This document discusses communication styles and elements of communication. It describes four main communication styles: direct, spirited, systematic, and considerate. Each style is defined based on levels of expressiveness and assertiveness. The document also provides tips to improve communication for each style. Elements of face-to-face communication include words, tone of voice, and body language. Verbal communication can be oral or written, while non-verbal communication conveys meaning through body movements.

1. Communication skills
UNIT - II
Mr. Vinayak R. Bodhankar
Asst. Professor, Ph. D. Scholar
Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad

2. Contents
 Elements of Communication: Introduction,
 Face to Face Communication - Tone of Voice,
 Body Language (Non-verbal communication),
 Verbal Communication, Physical Communication
 Communication Styles: Introduction,
 The Communication Styles Matrix with example for each:
 Direct Communication Style
 Spirited Communication Style,
 Systematic Communication Style
 Considerate Communication Style
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3. Face to Face Communication
 It is an effective way of communication as it involves personal contact.
 Persons directly communicate with each other, can use direct eye contact and
body language pattern.
 They can exchange clarification, doubts and explanation orally.
 Elements of Face to Face communication:
 Words
 Tone of voice
 Body language
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4. WORDS:
 Important component of language holding a particular meaning.
 Less number & simple words should be used to convey the message
effectively.
 Guidelines for maintain correct word usage:
 Refer dictionary
 Check the unfamiliar words & its usage
 Search the synonym and antonyms
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5. TONE OF VOICE
 A voice modulation can improve expression during oral presentations, speeches,
debates, conferences & GD’s.
 One can analyze the quality of own voice.
 Types of tones:
1. Static tone: High level & Low level
a) High level tone: indicated by a Tiny vertical bar present before & above the
word. e.g. ‘These
b) Low level tone: indicated by a Tiny vertical bar present before & below the word.
e.g. ,Then
2. Kinetic tone
a) Falling tone: (`) e.g. `Then
b) Rising tone: (´) e.g. ´Why
c) Falling-rising tone: (^ / v) e.g. ^Foolish, v Beautiful
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6. Body Language (Non-verbal or Physical communication)
 Any individual movement reflect any type of meaning is called body language.
 It covers 50% of communication message.
 Refers to non-verbal sign that we use in communication.
 Body covers various actions of the body like person’s stance, walking style, and
different facial expressions.
 These action depends on state of mind and attitude of the person.
Positive body language:
 Standing firmly, Making eye contact, appear attentive
 Increase energy level
Negative body language:
 Poor or no eye contact
 Constantly looking at written notes
 Standing with folding arms continuously
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7. Verbal Communication
Includes both oral & written communication i.e. speaking & writing
Oral communications
 Exchange of verbal information between sender & receiver.
 Very genuine & faster than written communication.
 It may be formal or informal in nature.
Written communication
 It is most popular in business organizations.
 It is official in nature.
 It may be formal or informal in nature depends upon sender and the receiver.
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8. COMMUNICATION STYLES
 Style in case of communication is nothing but how one speaks and writes to
convey the message, idea or thoughts.
 When you talk to your friend, you use informal language, you try to be personal
and subjective but you are impersonal, objective and direct to formal or technical
communication. You use formal language when you make oral presentation.
 This difference particularly determines general style and technical style.
 Style refers to the way something is said rather than what is said.
 Style is distinctive, mode or manner of expressing ideas in language.
 Style could be very formal in case of technical report or professional
presentation or very informal in case of personal letter and casual conversation.
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9. Style in communication depends on several factors and largely depends on:
 The audience
 The communicative context
 The purpose
To improve style in communication the most important elements that one needs
to keep in mind are appropriateness, brevity, clarity, objectivity, and formal
language
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10. COMMUNICATION STYLE MATRIX
The communication model is given by Dr. Eileen Russo proves to be very beneficial.
It describes 2 different dimension of communication style:
i.e. Expressive level & Assertive level
1. Low Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness = Systematic communication style
2. Low Expressiveness + High Assertiveness = Direct communication style
3. High Expressiveness + High Assertiveness = Spirited communication style
4. High Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness = Considerate communication style
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11. DIRECT COMMUNICATION STYLE
 This is denoted by high level of assertiveness and low level of expressiveness.
People who fall under this style of communication do not ask others about
what should be done; What to do.
 They hide emotions while communicating with others and might appear
unfriendly, irritated and overbearing due to which other people might take this
communication style personally.
 People with direct communication style do not consider the importance of
other people rather they try to emphasis on their own works and results.
 They can be offensive to others as the talk freely without any fear, they keep
their private issue separate and do not talk.
 Sometime they appear aggressive instead of assertive in their manner of
expressing emotions, which could cause conflicts.
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12. TIPS FOR DIRECT COMMUNICATORS
 Not interrupt others while they speak and listen to them completely.
 Allow some time to chat before a meeting.
 Allow others to present their reactions on subject.
 Gives time to others for commenting or asking questions.
 Not give or ask for personal information unless the other person initiates.
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13. SPIRITED COMMUNICATION STYLE
 People with this communication style have a nature like carry impressive thoughts,
elaborate new ideas, have convincing ability at the beginning.
 They are not great at talking for the particulars, may deviate from the main topic of
conversation and likely to include stories in their messages to validate or prove
their points.
 Such people find it difficult to stick with the plan. They have tendency to be
dramatic with their verbal or written communication. They may require support
from other persons in order to stay on course and express themselves clearly.
TIPS FOR SPIRITED COMMUNICATORS
 Consider having plan of action for the ideas that one wants to share.
 Allow others to put their suggestions, thoughts and must listen to them.
 Make a plan for every listed point within a time frame.
 Use written reminders and checklist for communicating significant matters.
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14. SYSTEMATIC COMMUNICATION STYLE
 Peoples who fall in such systematic communication style tend to appreciate the
details, analysis instead of the possibilities, thoughts and ideas.
 Unlike spirited people, systematic ones find it uncomfortable to express their
emotions and would stop the communication altogether if the situation becomes
emotional.
 One should make use of tools like graphs, charts and movements trends to
communicate with them as they feel delighted to gain more information.
TIPS FOR SYSTEMATIC COMMUNICATORS
 Systematic communicators should consider the feelings of other people as it is
important for developing good relationship at work.
 Ask suitable questions to obtain the required information.
 Focus on the fact of the situation instead of the opinion of the others.
 Talk about the subject with accuracy and precision.
 Ask other people to develop relationship.
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15. CONSIDERATE COMMUNICATION STYLE
 These kinds of peoples are found to be highly concerned about others sentiments
and feeling.
 They like to get included in the peer group of others by working with them, helping
them, making them happy and connecting with them on a personal level.
 Such peoples are very intense in listening and knowing about others and their
activities.
 They encourage teamwork and give other people chance to speak, they might hold
back from presenting their views on a subject.
 Considerate communicator text direct style of communication personally.
 They feel that a conflicting opinion of others is because they are not being liked by
others. Such peoples can be influenced by the others for maintaining their position
and harmony.
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16. TIPS FOR CONSIDERATE COMMUNICATORS
 Realize that their thoughts are different from the others about particular subject.
 Understand that some people are uncomfortable in discussing private topics at
work. Respect other people's view because it is important as respecting as one’s
own.
 Treat people professionally and let them treat you the same way.
 Encourage other people to express their views and ask questions.
 Assure other people that the view one hold about them is not personal.
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