Embedded systems unit1

Embedded for Mechatronic systems
Baskaran S
Dr.Mahalingam College of Engg & Tech
2019
Baskaran S Embedded for Mechatronic systems

SOME QUESTIONS???
1 Difference between system and Embedded system
2 What are classiﬁcations of microcontrollers?
3 Difference between microcontroller and microprocssor
4 What is DSP?
5 What are all the practical applications of Embedded
system?

SOME QUESTIONS???
1 Bus and its types
2 Different types of memory devices and their characteristics
3 Instruction set Architecture
4 Basic embedded processor and microcontroller
Architecture
5 DMA,Coprocessor and Hardware accelerators

SOME QUESTIONS???
1 I/O devices timers,counters,DMA controllers,A/D &
D/A,displays,keyboards
2 Memory interfacing GPIB,Fireware,USB,IRDA
3 Networks - CAN,I2C,SPI,USB, RS485,RS232
4 Wireless applications Zigbee, bluetooth

SOME QUESTIONS???
What is embedded operating system?
Basic terminologies in embedded operating systems like
kernel features, processes & threads ,scheduling, Real
time memory management,RTOs etc

SOME QUESTIONS???
What are the design methodologies in embedded system?
Design examples like Printer, Elevator control,ATM

System
System
A system is a way of working,organizing or doing one or
many tasks according to ﬁxed plan, program or set of rules.
A system is also an arrangement in which all its units as-
semble and work together according to plan or program
EX:Watch,Washing Machine

Embedded System
Embedded System
Embedded system is a combination of software and hard-
ware designed to do a speciﬁc function or functions
A hardware platform is generally a micro controller or pro-
cessor in which the program is dumped
The hardware has its own software. They are either Ma-
chine code (hex code) or Programming code ( C, C++
code).For example, take 8051 controller. Here we embed
program into it and it performs the task as per the program
instructions.

Languages

Characteristics of Embedded system
1 All Embedded System are single function. i.e have single
objective.
2 Real Time performance i.e if input given at any unpredictable
time, the system perform action without any delay.
3 Embedded systems are programmable
4 Multirate. Take example Camera. It can be color, Black &
white or motion. Here all these supported for a particular
camera action. So an Embedded system have Multiple rate
operation.

General purpose system (GPS) Vs Embedded system
(ES)
1 Most people confuse General purpose system (GPS) with
Embedded system (ES) .
2 A GPS does multiple tasks. Take example, Laptop. Here
we can do multiple things at a time( Watch video, write mail,
etc) .
3 But an Embedded system is destined to do a single partic-
ular task. Take example, Pace Maker. This device keeps
monitoring heart beat, so when heart pump goes slow it
take counter acting action and make heart beat come back
to normal condition.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. Which of the following is a real time embedded system?
Justify your answer
(a) Ceiling Fan
(b) Microwave Oven
(c) Television Set
(d) Desktop Key Board
(e) Digital Camera

1. Which of the following is a real time embedded system?
Justify your answer
(a) Ceiling Fan
(b) Microwave Oven
(c) Television Set
(d) Desktop Key Board
(e) Digital Camera
Ans:
(b) and (e) are embedded systems
(a) Ceiling Fans: These are not programmable.
(b) (e) obey all deﬁnitions of Embedded Systems such as (i)
Working in Real Time (ii) Programmable (iii) A number of
systems coexist on a single platform to discharge one
function(single functioned)
(c) Television Set: Only a small part of it is programmable. It
can work without being programmable. (d) Desktop Keyboard:
Though it has a processor normally it is not programmable.

2.Give at least ﬁve examples of embedded systems you are
using/watching in your day to day life.

2.Give at least ﬁve examples of embedded systems you are
using/watching in your day to day life. (i) Mobile Telephone
(ii)Digital Camera (iii) A programmable calculator (iv) An iPod
(v) A digital blood pressure machine

General Block diagram of Embedded Systems

Examples of Embedded Systems

Components of Embedded system Hardware

Components of Embedded system Software
1 Editor:For writing codes or mnemonics using keyboard of
PC. Allows addition, deletion and Insertion of data
2 Interpreter:Line by line translation of data into machine ex-
ecutable codes
3 Compiler:Translates the source code written in program-
ming language or high level language into machine read-
able form.
4 Assembler:A Program to translate code written in assem-
bly language or low level language into machine readable
code

