extinction of plant species
endangered plant species
some of extinct plant species
causes of extinction in plants , reasons , causes,
habitat loss, global warming , exotic species , over exploitation
how to protect them , routine measures
Exotic Specie definition,Categories, Inasive Flora of Pakistan, Invasive Species, Impact on Climate, Environment, social , Environmental and economic impacts
extinction of plant species
endangered plant species
some of extinct plant species
causes of extinction in plants , reasons , causes,
habitat loss, global warming , exotic species , over exploitation
how to protect them , routine measures
Exotic Specie definition,Categories, Inasive Flora of Pakistan, Invasive Species, Impact on Climate, Environment, social , Environmental and economic impacts
+A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
+Wetlands include a variety of habitats, which may be natural or man made area of water or marsh that can be lotic (standing water) and lentic (running water).
+Types of wetlands
a)Marine water
b)Fresh water
c)Man made
+Why Are Wetlands Important?
+Wetlands and Ecosystem Services
+Wetlands are threatened
+Wetland Protection
+Wetland Conservation Strategy
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types Mahnoor Imran
This presentation describes the plant succession, causes and its main types that is primary and secondary succession with examples in detail. It is related to the Ecology topic in Botany.
Very useful for pre university students and those are seriously preparing for CET,AIIMS and NEET exams. Please give your valuable feedback or leave a message. you find it informative like it and share it
Trade transport and invasion of alien speciesAmrita Daripa
The ppt is about invasive alien species and how it is being invaded and displacing the native species. The mode of its transport from one place to the other. Its international and national quarantine measures.
+A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
+Wetlands include a variety of habitats, which may be natural or man made area of water or marsh that can be lotic (standing water) and lentic (running water).
+Types of wetlands
a)Marine water
b)Fresh water
c)Man made
+Why Are Wetlands Important?
+Wetlands and Ecosystem Services
+Wetlands are threatened
+Wetland Protection
+Wetland Conservation Strategy
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types Mahnoor Imran
This presentation describes the plant succession, causes and its main types that is primary and secondary succession with examples in detail. It is related to the Ecology topic in Botany.
Very useful for pre university students and those are seriously preparing for CET,AIIMS and NEET exams. Please give your valuable feedback or leave a message. you find it informative like it and share it
Trade transport and invasion of alien speciesAmrita Daripa
The ppt is about invasive alien species and how it is being invaded and displacing the native species. The mode of its transport from one place to the other. Its international and national quarantine measures.
CCEDIN Invasive Species Early Detection 8.19.09Robert Emanuel
Slide show used to educate ~50 volunteers of the Clatsop County Early Detection of Invasive Species Network about EDRR, invasive species management and 8 priority invaders for the network.
IAS are the second important aspect which causes biodiversity loss next to Habitat destruction. This PPT describes the impact of IAS mainly in aquatic ecosystem...
Session is part of a forum exploring how invasive species impact the environment, what policy solutions are needed to prevent new invaders, and how science-based stewardship can be used for targeted management.
Presenter: Gary Lovett, Forest Ecologist, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Impact of invasive species on the environment. Why they are called invasive species and how they lead to loss of native species and lead to loss of biodiversity.
Bioeradication:research and insights on five common invasive plants in centr...Richard Gardner
This presentation will discuss the effects of native organism systems on five common invasive non-native plants, i.e. bioeradication. Research over the last several years has shown that native organism systems are beginning to eradicate various invasive non-native plants from local ecosystems in central Pennsylvania and nearby states. This is very different than the magic bullet approach of biocontrol in that it relies on mutualistic native systems instead of a single non-native organism. The concept is based on Darwinian evolution over the (extended) period of time it takes a system to develop. Naturally, this approach is slower than biocontrol. However, instead of “control” with all the potential consequences of introducing another non-native into an ecosystem, the goal is extinction of the target non-native with lower ecosystem risk and lower negative environmental impact.
Green Industry Continuing Education Series
November 18, 2015
12 noon - 2 p.m.
Instructors:
Darren Blackford, Entomologist, USDA-Forest Service
Gene Phillips, Forest Health Specialist, Nevada Division of Forestry
MLK Day of Service Tree Protection Workday at Buddy Attick ParkCHEARS
On January 19, the City of Greenbelt Public Works in partnership with CHEARS celebrated MLK Day of Service by hosting a Tree Protection Workday in Buddy Attick Park. Volunteers protected slow-growth trees from beaver herbivory by placing protective wire caging around the base of trees. Also, volunteers manually removed English ivy to restore the woods at Buddy Attick Park. We could not have done it without Brian Townsend, City of Greenbelt Horticulturalist, for demonstrating the proper techniques and supplying us with materials. A total of about 70 trees were caged and over 100 trees were cleared of English ivy (where volunteers could reach). Thanks to all of the volunteers who served with us! We accomplished a lot with you!
