storing and replacing topsoil, using sediment control measures like silt fencing and basins, contouring land, and afforestation. Stormwater management strategies are also important to prevent soil runoff and erosion. Two case studies of buildings that implemented soil conservation strategies are briefly described.
Jhum cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation or slash-and-burn agriculture, is an indigenous farming method practiced by tribal communities in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. In jhum cultivation, small trees and shrubs are cut down and burned, and various crops like rice, maize, and vegetables are sown and grown without pesticides or fertilizers. After several years of cultivation when soil fertility declines, farmers shift to new plots, burning the previous areas to restore nutrients to the soil. While jhum cultivation allows for organic farming and regeneration of forest land, shorter cultivation cycles in recent times have increased greenhouse gas emissions and accelerated soil erosion.
This document discusses various erosion control measures for soil and water conservation. It describes agronomic measures like contour cropping, strip cropping, and mulching which control erosion by reducing rain drop impact and increasing infiltration. Mechanical measures like bunding and terracing are also discussed. Bunds are embankments constructed across slopes to slow water flow, while terraces convert steep slopes into level platforms separated by retaining walls to control runoff. Different types of bunding, terracing and their applications are explained in detail.
Artificial glaciers are a water conservation technique used in the high altitude desert region of Ladakh, India. Glacial meltwater is diverted in the winter to shaded hillsides where it accumulates as ice over several months, forming an "artificial glacier". This stores water for irrigation and domestic use during the summer months when natural glaciers are melting. The technique benefits farmers by enabling two crop harvests per year and improving food security. It also recharges groundwater, increases agricultural land and vegetation cover, and reduces migration by providing more reliable water resources.
Bench terracing involves constructing level or sloped platforms across a hillside to reduce soil erosion and facilitate agriculture. It has been used for thousands of years around the world. Bench terracing is well-suited to steep slopes under 30% with stable soil. It can improve crop yields by slowing runoff, increasing infiltration, and allowing different crops on benches. However, bench terracing requires significant labor to construct and maintain properly to prevent failures. Examples of historic and current bench terracing can be seen around the world, from the Philippines to France, the Middle East, and Asia.
Major rice ecologies in Ghana include rainfed lowlands, upland, and irrigated systems. Rainfed lowlands are distributed across all regions but upland is concentrated in Volta and Western regions. There are 22 irrigation schemes but only 13 are used for rice. Irrigated ecology yields the highest but all face challenges from abiotic and biotic stresses. Primary processing involves drying, threshing, winnowing and storage while secondary processing includes parboiling and milling. Constraints include poor quality paddy, inefficient equipment and lack of infrastructure. Recent technologies focus on improved handling, packaging, branding and linkages between value chain actors.
This document provides an overview of non-living natural resources with a focus on water resources. It discusses how water is a renewable but limited resource and describes the water cycle. It also discusses challenges facing water resources like pollution and overdrawing of supplies. The document concludes by discussing land use, soil erosion, food production, and challenges of desertification.
This document provides an overview of non-living natural resources with a focus on water resources. It discusses how water is a renewable but limited resource and describes the water cycle. It also discusses challenges facing water resources like pollution and overdrawing of supplies. The document concludes by discussing land use, soil erosion, food production, and challenges of desertification.
This document provides information about the cold desert climate and geography of Ladakh, India. It discusses the climate characteristics of cold deserts including very hot summers and bitterly cold winters with low precipitation. It then describes specific climate data for Ladakh including average temperatures and precipitation levels. The document also outlines the effects of global warming on cold deserts such as declining rainfall in some areas and increasing rainfall in others.
1) The landscape of Great Britain has evolved dramatically over time from being scraped clean by glaciers after the ice age to being dominated by human activity and land use changes like farming.
2) Farming was one of the first major changes that occurred and led to the rural landscape being fragmented into a patchwork of different land cover types like woodland, grassland, and farmland.
3) Today, the English landscape is almost entirely a result of human activity and changes rather than natural forces, with urbanization being another significant driver of landscape change over the centuries.