Micro controller Vs Microprocessor

Types of Microcontroller

Types of Microprocessor

Digital Signal Processors (DSP)
Digital Signal Processors
Digital Signal Processors (DSP) take real-world signals like
voice, audio, video, temperature, pressure, or position that
have been digitized and then mathematically manipulate
them.
Signals need to be processed so that the information that
they contain can be displayed, analyzed, or converted to
another type of signal that may be of use
In the real-world, analog products detect signals such as
sound, light, temperature or pressure and manipulate them.
Converters such as an Analog-to-Digital converter then take
the real-world signal and turn it into the digital format of 1s
and 0s

DSP processﬂow

Embedded Processor Architectural Deﬁnitions
Embedded System Hardware
An embedded system uses a hardware platform to perform the
operation. Hardware of the embedded system is assembled
with a microprocessor/microcontroller. It has the elements such
as input/output interfaces, memory, user interface and the
display unit. Generally, an embedded system comprises of the
following
Power Supply
Memory
Processor
Timers
Output/Output circuits
Serial communication ports

Embedded System Software
The software of an embedded system is written to execute a
particular function. It is normally written in a high-level setup
and then compiled down to offer code that can be stuck within
a non-volatile memory in the hardware. An embedded system
software is intended to keep in view of the following three limit
Convenience of system memory
Convenience of processor’s speed
When the embedded system runs constantly, there is a
necessity to limit power dissipation for actions like run, stop
and wake up

RTOS (Real Time Operating System)
A system which is essential to ﬁnish its task and send its ser-
vice on time, then only it said to be a real time operating system.
RTOS controls the application software and affords a device to
allow the processor run. It is responsible for managing the dif-
ferent hardware resources of a personal computer and also host
applications which run on the PC. This operating system is spe-
cially designed to run various applications with an exact timing
and a huge amount of consistency. Particularly, this can be sig-
niﬁcant in measurement industrial automation systems where a
delay of a program could cause a safety hazard.

Applications of Embedded Systems
Embedded systems are used in different applications like auto-
mobiles, telecommunications, smart cards, missiles, satellites,
computer networking and digital consumer electronics
Embedded System for Detecting Rash Driving on High-
ways The main intention of this project is to design a high-
way speed-checker device that identifies rash driving on
highways and alarms the traffic authorities if the speed checker
finds any vehicle violating the set speed limits on highways.

Application of Embedded System for Street Light Con-
trol.The main intention of this project is to detect the move-
ment of vehicles on highways and to switch on street lights
ahead of it, and then to switch off the street lights as the
vehicle go past the street lights to conserve energy. In this
project, a PIC microcontroller is programmed by using em-
bedded C or assembly language.

Embedded System for Traffic Signal Control System The
main goal of this project is to design a density based traffic
signal system. At every junction, the signal timing changes
automatically according to the traffic density at every junc-
tion. Traffic jam is a major problem in many cities across the
world and gives regular nightmares to the commuters and
travelers .

Application of Embedded System for Vehicle TrackingThe
main purpose of this project is to ﬁnd the exact location of a
vehicle by using a GPS modem and in order to reduce vehi-
cle thefts. The GSM modem sends an SMS to a predeﬁned
mobile which stores the data in it. An LCD display is used
to display the location information in terms of latitude and
longitude values. The microcontroller (AT89C52) is pre pro-
grammed with the Keil software and therefore, continuously
checks the GPS modem.

Application of Embedded System for War Field Spying
RobotThe main goal of this project is to design a robotic
vehicle using RF technology for remote operation and at-
tached with wireless camera for monitoring purpose. The
robot with camera can wirelessly transmit real-time video
with night vision capabilities. This type of robot can be help-
ful for spying purposes in war ﬁelds. An 8051 series of mi-
crocontroller is used for the desired operation.

Application of Embedded System for Home Automation Sys-
temThe main purpose of this project is to design a home au-
tomation system with the Android application based remote con-
trol. Remote operation is performed by Android OS based smart-
phone or Tablet etc., upon a Graphical User Interface based
touch screen operation. In order to achieve this, Android ap-
plication act as a transmitter, that sends on/off commands to the
receiver wherein loads are connected.

Embedded System for Industrial Temperature Control The
main intention of this industrial temperature controller project is
to control the temperature of any device in any industrial applica-
tion according to its necessity. An LCD display is used to display
the temperature in the range of –55C to +125C. The heart of
the circuit is the microcontroller which is from 8051 families and
controls all its functions.

Embedded systems unit1

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