Errors Found in National Evaluation of UpwardBound- Postive Re-Analysis ResultsCHEARS
Presentation to Council for Opportunity in Education (COE) documents errors in National Evaluation of Upward Bound reports. Eight major errors are identified. Results summarized from re-analysis correcting for sampling and non-sampling errors that found strong positive impacts for the federal TRIO program.
A Permaculture Design for a York PA Old FarmsteadCHEARS
This presentation was prepared as part of a Permaculture Design Certificate (PDC) course. It reviews the history of the farm and presents design ideas for 17 areas of the 35 acre farm established at the end of the 19th Century.
Stormwater Solutions: Rain Barrels and More!CHEARS
Luisa Robles is the Sustainability Coordinator for the City of Greenbelt and has worked with Public Works since 2008. She has a Ph. D in Environmental Sciences, Sustainable Development and Ecological Economics from the University of Maryland. She is in charge of the City’s recycling programs, the greenhouse gas emissions inventory, is the liaison to the Greenbelt Advisory Committee on Environmental Sustainability (Green ACES), and is in charge of helping the City be more sustainable through various programs, workshops, and outreach efforts. Luisa will talk about watersheds, stormwater runoff, environmental impacts, and what we as a community can do to restore our environment.
Rain Barrels: Harvesting the Heavens Saving StreamsCHEARS
Matt Berres is the Director of Maintenance Operations for Greenbelt Homes Inc. (GHI). He is responsible for developing and implementing GHI’s stormwater management program and supporting efforts to promote sustainability throughout the coop. He has led efforts to encourage rain barrel usage in Greenbelt and designed and implemented numerous bioretention rain gardens in the community. Prior to joining GHI, Matt led watershed education and restoration programs for the Potomac Conservancy, a regional non-profit dedicated to protecting the Potomac River watershed. Matt will talk about GHI’s rain barrel program and its other storm water management activities to reduce the coop’s pollution impact on the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Prince George's County Raincheck Rebate ProgramCHEARS
Carole Ann Barth is a senior environmental planner with Prince George’s County Department of Environmental Resources. Her principle focus is to increase County employee, public, and business awareness about sustainability and to promote stewardship through everyday actions at work and at home. Previously, Barth worked in the fields of watershed assessment and restoration planning, as well as environmental site design. She co-developed the nationally-recognized Rainbows to Rain Gardens program. Ms. Barth will speak about Prince George's County Rain Check Rebate program.
Vicky Hageman (College Park Resident/Local Business Owner) is a member and Chair of Citizens to Conserve and Restore Indian Creek (CCRIC) and works with neighborhoods to save and restore Indian Creek; a beautiful sub-watershed of the Anacostia River. Vicky will talk about the many uses and ways of installing rain barrels at your house and how to control stormwater by Soaking it Up, Slowing it Down and Spreading it Out!
Greenbelt Food Forest Phase II Photo JournalCHEARS
A photographic journal celebrating the progress made in Fall 2012 at the joint Springhill Lake Garden Outdoor Classroom and Greenbelt Food Forest sites.
Population and Climate Change: Are They Related?CHEARS
A presentation and discussion by Dr. Eugenia Kalnay, distinguished University of Maryland professor, et al, on the relationship between human population and the environment at the October 2012 meeting of GCAN (Greenbelt Climate Action Network, a project of CHEARS).
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
2. Native v. Exotic
Native
Thousands of years of co-evolution with other
native plants and animals
Exotic
Introduced from other parts of the country or
world
Exists outside of the system that it evolved in
Not necessarily invasive (1,000 of 4,000)
3. Invasive v. Non-Invasive
As per Executive Order 13112 an
"invasive species" is defined as a species
that is:
1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem
under consideration and
2) whose introduction causes or is likely to
cause economic or environmental harm or
harm to human health.