This document summarizes natural resources and their classification. It discusses renewable resources like water, soil, wind and sun that can replenish within a human lifetime. Non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, ores and minerals took millions of years to form and exist in fixed amounts. The document also covers alternative energy resources, forest resources, water resources, and problems associated with overexploitation of natural resources like deforestation, depletion of non-renewable resources, and conflicts over shared water systems.
The document summarizes the 8 physical regions of North America: Western Cordillera, The Intermountain Range, The Interior Plains, The Coastal Plains, The Appalachian Region, The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowland, The Canadian Shield, and The Arctic. Each region is described in terms of its topography, climate, vegetation, economic activity, and environmental concerns. The document provides detailed information on the defining geographic characteristics of each region.
Landforms and Soils of Pakistan (Nadeem Ahmed).pptnahmedssp
This document discusses landforms and soils of Pakistan. It describes the major landforms as mountains, Potwar uplands, sandy deserts, piedmont plains, river terraces/plains, and the Indus delta. For each landform, the document discusses location, climate, geology, vegetation, and characteristic soil types. The major soil orders found in Pakistan include aridisols, entisols, inceptisols, vertisols and mollisols. Pedogenic processes and factors affecting soil formation are also summarized.
The document discusses the prairies of the Great Plains of North America. It describes three main types of prairies from east to west - tallgrass prairie, mixed grass prairie, and shortgrass prairie - which differ in their dominant grass species and climate due to decreasing precipitation. The prairies originated around 10,000 years ago after glacial retreat left grasslands too dry for forests to reestablish. Today, only small fragments of intact prairie remain due to agricultural and urban development.
Strengthening Agriculture in Tribal and Hill AreasRamanjaneyulu GV
The document discusses how tribal communities in India have historically relied on forests for food, fodder, and other resources through customary rights. However, British and post-Independence forest policies centralized control over forests, depriving tribes of their livelihoods and undermining their relationship with forests. This has weakened food security in tribal areas through land alienation, deforestation, and loss of access to natural resources. The document proposes strengthening food security for tribes through sustainable forest management practices, boosting local agriculture, and providing social safety nets.
Watershed management experiences in Amhara Region, EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Fentahun Mengistu at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
In this ppt you will see complete covered of Geography chapter-Temperate Grassland based on NCERT,
In this PPT details discuss of climatic condition, flora and fauna, and people of this area engage in different occupation.
i will complete discuss of prairies and velds grassland.
Watershed management aims to conserve soil and water resources through various treatment measures. Deterioration of watersheds occurs due to faulty agriculture, forestry, mining and other human activities, resulting in less production, increased erosion, and lowered water tables. Watershed development components include soil management, water management, afforestation, and other interdependent activities. Measures for watershed treatment include contour trenches, bench terracing, check dams, plantation, and other methods suitable for agricultural land and hill slopes. The overall goal is to develop watersheds in a sustainable manner.
The document discusses ecosystems and communities. It defines succession as the regular changes in community structure over time. Succession can be primary, starting with no organisms, or secondary, starting with a disturbed existing ecosystem. Biomes are large terrestrial climax communities determined primarily by climate factors like temperature and precipitation. Major biomes described include deserts, grasslands, savannas, rainforests, and forests. Aquatic ecosystems are shaped by factors like water depth, temperature, and salt content, and include estuaries, lakes, rivers, and oceans. Human impacts like agriculture, logging, and pollution are discussed for many ecosystems.
PPT lecture about hill cities of west and south India. With photographs sourced from the internet from various photographers. All credit of photographs rest with the photographers. The lecture was used for non-profit teaching only.
David Asbury owns and operates several organic farms in Colorado, including Full Circle Farms and Rocky Mountain Pumpkin Ranch. He recently purchased Strawberry Hill Farm, a five-acre property that had been neglected. The mission is to design an organic commercial apple orchard on the property that includes soil-enriching plants and creates a regenerative environment for people, wildlife, and plants. The design divides the property into zones, with Zone 1 focusing on the area around the house, adding landscaping for outdoor living spaces, drainage solutions, and noise buffers to address challenges from the nearby highway.
The document proposes restoring a 5,000m2 degraded prairie site located on a university campus. The goals are to establish an educational prairie ecosystem through removing invasive species, controlled burns, seeding of 35 native plant species, and monitoring. Plugs of 8 key species will be planted with signs to aid student and public learning. Interventions will include herbicide treatment, plowing, seeding, and annual burns over multiple years to restore the site's prairie habitat and benefit wildlife.
