Embedded systems Important concept in this ppt.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
BY SHYAM AGARWAL
EMBEDDED PROJECT DEVELOPER
FROM DATAPOINT

2. • WHAT?.......
• WHERE?....
• WHY?..........

3. • A way of working, organizing or performing one or many tasks
according to a fixed set of rules, program or plan.
• Also an arrangement in which all units assemble and work
together according to a program or plan.
SYSTEMS

6. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• It is an Electronic/Electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific
function and is a combination of both hardware & software.
OR
• A combination of hardware and software which together form a component of a
larger machine.

9. History of Embedded Systems
Apollo Guidance Computer

10. • The Apollo Guidance Computer was the first modern system to collect
and provide flight information, and to automatically control all of the
navigational functions of the Apollo spacecraft.
• It was developed in the early 1960s for the Apollo program by the MIT
Instrumentation Lab under Charles Stark Draper.
• "The guidance computer made the moon landings possible.
• It was designed almost entirely by MIT faculty and alumni from the
Draper Lab (then called the Instrumentation Lab) and contractors staffed
by MIT alumni.

11. TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Based on generation
• Based on performance and functional requirements
• Based on Complexity and Micro-controller

12. Based on generation:
• 1st
Generation
Examples: Digital telephone keypads.
• 2nd
Generation
Examples: SCADA systems
• 3rd
Generation
Examples: Robotics, Media, etc.
• 4th
Generation
Examples: Smart Phones.
• 5th
Generation
Examples: 5G Technology.

13. Based on Performance and Functional
Requirements :
• Stand Alone Embedded Systems
ex: MP3 players, Microwave ovens, calculator
• Real-Time Embedded Systems
ex: Traffic control system, Military usage in defense sector,
Medical usage in health sector
• Networked Embedded Systems
ex: Home security systems, ATM machine, Card swipe machine
• Mobile Embedded Systems
ex: MP3 player, Mobile phones, Digital Camera

14. Based on Performance/Complexity and micro-
controller:
• Small Scale Embedded Systems
• Medium Scale Embedded Systems
• Sophisticated or Complex Embedded Systems

15. Important terminologies used in
embedded system
Reliability:
This measure of the survival probability of the system when the function is
critical during the run time.
Fault-Tolerance:
Fault-Tolerance is the capability of a computer system to survive in the
presence of faults.
Real-Time:
Embedded system must meet various timing and other constraints. They are
imposed on it by the real-time natural behavior of the external world.

16. Flexibility:
It’s building systems with built-in debugging opportunities which allows
remote maintenance.
Portability:
Portability is a measure of the ease of using the same embedded software in
various environments. It requires generalized abstractions between the
application program logic itself and the low-level system interfaces.

17. Characteristics of an Embedded System
• Requires real time performance
• It should have high availability and reliability.
• Developed around a real-time operating system
• Usually, have easy and a diskless operation, ROM boot
• Designed for one specific task

18. • It must be connected with peripherals to connect input and
output devices.
• Offers high reliability and stability.
• Needed minimal user interface
• Limited memory, low cost, fewer power consumptions
• It does not need any secondary memory in computer.

19. Applications of Embedded Systems
Robotic science:
• Ground Vehicles, Drones, Underwater Vehicles, Industrial
Robots
Medical:
• Dialysis Machine, Infusion Pumps, Cardiac Monitor, Prosthetic
Device
Automotive:
• Engine Control, Ignition System, Brake System
Networking:
• Router, Hubs, Gateways, Electronics Instruments

20. Home Devices:
• TVs, Digital Alarm, Air Conditioner, DVD Video Player,
Cameras,
Automobiles:
• Fuel Injection, Lighting System, Door Locks, Air Bags,
Windows, Parking Assistant System, Anti-stealing Alarms
Whippers Motion
Industrial Control:
• Robotics, Control System, Missiles, Nuclear Reactors, Space
Stations, Shuttles

21. Each Embedded system is designed to serve the purpose of any one or a
combination of the following tasks.
1. Data collection/Storage/Representation
2. Data communication
3. Data (Signal) processing
4. Monitoring
5. Control
6. Application specific user interfac
Purpose Of Embedded Systems

22. Advantages of Embedded System
• It is able to cover a wide variety of environments
• Less likely to encore errors
• Embedded System simplified hardware which, which reduces costs overall.
• Offers an enhanced performance
• The embedded system is useful for mass production.
• The embedded system is highly reliable.
• It has very few interconnections.

23. Disadvantages of Embedded System
• To develop an embedded system needs high development effort.
• It needs a long time to market.
• Embedded systems do a very specific task, so it can’t be programmed
to do different things.
• Embedded systems offer very limited resources for memory.
• It doesn’t offer any technological improvement.
• It is difficult to backup of embedded files.