Noxious Weeds: defined by MD Weed Control Law;
required to be removed: johnsongrass, shattercane,
and thistles
4. Primer on Invasives
How they get started
Imported in packing material or ballast water
Intentionally introduced: “seemed like a good
idea at the time”
Erosion control
Ornamental
5. Primer on Invasives
Why they are successful
Easy to grow
Quick solution to a problem
Easy landscaping
Lack of knowledge of consequences
Similar to Superman
No natural enemies
Easy to compete in the local climate/site
6. Primer on Invasives
Their impact
Damages and losses of more than $138 billion
per year nationally*
Crowd out native species
Reduce food and cover sources for native
species
Reduce biodiversity
*Pimentel, D.; R. Zuniga and D., Morrison (2005). "Update on the
environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species
in the United States.". Ecological Economics 52: 273–288.
doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.002
7. Ornamental Plants
• English ivy (Hedera helix)
• Oriental bittersweet
(Celastrus orbiculatus)
• Eulalia, flame grass,
zebra grass (Miscanthus
sinensis)
• Burning bush
(Euonymus alatus)
• Japanese Barberry
(Berberis thunbergii)
• Privet (Ligustrum spp)
• Norway maple
(Acer platanoides)
11. Oriental Bittersweet
(Clastrus orbiculatus)
• Can establish in dense shade, grows
along woodland edges, forest gaps
• Competitive advantage over native
bittersweet through photosynthetic
efficiency
• Climbs over trees increasing
possibility of wind damage, girdles
smaller trees
12. Lonicera japonica
Japanese honeysuckle
Introduced to Long
Island in 1806
Promoted for
ornamental use,
wildlife
Girdles trees, dense
groundcover
Semi-evergreen to
evergreen
18. Ailanthus altissima
tree of heaven
Introduced 1748 to
Philadelphia
Chemicals from
leaves and roots
hinder growth of
other plants
Aggressive roots
21. Garlic mustard
• Grows in forest
understories
and edges
• Reduces
establishment of
tree seedlings
• Threat to
survival of rare
butterfly
Pieris
virginiensis
22. Phragmites australis, common reed
Native and non-native strains
http://www.invasiveplants.net/diagnostic/diagnostic.asp
23. Control Measures
Mechanical
Hand pulling/cutting
High labor cost
Low dollar cost
May require repetition
Requires moderate access
Mowing
Moderate labor
Moderate dollar cost
Requires repetition
Requires high access
Grazing
High cost
Good for sites with difficult access
Good for sensitive sites
24.
25.
26. Control Measures
Chemical
Labor varies
Higher cost possible
Moderate access required
Possible collateral
damage
27. Effective Herbicide Treatments
Success with herbicides requires
• the most effective herbicide,
• applied using the correct method, and
• applied during the best time period.
28.
29. Herbicide Effectiveness
Broad spectrum, non-selective or narrow
spectrum, selective
- e.g. glyphosate vs. clopyralid
Soil activity
- e.g. glyphosate vs. imazapyr
Air temperature
- above 55 F and below 80 F
Plant phenology
- Evergreen vs. deciduous
30. Method and Timing of Application
Foliar spray
Wiping
Hack-and-squirt or
injection (late winter,
summer, not in spring)
Cut stump (late winter
and summer)
Basal bark treatment
(late winter, early
spring)
31. Sprayers
John D. Byrd, Mississippi State UniversityUSDA Forest Service – Region 8
Archive
35. Pests and Pathogens
Nevin Dawson, Forest Stewardship Educator
University of Maryland Cooperative Extension
Glenn (Dode) Gladders, Forest Health Specialist
Delaware Forest Service
Basic Biology
and
Current Threats
36. Basic Biology
Abiotic
Salt
Drought
Fertilizer
Herbicide
Frost/freeze
Gas leak
Air pollution
Soil compaction
38. Basic Biology
Defoliation Chewing mouthparts
Mandibles tear off
pieces of leaves
Results in defoliation
Plant loses ability to
photosynthesize
Mandible
39. Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)
Defoliates
Larvae eats leaves in spring
Over 732,000 acres in eastern US in 2005
19,279 acres defoliated in Maryland in 2008
Slows growth
Trees become more sensitive to other
factors
Can be fatal if occurs two years in a row,
or subjected to additional factors
Prefer oak, but will feed on other
hardwoods
46. Feed in cambium and
disrupt water/nutrient
flow
Found in PGs Co. in „04
Eradication effort in „05
Detected in „06
Re-eradication effort in
„07 – ‟09
Monitoring and
biocontrol till
present
Emerald Ash Borer
47. D-shaped exit holes
Bark splits
Serpentine galleries
Symptoms of Attack by EAB
Courtesy of Al Sawyer
48. David Roberts,
MSU
MI Dept of
Agriculture
The upper third of
a tree dies back
first, followed by
the rest the next
year.
This is followed by
many shoots or
sprouts emerging
below dead portions
of the trunk.