The first step in environmental restoration is understanding the ecosystem and how plants, animals, insects and fungi interact. With deep containers survival can be very good
Similar to Permaculture Design for Wild Meadows Farm (20)
MLK Day of Service Tree Protection Workday at Buddy Attick ParkCHEARS
This document provides information about a tree protection workday being held on Martin Luther King Jr. Day in Buddy Attick Park in partnership with the City of Greenbelt Department of Public Works and the Chesapeake Education, Arts & Research Society (CHEARS) Greenbelt Forest Stewardship Project. The event will include introductions, information about protecting trees from beavers, managing invasive English ivy, and future volunteer opportunities with CHEARS.
Errors Found in National Evaluation of UpwardBound- Postive Re-Analysis ResultsCHEARS
Presentation to Council for Opportunity in Education (COE) documents errors in National Evaluation of Upward Bound reports. Eight major errors are identified. Results summarized from re-analysis correcting for sampling and non-sampling errors that found strong positive impacts for the federal TRIO program.
A Permaculture Design for a York PA Old FarmsteadCHEARS
This presentation was prepared as part of a Permaculture Design Certificate (PDC) course. It reviews the history of the farm and presents design ideas for 17 areas of the 35 acre farm established at the end of the 19th Century.
Eleanor Roosevelt High School Career Day presenationCHEARS
The document discusses community-based environmental conservation projects with AmeriCorps. It describes how AmeriCorps engages 80,000 Americans each year in service projects at nonprofits and community groups, focusing on issues like disaster services, education, health, and environmental stewardship. The document specifically profiles a volunteer program coordinator position with the Chesapeake Education Arts & Research Society, noting that the role involves 75% office work like project development and reporting, and 25% field work training volunteers and conducting environmental projects. It recommends a Bachelor's degree and skills in areas like gardening and wildlife identification to work in volunteer program development for environmental conservation.
Stormwater Solutions: Rain Barrels and More!CHEARS
Luisa Robles is the Sustainability Coordinator for the City of Greenbelt and has worked with Public Works since 2008. She has a Ph. D in Environmental Sciences, Sustainable Development and Ecological Economics from the University of Maryland. She is in charge of the City’s recycling programs, the greenhouse gas emissions inventory, is the liaison to the Greenbelt Advisory Committee on Environmental Sustainability (Green ACES), and is in charge of helping the City be more sustainable through various programs, workshops, and outreach efforts. Luisa will talk about watersheds, stormwater runoff, environmental impacts, and what we as a community can do to restore our environment.
Rain Barrels: Harvesting the Heavens Saving StreamsCHEARS
Matt Berres is the Director of Maintenance Operations for Greenbelt Homes Inc. (GHI). He is responsible for developing and implementing GHI’s stormwater management program and supporting efforts to promote sustainability throughout the coop. He has led efforts to encourage rain barrel usage in Greenbelt and designed and implemented numerous bioretention rain gardens in the community. Prior to joining GHI, Matt led watershed education and restoration programs for the Potomac Conservancy, a regional non-profit dedicated to protecting the Potomac River watershed. Matt will talk about GHI’s rain barrel program and its other storm water management activities to reduce the coop’s pollution impact on the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Prince George's County Raincheck Rebate ProgramCHEARS
Carole Ann Barth is a senior environmental planner with Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources. Her principle focus is to increase County employee, public, and business awareness about sustainability and to promote stewardship through everyday actions at work and at home. Previously, Barth worked in the fields of watershed assessment and restoration planning, as well as environmental site design. She co-developed the nationally-recognized Rainbows to Rain Gardens program. Ms. Barth will speak about Prince George's County Rain Check Rebate program.
Vicky Hageman (College Park Resident/Local Business Owner) is a member and Chair of Citizens to Conserve and Restore Indian Creek (CCRIC) and works with neighborhoods to save and restore Indian Creek; a beautiful sub-watershed of the Anacostia River. Vicky will talk about the many uses and ways of installing rain barrels at your house and how to control stormwater by Soaking it Up, Slowing it Down and Spreading it Out!
