FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS

1. FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS
SUBMITTED BY:-
RIDDHESH RAJENDRA VARIK
15SA31 T.Y.B.ARCH
ST.WILFRED’S INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

2. INDEX
SR.NO TITLE PG.NO
1 BRICKS
2 TIMBER
3 CONCRETE
4 MINERAL WOOL
5 GYPSUM BOARD
6 ASBESTOS SHEETS
7 PERLITE BOARDS
8 CALCIUM SILICATE BOARDS

3. BRICKS
IT IS FOUND THAT BRICKS ARE NOT
SERIOUSLY AFFECTED UNTIL VERY HIGH
TEMPERATURE OF 12000C TO 13000 C ARE
REACHED.
THIS IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT A BRICK
IS A POOR CONDUCTOR OF HEAT ,IF THE
TYPE OF MORTAR AND QUALITY OF
WORKMANSHIP ARE GOOD, BRICK
MASONRY GENERALLY OFFERS GOOD
RESISTANCE TO FIRE.
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4. TIMBER
AS A GENERAL RULE, STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
MADE OF TIMBER IGNITE AND GET RAPIDLY
DESTROYED IN CASE OF FIRE.
 FURTHER, THEY ADD TO THE INTENSITY OF
FIRE.
BUT TIMBER USED IN HEAVY SECTIONS MAY
ATTAIN A HIGH DEGREE OF FIRE-RESISTANCE
BECAUSE TIMBER IS A VERY BAD CONDUCTOR
OF HEAT
IN ORDER TO MAKE TIMBER MORE FIRE
RESISTANT, THE SURFACES OF TIMBER ARE
SOMETIMES COATED WITH CERTAIN
CHEMICALS SUCH AS AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
AND SULPHATE, BORAX AND BORIC ACID, ZINC
CHLORIDE, ETC.
SUCH A TREATMENT ON TIMBER SURFACES
RETARDS THE RISE OF TEMPERATURE DURING
FIRE.
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5. CONCRETE
CONCRETE HAS GOT VERY GOOD FIRE RESISTANCE.
 THE ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE IN CASE OF
FIRE DEPENDS UPON THE QUALITY OF CEMENT AND
AGGREGATES USED.
 IN CASE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE, IT ALSO DEPENDS UPON
THE POSITION OF STEEL.
 LARGER THE CONCRETE COVER, BETTER IS THE FIRE
RESISTANCE OF THE MEMBER.
THERE IS NO LOSS IN STRENGTH IN CONCRETE WHEN
IT IS HEATED UP TO 250°C. THE REDUCTION IN
STRENGTH STARTS IF THE TEMPERATURE GOES
BEYOND 250°C.
NORMALLY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
CAN RESIST FIRE FOR ABOUT ONE HOUR AT A
TEMPERATURE OF 1000°C.
 HENCE CEMENT CONCRETE IS IDEALLY USED FIRE
RESISTANT MATERIAL
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6. MINERAL WOOL
MINERAL WOOL IS A GENERAL NAME FOR FIBRE MATERIALS THAT ARE FORMED BY SPINNING OR
DRAWING MOLTEN MINERALS (OR "SYNTHETIC MINERALS" SUCH AS SLAG AND CERAMICS).[1]
APPLICATIONS OF MINERAL WOOL INCLUDE THERMAL INSULATION (AS BOTH STRUCTURAL INSULATION
AND PIPE INSULATION, THOUGH IT IS NOT AS FIRE-RESISTANT AS HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION
WOOL), FILTRATION, SOUNDPROOFING, AND HYDROPONIC GROWTH MEDIUM.
HEAT RESISTANCE OF MINERAL WOOL
MATERIAL TEMPERATURE
GLASS WOOL 230 – 260 °C
STONE WOOL 700 – 850 °C
CERAMIC FIBER
WOOL
1200 °C
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7. GYPSUM BOARD
GYPSUM BOARD IS THE PREMIER BUILDING MATERIAL FOR WALL,