S-shaped
galleries under
bark
Symptoms of attack by EAB
James W.
Smith
Courtesy of Mike Raupp
54. Basic Biology
Sucking Piercing and sucking
mouthparts
Insect removes
phloem or chlorophyll
from plant
Sometimes also
damages tissue
Cicada mouthparts
55. On the horizon
Coming soon to a forest near you!
Sirex wood wasp
Asian long horned beetle
56. Sirex Wood Wasp (Sirex noctilo)
Usually attacks pines
Also attacks spruce,
fir, larch, and douglas
fir
Native wasps only
attack dead and dying
trees
Injects fungus along
with eggs that serves
as food source for
larvae
57. Sirex Wood Wasp (Sirex noctilo)
Carries destructive fungus
Up to 80% mortality in pure stands
Adult females can fly up to 100 miles
Infestation can spread 5-15 miles per year
58. Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB)
• Adults are more than
1” long, shiny black
and white with long
antennae
• Bores into trunk and
branches
Anoplophora glabripennis
59. Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB)
Anoplophora glabripennis
• Frass (sawdust)
• Damage is done by larvae and
by adults emerging in the summer
61. Most Pathogens of Trees Are:
A. Fungi
B. Bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Mycoplasmas
62. Most Pathogens of Trees Are:
A. Fungi
B. Bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Mycoplasmas
63. Canker Diseases
Caused by various
pathogens, including
Nectria and
Botryosphaeria
Cankers often look like
wounds
Fruiting bodies may be
present around margins of
cankers
Almost all trees are
susceptible to one or more
canker-causing pathogens
64. Effects are variable depending on
host, pathogen, and environment.
Canker Diseases
65. Stress often plays an important role.
Stressed trees may be more
susceptible to these diseases than
stress-free trees
Drought
Wounds
Other stressors
May weaken trees to breaking point
Canker Diseases
66. Anthracnose Diseases
Many different diseases
Foliar symptoms & sometimes branch
cankers
Dogwood anthracnose has killed millions
of C. florida trees
Anthracnoses of ash, oak, maple,
sycamore, and most other trees are
generally much less serious
67. Vascular Diseases
Caused by various
pathogens, each with one to
several hosts genera
“Plumbing” problem
Verticillium wilt
Dutch elm disease
Blue stain
Oak wilt
Vascular staining
Often sticky spores that are
transported by insects
Mainly Ascomycetes (no
basidiocarps)
68. Dutch Elm Disease
Caused by Ophiostoma ulmi
Vectored by elm bark beetle
Has virtually eliminated American elm as a
street tree
New disease-resistant varieties are available
(Princeton)
70. Bacterial Leaf Scorch
Affects various trees but our main concern is RED OAKS
Graphocepha
la
versuta
Graphoceph
ala
coccinea
Aulacizes
irrorata
Oncometo
pia
undata
Photos courtesy of the U.S. National Arboretum
73. Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthera remorum)
AKA remorum blight and Phytophthera
canker disease
Discovered in CA in 2000
Probable introduction to MD in 2003
Found at three nursery sites, all eradicated
Spread by rain, soil, wind, and infected
plant material
Bark cankers may kill host
Leaf blight serves as reservoir
Certain species may only be either leaf
host or bark host
74. Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthera remorum)
White oaks probably not susceptible
Red oaks, rhododendron, blueberry,
poison ivy, honeysuckle, and viburnums
may all be susceptible
Bark infection
Large lesions
Secondary infestation by ambrosia beetles,
bark beetles, sapwood rotting fungus
Leaf infection
Brown to grey lesions anywhere in vascular
system
75. Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthera remorum)
Control
No known chemical control
Coordinate with MDA through HGIC for
diagnosis
If positive, state will coordinate
destruction of material
rhododendron
77. Importance of Tree Health
Keep a tree‟s defense systems active and
effective with water
Consider fertilizing
78. What you can do!
Monitor your land
Choose the best control method
and timing
Plan for restoration
Nature abhors a vacuum
How will you fill the gap?
disease cycles such as apple scab, verticillium, phytothphora(sp?), anthracnose, black-knot, cedar apple rustash flower gall, ash borer, cherry black knot fungus, mites on broad leaf trees, cedar-apple rust, gall formations on leaf and twigs, bleeding canker, verticillium, phytophora, aphids, leaf beetles, eastern tent caterpillar, spring/summer/fall webworm, powdery mildew, leaf miner, gypsy moth, EAB, anthracnose, scale insects, vascular diseases like DED & Elm Yellows. Try and stick with the Host specific insects and diseases.