This document provides information about two forest insect pests: the red-bellied woodpecker and Callidiellum rufipenne. It describes the signs of damage caused by each pest, including exit holes, suckering, and galleries underneath bark. For C. rufipenne, it outlines its native range, hosts, and lifecycle of laying eggs in late spring that develop into larvae that burrow under bark to feed. The document also provides information about identifying Asian longhorned beetle, noting its size, antennae, coloration, potential blue feet, and signs of heavily infested trees with dime-sized exit holes and frass at the tree's base. Contact information is given if suspicious
The document discusses the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), an invasive beetle that was first detected in Maryland in 2004. It has since caused extensive damage to ash trees. The summary describes:
1) Eradication efforts were undertaken in 2005 and 2007-2009 after initial detections, but the beetle continued to spread.
2) Monitoring and biocontrol methods using natural predators from the beetle's native Asia are now being used in an attempt to control further spread.
3) Homeowners and municipalities are encouraged to treat high-value ash trees with insecticides, remove low-value trees, and replace lost ashes with non-ash species to maintain urban forests.
This document provides information on invasive plant species and plant pests and pathogens. It defines native and exotic plants, and explains that invasive species are non-native species that cause economic or environmental harm. Several common invasive ornamental plants are described, as well as how invasives are introduced and why they are successful. Control methods including mechanical, chemical, and effective herbicide treatments are summarized. The document also provides an overview of plant pests and pathogens, describing different types of damage and examples like gypsy moth, emerald ash borer, and sudden oak death disease.
This document provides an introduction to identifying tree species. It discusses why identifying trees is important for land management, enjoyment and education. The document then describes some basic tree anatomy and different methods for identifying trees, such as leaves, bark, and fruit. It introduces the concept of a dichotomous key and provides a basic leaf key to demonstrate how to identify tree species step-by-step based on leaf characteristics. The key asks questions about whether leaves are broad or needle-like, opposite or alternate, simple or compound, and more, to systematically narrow down possibilities.
This document provides information about forest gardens and succession. It discusses choosing plants for a forest garden based on site conditions, including already existing plants and improved varieties. It emphasizes designing polycultures with layers including fruit/nut, vegetable/herb, nitrogen-fixing, and insectary plants. Diagrams demonstrate a sample forest garden design with these layers arranged for optimal sunlight, growth, and harvesting access. Yield goals and forest garden principles of phasing and succession are also covered.
This document discusses the value of forests and woodlands from both economic and ecological perspectives. It outlines how the UFORE model is used to quantify ecosystem services provided by urban forests, including examples from Prince William Forest Park. The document also addresses threats to forests like invasive pests and climate change, noting models predict most tree species in the park could experience unsuitable climates by the end of the century under higher emission scenarios. Land use change is also discussed as contributing to climate change and forest fragmentation.
The document discusses how forests help improve water quality in Chesapeake Bay. It notes that 39% of Maryland is forested, totaling over 2.46 million acres, and that forests are the best land cover for enhancing water quality by regulating water temperature, providing habitat and food for fish, and influencing sediment flux. It identifies several issues impacting Maryland forests, such as a decline in forest land area, an increase in even-aged forests from diameter limit cutting, and threats from invasive species and pests. The document provides contact information for Craig Highfield at forestryforthebay.org to learn more about their work improving forest management practices to benefit local waterways.
Forest Fragmentation: The States of Our Forests & Prospects for ConservationCHEARS
Forest fragmentation reduces habitat area and increases isolation. It progresses from habitat loss to perforation to further reduction in patch sizes. Graph theoretic approaches can assess connectivity through representation of patches as nodes and dispersal corridors as links. For tree canopy in Prince George's County, MD, all patches are connected at 2,300 feet. Top patches providing intra-patch, flux, and connector connectivity are identified. Protecting these high ranking patches preserves around 35-47% of connectivity based on different graph metrics.
April 6th Presentation: Greenbelt Forest StewardsCHEARS
Here are the key things to assess regarding exposure:
- Sunlight - Note direction of sun exposure and hours of direct sun. This will help determine shade-loving vs. sun-loving plants.