CEILING, AND PARTITION SYSTEMS IN RESIDENTIAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
AND COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES AND IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A
MONOLITHIC SURFACE WHEN JOINTS AND FASTENER HEADS ARE
COVERED WITH A JOINT TREATMENT SYSTEM.
ONE PRINCIPAL ADVANTAGE OF GYPSUM BOARD OVER PLYWOOD,
HARDBOARD, AND FIBREBOARD IS ITS STRONG FIRE RESISTANCE.
GYPSUM PRODUCTS ALSO PROVIDE SOUND CONTROL, ECONOMY,
VERSATILITY, QUALITY, AND CONVENIENCE.
GYPSUM BOARD – DEFINED IN ASTM C 11, STANDARD TERMINOLOGY
RELATING TO GYPSUM AND RELATED BUILDING MATERIALS AND
SYSTEMS, AS “THE GENERIC NAME FOR A FAMILY OF SHEET PRODUCTS
CONSISTING OF A NON-COMBUSTIBLE CORE PRIMARILY OF GYPSUM
WITH PAPER SURFACING.” GYPSUM BOARD MAY BE FURTHER
DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS:
REGULAR GYPSUM BOARD – A GYPSUM BOARD WITH NATURALLY
OCCURRING FIRE RESISTANCE FROM THE GYPSUM IN THE CORE; OR
TYPE X GYPSUM BOARD – A GYPSUM BOARD WITH SPECIAL CORE
ADDITIVES TO INCREASE THE NATURAL FIRE RESISTANCE OF REGULAR
GYPSUM BOARD.
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8. ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET
IT IS A BUILDING MATERIAL IN
WHICH ASBESTOS FIBRES ARE
USED TO REINFORCE THIN RIGID
CEMENT SHEETS.
ADVERTISED AS A FIREPROOF
ALTERNATIVE TO OTHER ROOFING
MATERIALS SUCH AS ASPHALT,
ASBESTOS-CEMENT ROOFS WERE
POPULAR NOT ONLY FOR SAFETY
BUT ALSO FOR AFFORDABILITY.
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9. PERLITE BOARDS
PERLITE IS AN AMORPHOUS VOLCANIC GLASS
THAT HAS A RELATIVELY HIGH WATER CONTENT,
TYPICALLY FORMED BY THE HYDRATION OF
OBSIDIAN. IT OCCURS NATURALLY AND HAS THE
UNUSUAL PROPERTY OF GREATLY EXPANDING
WHEN HEATED SUFFICIENTLY.
PERLITE SOFTENS WHEN IT REACHES
TEMPERATURES OF 850–900 °C (1,560–
1,650 °F).
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND
MANUFACTURING FIELDS, IT IS USED IN
LIGHTWEIGHT PLASTERS, CONCRETE AND
MORTAR (MASONRY), INSULATION AND CEILING
TILES.[
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10. CALCIUM SILICATE
CALCIUM SILICATE IS COMMONLY USED AS A SAFE
ALTERNATIVE TO ASBESTOS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE
INSULATION MATERIALS
IT IS USED IN PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION AND
FIREPROOFING AS CALCIUM SILICATE BRICK OR IN ROOF
TILES.
WHILE THE BEST POSSIBLE REACTION TO FIRE
CLASSIFICATIONS ARE A1 (CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS)
AND A1FL (FLOORING APPLICATIONS) RESPECTIVELY, BOTH
OF WHICH MEAN "NON-COMBUSTIBLE" ACCORDING TO EN
13501-1: 2007, AS CLASSIFIED BY A NOTIFIED LABORATORY
IN EUROPE, SOME CALCIUM-SILICATE BOARDS ONLY COME
WITH FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF A2 (LIMITED
COMBUSTIBILITY) OR EVEN LOWER CLASSIFICATIONS (OR
NO CLASSIFICATION), IF THEY ARE TESTED AT ALL.
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