Electrification
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Electrification and CCTV This presentation discusses the importance of electrical service in buildings and introduces CCTV. It covers the objectives of electrical service including lighting, heating, and powering electronics. The distribution system for electricity including transmission lines, substations, and wiring systems is explained. Considerations for home lighting and precautions for electrical work are provided. CCTV purposes like security, surveillance, and evidence collection are outlined. The technological advancements and some criticisms of CCTV are also mentioned.
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The document provides an overview of lighting design considerations for a presentation by Sandal Usmani and Momin Mohammad Zaki. It discusses key factors in lighting design including lighting quantity through task illuminance levels, and lighting quality in terms of light distribution, integration of daylighting, and considerations for the space and workplace environment. Specific design elements are outlined, such as using task and ambient lighting, minimizing light pollution and trespass, providing flexibility, and addressing color appearance, luminance, and glare.
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This document discusses electrical systems in buildings. It covers topics like electricity generation, distribution circuits, wiring systems, earthing systems, domestic supply, electrical appliances and electric installations. The key points are:
- Electricity is generated using water or fossil fuels and transmitted through transformers at high voltages to reduce losses.
- Buildings are supplied electricity through single or three phase distribution depending on the load. Wiring systems include cleat, casing, conduit and surface wiring.
- Earthing systems provide protection against faults and lightning. Two classes of protection are used.
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- Proper planning, design
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Waterproofing is important for construction to prevent water damage. It involves making structures water resistant through various methods and materials. Common waterproofing methods include cementitious waterproofing for interior areas, liquid waterproofing membranes for flexible coverage, and bituminous membranes and coatings for roofs and foundations. Proper waterproofing protects buildings from leakage, deterioration and mold, while also preventing health issues and unnecessary repair costs. Issues like cracks, poor installation, and lack of maintenance can compromise waterproofing and should be addressed.
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A water supply system typically includes a drainage basin, water collection point, water purification facilities, water storage facilities such as tanks or towers, pressurizing components such as pumps, and a pipe network for distribution. There are three main types of water distribution systems: direct pumping, overhead tank, and hydro-pneumatic. A direct pumping system uses tanks elevated to provide water pressure without additional pumps. An overhead tank system stores water in elevated tanks but may require booster pumps for upper floors. A hydro-pneumatic system uses pressure tanks instead of elevated water tanks.
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- 1. ELECTRIFICATION AND CCTV Presented By Sanish Bhochhibhoya Tutor Akarshaa Khawas Department of Civil Engineering IOE, Tribhuvan University26th June,2018 1
- 2. Students will be able to learn the followings things: Objectives of the Presentation 2 Importance of Electrical Service Purposes of Electrical Service Precautions for Electrical Works Requirements of Electrical Service CCTV purposes and improvements Telephone Network
- 3. Presentation Layouts 3 Importance of Electrical Service in Building Distribution System Protective System Electricity Flow Consideration for Home Lightning Precautions for Electrical Works Introduction to CCTV Introduction to Telephone Network
- 4. 4 Electrification • The process of powering by electricity • Usually associated with changing over from another power source • Wind turbine, Hydroelectricity, Geothermal energy and solar energy are main power sources for electricity generation
- 5. Importance of Electrical Service in Building 5
- 6. a. Lighting: • Consume electrical energy and deliver light energy. • Examples of sources are CFL, Tubelight etc. b. Heating: • Mechanical power ≈ 70% of electrical input. • Used in ovens, pumps, air conditioners, irons, lifts c. Electronics: • Science of converting light, sound, etc into electrical signal and modifying these signals. • Electronics devices operated by using electricity. Electrical Energy Other Form of Energy Electrical Sources 6
- 7. ` HIGH VOLTAGE NATIONAL GRID HIGH VOLTAGE OF 132 KV 11 KV, 3 PHASES, 50Hz 1 PHASE == 230 V 3 PHASES == 400 V AC at 50 cycles/sec GENERATING STATION PIC SOURCE- ZZCONTROLS.COM 7 HIGH VOLTAGE LINES PIC SOURCE- USGS.COM ELECTRIC SUBSTATION PIC SOURCE- GOHZ.COM LOCAL TRANSMISSION PIC SOURCE- WATERHEATERTIMER.ORG CONSUMERS PIC SOURCE- HOMEDSGN.COM •NEA SYSTEM OF FUSE 5,16,30,100A METER BOX CONSUMER UNIT SUPPLY Electricity Flow
- 8. Distribution System: • Fix the size through survey of the load requirements. • Done by planning of distribution and sub-distribution system. • Electricity is fed into the appliances comprises lying of cables and conductors, distribution boards, switches and installing of protective system. 8
- 9. Concealed Wiring • Channels in walls and ceilings during construction • Conduct pipes fixed on channel Surface Wiring • Run over walls or under ceilings • PVC channels to cover wires Wiring system • Cables are drawn inside conduits to protect them from injury. • Conduits may be of metal or hard PVC or polythene pipe in the case of concealed wiring. • Wire may be concealed or surface. 9
- 10. Protective System: • May cause fire due to short circuiting. • Means must provide to cut it off when current exceeds safe value. • Provide fuse breaker which break the circuit by themselves. • Now a day’s MCB(miniature circuit breakers) are widely used. • Main circuit breaks must be installed at the inlet point. 10
- 11. Consideration for Home Lighting • Living and Dining Room – Combination of light fittings providing good strong light for reading etc and decorative light fittings – Use multiple pendent(capable of holding at least a 100W lamp) directly over the dining table • Bedrooms – Lighting positioned such that no direct glaring light while lying in bed – One strong and one weak light will be ideal • Kitchen – Kitchen,being a hot place, cool lighting is best • Bathroom – Lighting should be of uniform level throughout 11
- 12. IF YOU DON’T WANT TO BE ELECTROCUTED • Don’t touch live wires • And person touching live wires before switching off • Use safety belt while working on pole • Use strong cable insulators • Earthing for electric appliances • Wet hands while using electricity is not a good idea 12
- 13. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) • Connected system of camera, display monitors and recording devices • Main purpose of CCTV is security and surveillance • Storage, Preservation, Facial Recognition, Wireless security cameras are some added features • Networking CCTV, Talking CCTV and CCDP are its technological advancements • Negative impact on civil liberties are pointed out as its drawback 13
- 14. Public Perception of Safety HQ Evidence Crime Prevention Home Security Traffic Monitoring In Schools and Offices Industrial Purposes 14
- 15. 15