- Wind - Assess prevailing wind directions and speeds. Strong winds may require wind tolerant species.
- Microclimates - Note any areas that receive more/less sun or rain due to structures or landforms. These microclimates allow for more plant diversity.
- Frost pockets - Low-lying areas prone to frost should be avoided for frost-sensitive plants.
Documenting exposure will help select plants adapted to the specific sun/shade, wind and temperature conditions on your site. This improves plant health
Greenbelt Food Forest Phase II Photo JournalCHEARS
A photographic journal celebrating the progress made in Fall 2012 at the joint Springhill Lake Garden Outdoor Classroom and Greenbelt Food Forest sites.
The Art of Teaching: Chestory Virtual ArchiveCHEARS
Teaching should incorporate multiple disciplines to provide a well-rounded education for students. The Center for the Chesapeake Story and Chesapeake Environmental Literacy project aim to promote interdisciplinary teaching about the Chesapeake Bay watershed through their websites and resources. They are projects of CHEARS, which supports education around the Chesapeake Bay region.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
1. Wild Meadows Farm
Chestnut Ridge Cooperative
March 2005
Permaculture Design project
for Darrell Frey Permaculture
Certificate Course—March 2005
2. Permaculture Principles
David Holmergren
• Observe and Interact • Integrate rather than
• Catch and store energy segregate
• Obtain a yield • Use small and slow
• solutions
Apply self regulation and
accept feedback • Use and value diversity
• Use and value renewable • Use edges and value the
resources and services marginal
• Produce no waste • Creatively use and
• Design from pattern to respond to change
details
3. Other Listing of Principles
Toby Hemmingway
• Accelerate succession
• Observe • Use biological and
• Connect renewable resources
• Catch and store energy • Recycle energy
• Each element performs • Turn problems into
multiple functions solutions
• Each function supported • Get a yield
by multiple elements • Design limits yield
• Make least change for • Mistakes are tools for
greatest effect learning
• Use small scale intensive
systems
• Use edge effect
4. Observe and Interact
Farm Natural Features
• 195 acre farm in Bedford County PA
• Ridge and Valley
• East of the Eastern Divide—goes in Chesapeake
• Spring on farm flows to Bob’s Creek, Dunnings Creek, to
Juniata, to Susquehanna, to Chesapeake
• Orchards, dairy farm, and row crops/corn surround—run
off from dairy flows thru woods on farm
• Although rural—in 2000 census manufacturing major
employer in area
5.
6.
7. S—NORTHERN ATLANTIC SLOPE DIVERSIFIED
FARMING REGION
• 147—Northern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia
48,210 km² (18,610 mi²)
• Land use: Most of this area is in farms. About 12 percent is
used for urban development or consists of land altered by
urbanization or other activities. Approximately 30 percent is
cropland. A wide variety of crops are grown, mainly corn, small
grains, and forage for dairy and beef cattle. Other important
crops include potatoes, soybeans, apples, peaches, and some
tobacco and vegetables. Dairy, beef and poultry farms are
major enterprises. About 5 percent of the area is permanent
pasture. Less than 60 percent is in hardwood forests that are
mainly in small to medium-size holdings and some larger tracts
of state forests, game lands, and parks. Much of the prime
farmland in the valleys is urbanized.
8. Region
• Climate: Average annual precipitation—900 to 1,275 mm.
Maximum precipitation is in spring and in summer, and the
mimimum is in fall. About 525 to 650 mm falls during the growing
season. The average annual snowfall is 60 to more than 130 cm.
Average annual temperature—8 to 13 C. Average freeze-free period
—120 to 170 days; the shorter growing seasons are at the higher
elevations and in the north. ----
• Water: Water is plentiful in this area. Springs, wells, farm ponds,
reservoirs, and streams are the principal sources of water. The
major streams are the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers.
Raystown Lake on the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River is one
of the largest reservoirs in the area. Ground water is plentiful; the
better producing wells are in the limestone valleys. Mineralized
water and pollution of ground water are common land use problems.
9. Soils and Natural Vegetation
• Soils: Most of the soils are Udalfs, Udults, and Ochrepts. They have a mesic
temperature regime, udic and aquic moisture regimes, and mixed mineralogy. Nearly
level to sloping, deep, well drained, medium textured to fine textured Hapludalfs
(Hagerstown, Duffield, Edom, and Washington series) are in the limestone valleys.
