GLOBAL ISSUES

UNIT-V
GLOBAL ISSUES
Baskaran S
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology
20/02/2018
Baskaran S (Bannari Amman Institute of Technology) UNIT-V GLOBAL ISSUES 20/02/2018 1 / 35

Evocation

OBJECTIVES:
General objective:
The students will be able to know about technology transfer and the
international rights followed in MNCs.
Speciﬁc objective:
The students will be able to know about to
1. Deﬁne MNCs? (S)
2. List out the basic elements of Globalization. (T)
3. Outline the importance of technology transfer. (T)
4. Interpret the key elements of international rights. (S)

Multinational corporations:
Multinational Corporation (MNC):
A business with extensive foreign operations in more than one country.
Transnational Corporation:
A MNC that operates worldwide on a borderless basis.
Fortunes Top 5 MNCs
1.Wal-Mart Stores
2.Exxon Mobil
3.Apple
4.General Motors
5.Toyota Motor

Globalization
1. The increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies
producing and trading goods in many different countries
2.Globalization creates international business opportunities
3.International business is done by global sourcing, import/export, licensing,
and franchising. 4.International business is done by joint ventures and wholly
owned subsidiaries
5.Globalization not only brings business change but also cultural change

Technology Transfer:
1.The transfer of new technology from the originator to a secondary user, es-
pecially from developed to developing countries in an attempt to boost their
economies.
2.In the academic sector, the process of commercialization or of bringing tech-
nologies to the marketplace is known as technology transfer. Technology trans-
fer is now part of the government mandate for institutions receiving federal
funding for research.
3.Appropriate Technology:It is a generic sense to refer to identiﬁcation, trans-
fer, and implementation of the most suitable technology for a new set of condi-
tions

Procedure for Foreign Companies to Start a Business
in India
Strategy for entry into India for Foreign Businesses
There are majorly two types of entry strategies for foreign businesses in India.
The first step is to register a Private Limited Company which is considered
to be the easiest and fastest way of entry in India for foreign nationals and
also for foreign companies.
Secondly, one can opt to register branch office, project office or liaison
office which necessarily requires RBI and/or Government approval.
Therefore the cost and the time which is required for the registration of
a branch office, project office or liaison office is certainly higher than the
time and cost attached to the incorporation of a private limited company.

Mandatory requirements for the establishment of a
Company in India
In order to start a company in India, a minimum of two individuals and
an address is required in India. If we are talking about a private limited
company, it should have at least two directors (individuals) and a minimum
of two shareholders (can be individuals or even corporate entities).
Furthermore, one of the Director of the Company must be an Indian Citizen
and also an Indian Resident (any individual who has continuously stayed
in the country of India for over 186 days).
There are no such rule of minimum shareholding of the Indian Director.
So, the foreign nationals or entities can hold 100% of the shares
It is mandatory to have an address in India which can be served as the
registered ofﬁce address of the company.

Mandatory documents required for Company
Registration in India
In order to register a company in India, the foreign nationals are supposed
to submit a copy of their passport along with an address proof (Drivers
License, Bank Statement etc.
In case a corporate entity is aiming to become a shareholder in the Indian
Company then the Board Resolution from the foreign company should au-
thorize the investment in the Indian Company.
This is to be noted that the presence of any of the foreign Directors is not
mandatorily required in India at the time of incorporation in India. Thus,
the foreign nationals have the ﬂexibility of establishing and operating a
business in India without even travelling to India.

Formative Assessment
1.According to fortune business magazine survey Who is the most powerful
women in the world?
2.Fortune releses ranking of companies based on what criteria?
3. When did india opened its market for Globalization?

Mind map
Responsibilities
and Rights
MNCs
Globalization
Technology
Transfer
Laws for
Starting
MNCs

International Rights
MNCs do business in other countries which are culturally and economically
different in order to ensure minimum human rights are met
The right to freedom of physical movement.
The right to ownership of property.
The right to freedom from torture.
The right to a fair trial
The right to nondiscriminatory treatment (freedom from discrimination on
the basis of such characteristics as race or sex).
The right to physical security.(physical security requires supplying
protective goggles to workers running metal lathes, even when this is not
required by the laws of the host country.)
The right to freedom of speech and association.
The right to minimal education.
The right to political participation.
The right to subsistence.

⇒ How multinational corporations can act in other societies, even when those
societies do not recognize the rights in their laws and customs. For example,
the right to nondiscriminatory treatment would make it wrong for corporations to
participate in discrimination against women and racial minorities even though
this may be a dominant custom in the host country.
⇒Workers in less economically developed countries are often willing to take
greater risks than would be acceptable to workers in the United States.

Promoting morally just measures
Activities of multinational corporations beneﬁt the host countries in which
they do business
The business activities of multinational corporations must do more overall
good than bad, which means helping the country’s overall economy and
its workers,In the spirit of utilitarianism, which calls for promoting the most
good for the most people
Even when the workers are working in less safer environment when com-
pared to USA. Under the right of informed consent workers must be in-
formed in language they can understand, of the dangers
Workers may be so desperate for income to feed their families that they
will work under almost any conditions. Corporations must eliminate great
risks when they can while still making a reasonable proﬁt. They must also
pay workers for the extra risks they undertake. Exactly what this means is
a matter of morally good judgment and negotiation.

