the presentation will help you learn more about how the insect eyes really work in field conditions and more over for the better understanding you can take help from from book: THE INSECTS:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION byR.F.CHAPMAN.....as the contents of my presentation are from that book only.....
the presentation will help you learn more about how the insect eyes really work in field conditions and more over for the better understanding you can take help from from book: THE INSECTS:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION byR.F.CHAPMAN.....as the contents of my presentation are from that book only.....
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
Embryology is the branch of biology which deals with the growth and development of an embryo of
an organism, commencing with the union of male and female gametes.
Embryology includes the development of the fertilized egg and embryo and the growth of the organ
system.
Development of an insect from egg to adult can be divided into two parts
a.Early embryonic development - takes place inside the egg and
b. Post embryonic development – occurring outside the egg.
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
Embryology is the branch of biology which deals with the growth and development of an embryo of
an organism, commencing with the union of male and female gametes.
Embryology includes the development of the fertilized egg and embryo and the growth of the organ
system.
Development of an insect from egg to adult can be divided into two parts
a.Early embryonic development - takes place inside the egg and
b. Post embryonic development – occurring outside the egg.
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Cicadas are the largest homopteran under the class insecta. Their typical behaviours like ovipositional behaviour, dietary behaviour, acoustic behaviour etc. make them special. here in this slide, i have compiled some of them.
Sound Strategies: the 65-million-year-old battle between Bats and InsectsJayantyadav94
An ancient battle rages high above our heads in the night sky as bats, the consummate nocturnal predators hunt their insect prey using ultrasonic sonar. One of the most important factors in the successful adaptive radiation of bats is their effective echolocation system. Echolocating bats emit ultrasonic pulses and listen for the presence, delay, and harmonic structure of the echoes reflected from the objects in the environment (Jones and Teeling, 2006). The frequency of the echolocation calls varies from 8 to 215 kHz depending on the bat species. The pulse repetition rate of the calls can vary from roughly 3 to approximately 200 pulses s−1 (Simmons et al., 1979). The echolocation sequence of hunting insectivorous bats involves three main phases: search, approach, and terminal (buzz) (Griffin et al., 1960). Many, if not most, cases of insect hearing probably originated as a means for detecting and avoiding predators such as sensitivity to ultrasound appears to have coevolved with echolocation signaling by insectivorous bats (Greenfield, 2016). In moths bat-detection was the principal purpose of hearing, as evidenced by comparable hearing physiology with best sensitivity in the bat echolocation range, 20–60 kHz, across moths in spite of diverse ear morphology (Nakano et al., 2015). Tympanic organs (ears) of moths are sufficiently sensitive to detect the echolocation cries of most bats before the bats can register their echo (Greenfield, 2014 and Goerlitz et al., 2010). In addition to hearing ultrasound, many moths belonging to sub-family Arctiinae are also capable of producing ultrasound in the form of short, repetitive clicks in response to tactile stimulation and the ultrasonic signals of echolocating bats when they detect the sonar signals of attacking bats (Corcoran et al., 2010). Anti-bat sounds function in acoustic aposematism, startle, Batesian mimicry, Mullerian mimicry and sonar jamming. Beetles, mantids, lacewings, crickets, mole crickets, katydids, and locusts can detect the sonar emissions of bats and exhibit various forms of anti-bat behavior. Researchers are beginning to use sophisticated high-speed infrared videography and high-frequency microphone arrays to study bat-insect interactions under natural conditions that will yield a multitude of exciting predator-prey interactions in the future.
Like all insects, the body of a bee consists of three regions, the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. The head houses two compound eyes, which are used for distance vision outside of the hive, as well as orienting the bee's flight relative to the sun. Each eye consists of 3000 to 5000 visual processing units called ommatidia. The eyes do not perceive shapes clearly but identify color well . A bee's compound eyes are receptive to ultraviolet light, but less receptive to reds. Bees recognize blue, yellow, white and black.
Speech production is a complex functioning of our system.speech is an overlaid function .systems involve s in speech production already have their primary function ;their secondary functions are for speech productions.Systems involve in this process are respiratory system,phonatory system, resonatory system ,articulatory system & regulatory system.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
3. Lets first discuss about how and why different insects produce different sounds by putting the
common example of specie HOMOSAPIANS by the grace of Allah Almighty we are blessed with
the countless blessings of life just like sound , visionary power , body movement and many
more endowments these all help us to survive and survival for the fittest.
Similarly in the case of insects they have these qualities too especially sound which help them
to get their food , shelter and reproduction different insects produce different sounds for their
communication , reproduction and for survival.