Gently sloping to sloping, deep, well drained or moderately well drained, medium
textured to fine textured Hapludults (Allenwood, Bedington, Frankstown, Mertz, and
Munill series), Fragiudults (Buchanan and Laidig series), and Paleudults (Frederick
series) are on the lower foot slopes of the ridges and in the valleys. Most of these
soils formed in residuum, colluvium, or glacial till derived from limestone, cherty
limestone, sandstone, and shale. Sloping to steep, well drained, shallow to deep,
medium textured Dystrochrepts (Berks, Calvin, Dekalb, Hazleton, and Weikert series)
are on ridges and on the more sloping sites in the valleys.
• Potential natural vegetation: This area supports hardwood forest vegetation. White
oak, red oak, black oak, hickories, and associated upland hardwoods are the major
species. Scarlet oak, chestnut oak, hickories, and scattered Virginia pine, shortleaf
pine, and white pine are common on dry ridges and shallower soils. Yellow-poplar,
red oak, red maple, and other species that require more moisture grow in sheltered
coves, on foot slopes, and on north-facing sites.
10. Site Characteristics
• Elevation and topography: Elevation ranges
from 100 to 300 m in the valleys and from 400 to
800 m on ridges and mountains, but on some
mountain crests it is 900 m. Parallel sandstone
and shale ridges are separated by narrow to
moderately broad limestone and shale valleys.
Ridges have hilly to steep slopes and narrow
rolling crests; valleys are mainly undulating to
rolling but are hilly locally. Local relief in the
valleys is about 5 to 50 m; ridges rise about 100
m above adjoining valleys.
11. Wild Meadows Specific Site
Characteristics
• Cropland • Elevation 1200-1500
– Type 2 Undulating—14 • Annual rainfall –36”
– Type 3 Rolling—37 • Frost free days—125
– Type 4 Sloping—39 • Soil---ELiber and Mertz—
• Woodland-Rolling--100.41 Cherty limestone base-and
• Farmstead-3.00 Morrison,dolomitic limestone
• Total-194.41 calcerous sandstone base
• All deep and well drained
• Woodlands are Morrison and
Buchanan soils
• Major limitations to agriculture
are erodible lands
12. Farm History
• Farm established 1870s
– Large farm house—1874, Summer kitchen earlier
– Large Bank Barn -1870
– Pig barn—1920s, (maybe could be converted to bioshelter)
– Quarry—old lime stone kilns
– Old Orchard—gone after 1960
– 1970—on became owned by city folk (weavers—then us)
– 90 acres rented to local farmer—leaves half fallow—rotates oats,
corn, barley, soy—contour—strips
– Small organic garden with well irrigation system and deer fence
– Some mushroom shitake logs
– Currently investigating CREP program participation
– Sloping pastures—mowed every 2 or 3 years
13. Chestnut Ridge Cooperative begun
in 1992
• Links
–Arts and Ecology
–Rural-Urban
–Partnership/cooperative
organization
14. Chesapeake Education, Ecology, Arts
Research Society (CHEARS!)
• New organization—
separates ownership
from mission
• Link to Chesapeake
Watershed in which
live
• Builds on interest of
original members
• Same emphasis on
links
16. Apply self regulation and accept
feedback
• Accept that soil on farm is worn out from
years of row cropping on slopes
• Search for ways to allow to recover
• Experiment with alternatives—some of
which will not work—plan for observing
this feedback and revision of plan
• Observe current self-regulation in areas
that have been allowed to be untended—
old orchard etc.