Evocation

Speciﬁc objective
1.To impart knowledge about Environmental ethics(S)
2. To impart knowledge about ethical world views(S)

Environmental ethics
Environmental ethics
Environmental ethics is a branch of ethics that studies the relation of
human beings and the environment
Environmental ethics believe that humans are a part of society as well as
other living creatures, which includes plants and animals.
Environmental ethics addresses the issues such as Global warming,
global climate change, deforestation, pollution, resource degradation,
threat of extinction.

worldviews of Environmental Ethics
Culture and worldview affect perception of the environment and environ-
mental problems
People with different Worldviews and Cultures may have different values
and hence, their actions toward the environment may differ.

Three ethical worldviews

Some Questions in Environmental Ethics

Evocation

1. What is the current Emission control norm India is following
for vehicles? a. Bharat Stage II b. Bharat Stage III c. Bharat Stage IV d.
Bharat Stage VI
2. Which place is recently hit by high level of pollution in India?
a. Delhi b. Chennai c. Mumbai d. Banglore

Speciﬁc objective
1. To impart knowledge about issues with computer and internet(T)

Computer ethics
Computer ethics
Computer ethics include intellectual property rights such as copyrighted elec-
tronic content, privacy concerns, and how computers affect society.
Why do we need computer ethics?
Traditional laws are outdated/anachronistic in this world a more coherent
body of law is needed to govern Internet and computers
To minimize the problems associated with hacking,cracking,unauthorized
downloading of games,software and movies.

Intellectual property
Intellectual property
Intellectual property refers to creations of the intellect (hence, the name):
inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and de-
signs used in commerce are a part of it.
Intellectual property is usually divided into two branches, namely industrial
property which broadly speaking protects inventions and copyright, which
protects literary and artistic works.

CATEGORIZING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Industrial property
Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial
designs, commercial names, designations and geographic indications (location
speciﬁc brands) etc.
Copyright
Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems
and plays, ﬁlms, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings,
photographs, sculptures, and architectural designs

Ethical rules for computer users
Do not use computers to steal other’s information
Do not access ﬁles without the permission of owner.
Do not copy copyrighted softwares without the authors permission.
Respect the privacy of others, just as you expect the same from others.
Complain about illegal communication and activities, if found, to Internet
service Providers and local law enforcement authorities.
Users are responsible for safeguarding their User Id and passwords. They
should not write them on paper or anywhere else for remembrance.
Congesting somebody’s system ”worms” and ”viruses” which are destruc-
tive to the computer system is also illegal.
Sending obscene message or pictures and crude messages through mail
or chat is also forbidden.

1. What is meant by ethical hacking?
a. practice of modifying the features of a system b. unauthorized use of
computer and network resources c. intrusion testing
2. A product may be sold in market without destroying its novelty
a. Only after applying for patent b. Only after the grant of patent c. Only after
publication of patent in ofﬁcial journal c. None of the above

Mind map
Computer Ehics
Intellectual
property
Industrial
property
Copy Right
Ethical rules
for computer
users

Evocation

Speciﬁc objective
1. To impart knowledge about various roles of Engineers

Engineers as managers
Only 26% of CEOs in the top 1000 companies had their ﬁrst degrees in
Engineering
Engineering mindset and attitude not compatible with management work?
Education preventing engineers from becoming great leaders?
Strengths in engineering have become weaknesses in management?
Differences in work done by engineers versus that by managers?

Why So?
ENGINEERS
Focus Technical/scientiﬁc tasks
Decision Making with great
certainty using adequate technical
information
Perform individual tasks
Work Output is Quantitative,
measurable
Rely on technical expertise and
personal dedication
MANAGERS
Focus People (talents, innovation,
relationships) projects (tasks, pro-
cedure, policy)
Fuzzy information under uncer-
tainty (people’s behavior, customer
needs, market forecasts)
Direct work of others (planning,
leading,organizing, controlling)
Qualitative, less measurable, ex-
cept ﬁnancial results, when appli-
cable
Rely on interpersonal skills to get
work done through people (motiva-
tion, delegation)

Evocation

Engineers as expert witnesses and advisors
At some stage in Engineers career he/she may be required to give evi-
dence in court as an Expert Witness.
An expert may be deﬁned as a person whose qualiﬁcations or expertise
give an added authority to opinions or statements given or made by him
within his area of expertise
Report or reports or statement from accountants, actuaries, architects,
dentists, doctors, engineers, occupational therapists, psychologists, psy-
chiatrists, scientists, or any other expert whatsoever intended to be called
to give evidence in relation to an issue in the action
Some of the incidents that an engineering expert witness investigates for
clients include train and automotive engineering defects as well as con-
struction equipment accidents

Evocation

Moral leadership
A leader, by deﬁnition, is one who guides, who shows the way by example.
A leader, if he is to be effective, must have the ability to persuade others.
If there is no persuasion, there simply is no leadership.
In order to be able to persuade others to follow a course of action, a leader
must have personal integrity. If a man cannot be trusted, he cannot lead,
for the populous will not be guided by someone in whom they have no
conﬁdence.
Moral Leadership is a very different kind of leadership. Rather than aspir-
ing to being followed, Moral Leaders aim to serve. Instead of showcasing
their own skills, Moral Leaders tend to develop the capacities in others.
Moral leadership is not about telling the stakeholders that you have deliv-
ered the best results. It is about looking at yourself in the mirror and being
able to tell yourself that you have done the right thing.

Mind map
Role of Engineers
Engineers
as man-
agers
Engineers
as expert
witnesses
and ad-
visors
Moral
Leadership
Ratan Tata

GLOBAL ISSUES

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (6)

Similar to GLOBAL ISSUES

Similar to GLOBAL ISSUES (20)

More from baskaransece

More from baskaransece (12)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

GLOBAL ISSUES