Here are some different methods by which insects produce different Sounds:-
By tapping part of the body against an external object.
By friction of one part of the body against another.
By vibration of the wings or thoracic wall.
By vibration of a special membrane through muscular action.
By emission of air.
4. Now we discuss different insects and their Sound production mechanism.
DEATH-WATCH BEETLE
MACHANISM:- The Sound which produce in death-watch beetles is
generally use for their sexual call for mating or for their defence purpose
this sound may be produce by tapping the head against the walls of
burrow or in some males this sound may be produce by tapping the end
of abdomen against the substrate.
5. GRASSHOPPER
M ACHNISM:- Among the grasshoppers thesound is mainly produceby the
process of STRIDULATION during this process the sounds areoften produced by a
row of pegs on the inner sideof each hind femur being worked against the outer
surfaceof each tegmen.
REFERENCE:- A HAND BOOK OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY ( BY H. F. van
Emden)
6. CRICKETS
MACHANISM:- Sound in crickets produce may be use
for their mating call or for defense purpose this sound
generally produce in their wings on the under side of their
wings there is tiny line or microscopic vein which is called
FILE their wings also have sharp hard edges which are
called SCAPERS due to their body movement the scapers
inside the wings vibrate and due to this vibration the sound
is produce.
Same phenomenon occur in the HOUSE CRICKET ,
MOLE CRICKETS and FIELD CRICKETS.
7. MOSQUITOES
• MACHANISM:- Mosquitoes produce buzzing sound by
flapping their wings the increase and decrease in frequency of
sound depends on the flapping of their wings however female
mosquitoes are larger than male mosquitoes and move their
wings slower since mosquitoes can tell the difference male and
female mosquitoes just by the sound they make.
8. COCKROACHES
MACHANISM:- Cockroaches also produce
sound by the stridulating during this process
they can rubbed the segments of the back
of their neck region known as
PRONOTUM cockroaches can HISS loudly
when they provoked by quickly whistling air
out of their abdominal spiracles by rapid
contraction.
REFERENCE:- WWW.QUORA.COM
9. CICADAS
MACHANISM:- If we suspect that cicadas make
sound that the same way the crickets make but it is
totally wrong , the cicadas have a special organ called
TYMBAL that produces sound the tymbal contains a
series of ribs that buckle one after the other when
cicada flexes its muscles every time a rib buckle the
rib produces a click pulling and pushing of the ribs
make clicks and produce a buzzing sound.
10. KATYDIDS OR BUSH CRICKETS
MACHANISM:- Inkatydidsthereare four pairs of files and PLECTRUMSfroma
katydid,whichare responsiblefor katydids soundproduction due to their
asymmetricnature of the wings motion in their opening and closing, the contact
between the plectrumandfile resembles that ofa ratchet and producea sound
of different frequencies.
REFERENCE:-This research was in part sponsored by theU.S Armychemical
BIOLOGICALcenter.
11. BUTTERFLIES
MACHANISM:- A research published in ANNALS of the
ENTOMOLOGICAL society of AMERICA stated that
brush footed and swallowtail butterflies have modified
twerking an abdominal wiggling movement that
triggers sound from tiny structures located at the
membranes between their abdominal segments the
twittering arises from a pair of so-called sound plates
within each structure each of the two sound plates is
covered with bumps and dips so that every bump on
plat fits an associated dip on the other and
interlocking surfaces that produces the sound.
12. BUMBLEBEES
MACHANISM:- Simply in
bumblebees they are capable of
vibrating their wing muscles and
thorax when they visit the flowers
for pollen collection during pollen
collection they vibrate their wings
resulting in the production of
buzzing sound.
13. MOTHS
MACHANISM:- Not all moths are capable of
producing sound but some produce a squeaky
noises are also known in some death’s head hawk
moths they have cross-bones pattern on their heads
make puzzle sound and second it sucks in air causing
a flap between the mouth and throat called the
epipharynx to rapidly vibrate the air is then expelled
with the flap open creating a sound.
14. LOCUSTS
MACHANISM:- Almost the orthopetra family
can make sound by the process of Stridulation
but there is little difference between
grasshoppers and locusts generally the locusts
can make sound by their wings when they fly
the locust’s wing membranes between the
wing veins become stretched and rigid this
stretching and relaxing of wing membranes
produce sound.
15. PRAYING MANTIS
MACHANISM:- The process of sound production
in praying mantis is very simple praying mantis
can make a hissing sound when they are in
danger this sound generally comes from when air
passes through the spiracles present on the
abdomen and in some species of mantis the loud
hissing sound comes by shaking or rubbing their
wings