17. Key/ Crop Current Orientation/Notes Planned Use
Description acres / Use
/from Ridge Road
1—Field across from Class 2- Rented to Joe Flat—highest point on farm—across road Keep crop transition
Boyer Orchard—Ridge crop Echart from Non-organic Apple Orchard Organic rotation
Road 10 CVR
C/G (conservation
plan)
2—Woods below 1 Wooded Woods Strong slope/some dumping by road in Keep wooded
8 past/hunters use for dear cleaning /clean
W/M
3A—Shankle road 20—class Rented to Joe Flat Keep crops transition
frontage-right side 2 and 3- Eckart organic
from farm road from srop CVR
Ridge Road
3B—right side of farm 18—class Rented to Joe West and North facing slopes Possible CREP
road 4 crop Eckart--CVR
4—Left side of farm 18.5— Rented to Joe West and South slope gentle to CREP
road from Ridge class 3 Echart moderate—contains the Quarry-Lime
and 4 CVR Stone Kilns
5 Woods on right side 31.8 Woods Slopes are North facing—includes Spring Keep wooded
of farm road coming that flows out of property; run off from Possible Pond site at top of
down from RidgeRoad dairy farm on other side of a ridge—but ridge where old power
does not affect Spring; Storm Creak bed lines were—not yet
flows down from Dairy— treed—water could flow
Shitake Mushrooms down to irrigate the fields
Large rocks below???
Many fossils Catalogue plants observe
Hemlock grove effect of run off on
Jewell weed vegetation
Ferns Look for Chestnut
seedlings
6—right side sloping 10.2 – Mowed every 2 North facing 9 CREP
pasture meadows class 4 years-hayed View of meadows from house-enjoyed by 1 acre plant in berries or
behind barn and house crop members small fruit
7—left side 35-woods woods Old fence from field stones—piles Catalogue plants
woods/slope goes Wild Blueberries, wintergreen, wild
North up hill to another azalea, mountain laurel, ferns
ridge
8-left side—top of 17.4 CVR Perhaps best field Keep crop transition to
hill—flat field C/G organic
Class 2
and 3
9-Left side 10 woods Old orchard; South facing Restore with mixed fruit
gentle/moderate slope 5 acre—organic
10—flat field right side 7 Garden site and Burdock--grows; Expand garden; establish
near house 10 fruit trees Bottom land-fertile rotation
Rest fallow Maybe frost pocket
11—house/barn/yard 3 Spiral and medicine wheel
gardens-native plants;
guild
Class 2 (undulating) Class 3 (rolling) Class 4 (slopping) Woodland
18. Use and value renewable
resources and services
• Foster use of solar, wind, rocks, resources
local on farm
• Let the soil rest—avoid run off to Bay---
CREP program
• Work with dairy farm to address their run
off issue
19. Use Small and Slow Solutions
• Develop multi-year—5 year plan
• Estimate cost and how to get from A to B
• Avoid tendency to want immediate
gain/accept limits--
• Pick a few things to start with that can do
carefully and well and that might give
some payoff in terms of goals
• Build on energy—cooperate/partner
20. Multi-year plan—Years 1and 2
– Chears incorporated as – Medicine wheel garden in
non-profit zone 1--using rocks from
– Begin systematic farm to provide micro-
observation of plants climates for vulnerable
growing in woods and native plants
fields/volunteer – Explore CREP program for
– Observe the run off issue highly erodable land
from the Dairy farm—begin (meeting with Conservation
to develop plan to address office March 25!)
– Start water monitoring – Talk to Joe E. again about
project in partnership with organic transition of farm
others already doing in – Work on establishing a
other areas rotation plan for Walter’s
– Experiment with guilds organic garden
using existing apple and
black walnut trees in
farmyard
21. Years 3 to 5
• Complete things from • Establish nursery for
years 1 and 2 that did not plants for the
happen
suburban eco-
• Plant 50 American
landscaping co-op of
Chestnut trees on north
facing slope members
• Work on plan to restore • Hold 4 workshops
old orchard with heirloom
fruit trees—planted by
Cheers members for own
use
22. Produce no waste
• Use material on farm as much as possible
—rocks, old lumber, straw
• Solve issue of lack of time to
maintain/harvest what start—get more
folks from area involved—
• Avoid Wall Mart
23. Design from pattern to details
• Global to local patterns—dominant pattern
in area --row crops of corn, soy, grain
used to feed animals –meat/dairy based
• Farming--not very labor intensive relative
to yield—use of fossil based energy
pattern replaced human labor.
• Detail-how to move to more sustainable
pattern
25. Organic field crop rotation
Alfalfa
Corn
manure
Alfalfa Soybeans
Oats, barley, manure
Corn
or alfalfa.
