Emerald Ash Borer 11.21.13 -Wyatt Williams, ODF
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This document discusses the emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive beetle species that threatens ash trees in North America. It originated in Asia and was first detected in the US in 2002. EAB has since spread to 22 states and killed millions of ash trees. The document outlines the identification, life cycle, impacts and control methods of EAB. It also examines the potential threat of EAB to Oregon, which has one native ash species. To assess the risk, Oregon conducted extensive trapping of EAB in 2013 but did not detect any specimens.
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Emerald Ash Borer 11.21.13 -Wyatt Williams, ODF
- 1. Emerald Ash Borer A threat to Oregon’s forests? Wyatt Williams Invasive Species Specialist November 21, 2013 Oregon Department of Forestry Promoting and Practicing Sustainable Forestry
- 2. Emerald Ash Borer adult and larvae Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Coleoptera: Buprestidae 15,000 known species, 450 genera Agrilus 3,000 known species D. Cappaert, Michigan State U.
- 4. EAB in North America • First identified, Detroit, MI and Windsor, ON in 2002 • Infestation had been established since ~1990 • Now in 22 states, 2 provinces
- 5. = 4 new EAB detections in 2013
- 6. How EAB got here
- 7. ISPM 15 of IPPC – a treaty of 180 nations Requirement to treat wood materials for shipping products between countries: • thickness >6 mm • pallets, crates, dunnage, etc. • must be debarked then treated • prevent spread of invasive insects and disease DE=Germany National agency who does permitting Pallet Manufacturer ID # Treatment: Heat (56oC, 30 min) De-barked
- 8. Some effects of EAB D. Herms
- 9. Some effects of EAB D. Herms
- 10. Some effects of EAB
- 11. Some effects of EAB
- 12. Some effects of EAB
- 14. Costs of EAB • Ecological – 10’s of millions of trees killed • Economical – 10’s of millions of dollars spent
- 16. Treatments - Chemical • Tree injections • Systemic insecticides – Imidacloprid – Emamectin benzoate • Costly ($100-$500) • Repeat applications
- 17. Treatments - Biological Control • Three parasitoids introduced starting in 2007 • Tetrastichus planipennisi shows most promise • Released in 2007-2008, follow up surveys in 2012, Michigan • 21% parasitism rate • Not enough? • Still climbing? Duan et al. 2013 T. Murray
- 18. www.dontmovefirewood.org •Continental Dialogue on Non-Native Forests Insects and Diseases (multi-agency) •The Nature Conservancy
- 19. Ash trees in Oregon Name Common Wild Urban Origin Fraxinus latifolia Oregon ash Yes Yes OR, WA, CA Fraxinus americana White ash No Yes Eastern U.S. Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leafed ash No Yes Eurasia Fraxinus excelsior European ash No Yes Europe Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash No Yes Eastern U.S. *Six additional species may occur in small numbers in urban landscapes.
- 20. Native and naturalized Fraxinus spp. in Oregon F. latifolia, Oregon Ash F. dipletala, California Ash USDA PLANTS database
- 21. • • • • • • • Oregon Ash Wetland edges up to 3,000’ elevation Green flowers, no petals Leaf underside covered in dense velvet 80’ H, 12-30” DBH Leaves 5-13” long, 5-9 blades per leaf Blades 3-7” long, 1-1.5” wide Samaras 1-2” long
- 22. Oregon Ash
- 23. Oregon ash – important riparian plant?
- 26. Standard APHIS protocol for sampling EAB: • 3-sided, sticky purple prism trap baited with 2 plant volatiles • 3-10 m in ash tree for 16 weeks • 240 sites in western Oregon W. Williams Oregon Dept. of Forestry
- 27. EAB trap locations in Oregon, 2013 340 traps ODF: 240 traps APHIS: 101 traps
- 28. Typical EAB trap site in western Oregon W. Williams, Oregon Dept. of Forestry
- 29. Typical EAB trap site in western Oregon W. Williams, Oregon Dept. of Forestry
- 30. EAB trap after 8 weeks. Can you find the EAB adult?
- 31. EAB trap after 8 weeks. W. Williams, Oregon Dept. of Forestry
- 32. Ash phylogeny Whitehill et al. 2011
- 33. Defensive chemistry of resistant Manchurian Ash Lignoid #1 Pinoresinol Eyles et al. 2007 Whitehill et al. 2012
- 34. Whitehill et al. 2011 • Nano-LS-MS to investigate protein differences among resistant and susceptible ash species • Identified 4 major proteins in Manchurian ash that are not in others • Need to develop feeding bioassay for EAB • Genes that confer chemical defense could be used in North American ash via hybridization or transgenic approaches
- 35. Other invasive pests of trees • Asian longhorned beetles – Anoplophora glabripennis • Asian defoliating moths – Lymantria dispar • Phytophthora spp. – Sudden Oak Death • Unknown others??? Lesion inside bark
- 36. More info: Questions http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/emerald_ash_b/ http://www.emeraldashborer.info/ To report suspect findings, talk to a local: http://oregoninvasiveshotline.org Oregon Department of Forestry Invasive Species Specialist Wyatt Williams – wwilliams@odf.state.or.us Urban and Community Forestry Program http://www.oregon.gov/ODF/Pages/urban_forests/urban_forests.aspx OSU Forestry Extension Program http://extensionweb.forestry.oregonstate.edu/