26. Obtain a yield
• Gains for Bay—might mean in this case
reduction of conventional yield
• Education or aesthetic pleasure
• Research knowledge gained
• Linking folks removed from food source
and nature to these things
• Habitat for wildlife
• Food/nourishment/medicinal
27. Obtain a yield (Food)
• Plant mixed orchard on part of North Slope and also in
old orchard on South Slope
• Establish native shrub/bushes plant nursery for use by
the suburban garden co-op
• Continue small organic garden for members use
• Maintain and expand the shitake mushroom
• Catalogue the native plants growing in the woods—
experiment with propagation
• Reach out to groups that may need place to host
activities like workshops etc.
• Partner with turtle saving groups to see if can use part of
land as habitat
28. 8 year Vegetable Crop Rotation—
E. Coleman
Sweet corn Potatoes
cover crop
Cabbage Family Squash
Green manures
English peas
Root crops
Tomatoes Beans.
30. Catch and store energy
• Need to catch some human energy to
implement plans
• Constructed pond/wetland with windmill to
aerate (future design)
• Possible conversion of the pig barn to
passive solar/bioshelter (future design)
• Other—wind—solar panels exploration
• Rain barrel installed in garden
31. Integrate rather than segregate
• Guild and companion plantings—apple
guild and walnut guild around established
old trees (see design)
• Mixed orchard plan
32. Use and Value Diversity
• Catalogue existing plants growing on farm
• Plant several varieties of each fruit (see
design)
• Rotate annual crops
• Get more folks involved in planning
33. Use edges and value the marginal
• Rocks plentiful
– spiral garden, medicine wheel
garden—Spring 2005
– Try micro-climate using dry
walls
– Edges woods currently have
bramble berries
• American Chestnut Foundation
– Plant 50 American Chestnut
seedlings—2006 order now for
next spring—will probably not
survive, but can study and
increase the gene pool
– Search for Chestnut seedlings
on farm—note all buildings are
built from Chestnut wood
34. Medicine Wheel Garden with Vulnerable
Plants
Coreopsis rosea Nutt pink tickseed
Arabis patens Sullivant
spreading rockcress Peace
Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. Roemer
oblongfruit serviceberry
Cynoglossum virginianum L. var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider wild comfrey
http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=plant_profile.cgi&symbol=ARPA2
36. Creatively Use and Respond to
Change
• Revise plans based on whether working new
circumstances
• Build in taking feedback and self-organization
• Anticipate know succession patterns of plants
and people in plans
• Value and preserve the past—restore the
cookhouse—oldest building we think—study
Native American ways
• Build on failures
37. CHEARS Mission
• CHEARS was organized to monitor,
understand, and enhance the life and health
of the Chesapeake Bay Bioregion. We study
our watershed’s local and global
interrelationships, share our knowledge,
express our concerns in art, and support
each other and our likeminded partners in
ecological action. CHEARS projects are
conceived, developed and implemented by
volunteers.
38. Projects
• Place Based Education and Research Projects
• Watershed Tracing: Follow the water from a spring on Wild
Meadows Farm near the Eastern Divide in Pennsylvania as it
joins Bob’s Creek, then observe its transformations as it joins
successively Dunning’s Creek, the Juniata River, the
Susquehanna River, the Cheseapeake Bay, and the Atlantic
Ocean.
• Wild Meadows Farm Stewardship: Wild Meadows Farm
demonstration project, focused on farm survey, preservation,
conservation, and transformation
• Identifying Bird-Links: Identify and track bird species from
several sites in the bioregion, determine their seasonal
migration patterns, nesting, and feeding patterns, and
understand and strengthen partnerships with other bioregions
• Eco-Nature Arts Workshops -- facilitate artistic expression
through nature arts workshops at Wild Meadows Farm
39. Projects
• One Yard at a Time Eco-Friendly Landscape
Cooperative Aided by permaculture principles
households support each other in re-designing their
yards to reduce run-off to the Bay and are helped by
members in implementing and maintaining healthy
yards and gardens. Suburban/Urban Land
Stewardship---
• Innovating --- Chesapeake Teamwork for the Next
Upcoming Thing (CHESTNUT)