The document discusses electricity, light, and sound. It explains that electricity is generated by the movement of electrons forced along a path by humans. Materials like conductors can carry electrical energy in the form of moving electrons, while insulators cannot. Light is a form of energy made up of photons that can behave as both a particle and wave. Light travels very fast but bends when passing through different materials like water via refraction. Sound is a vibration that travels through matter as a wave and can be heard. It needs material to travel through as it moves molecules in a chain.

1. ELECTRICIT
Y
BY MARÍA AND LEYRE.

2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
•
Matter is made up of atoms. In these atoms, there are some
even small stuff called electrons that are constantly
moving. The movement of these electrons depends on how
much energy it has. This means every object has potential
energy, even though some have more than others.
Humans can force these moving electrons along a path
from one place to the other. There are special mediums
called conductors, that carry this energy. Some materials
cannot carry energy in this form, and they are called
insulators. We generate electrical energy whey we
succeed in causing these electrons to move from one atom
to the other, with the use of magnetic forces

3. Click here to see the movement of electrons

4. CIRCUITS

5. ELECTRICAL
•ARE FORMED BY
GENERATORS, SWITCHES,
LIGHT BULBS, ELECTRICAL
MOTORS AND CABLES.

6. ELECTRONIC
CIRCUITS
•CONSIST OF MUCH
SMALLER COMPONENTS

7. CONDUCTORS
AND
INSULATORS

8. CONDUCTOR
S
• ELECTRIC CHARGES CAN MOVE EASILY
THROGH CONDUCTORS.

9. INSULATORS
• ELECTRIC CHARGES CANNOT MOVE TROGH
INSULATORS.

10. MAGNETS

11. MAGNETS
• A MAGNET IS AN OBJECT WHICH CAN ATRACT
OTHER OBJECTS MADE OF IRON. THIS
ATTRACTION IS CALLED MAGNETISM .

12. TEMPORARY
MAGNETS

13. FORCES BETWEEN
MAGNETS
• MAGNETS HAVE 2 PARTS :
• NORTH MAGNETIC POLE SOUTH MAGNETIC
POLE
• WHEN WE PUT 2 MAGNETS NEAR EACH THEY
CAN ATRACT OR REPEL EACH OTHER.

14. USE OF
MAGNETISM• MAGNETS: USED FOR MICROPHONES,
SPEAKERS, ELECTRONIC MOTOR …
• ELECTROMAGNET: USED FOR MACHINES THAT
SEPARATE A METALLIC OBJECT FROM
ANOTHER MATERIAL.
• MAGNETIC HARDWARE: USED FOR STORING
INFORMATION.
• MAGNETIC BAND ALSO TO STORE
INFORMATION.

15. EARTH
MAGNETISM• IT BEHAVES LIKE A GIANT MAGNET WE USE
THE EARTH MAGNETISM TO ORIENTATE
OURSELVES USING A COMPASS.

17. ELECTROMAGNE
TS
• IS A DEVICE THAT WORKS LIKE A MAGNET
WHEN YOU CONNECT IT TO THE
ELECTRICITY,S IT STOP WORKING WHEN IT IS
DISCONNECTED . IT IS MADE OF A ROLLING
COOPER WIRE AROUND A BAR MADE OF IRON.
•

18. OBJECTS AND
ELECTRICAL
CHARGES

19. OBJECTS AND ELECTRICAL
CHARGES
• THERE ARE 2 TYPES:
• POSITIVE
• NEGATIVE

20. COMPONENTS
OF ELECTRICAL
CIRCUITS

21. CABLES
• TRANSMIT THE ELCTRICAL CURRENT FROM
THE GENERATOR TO THE OTHER
COMPONENTS OF THE CIRCUIT. GENERALLY,
ELECTRIC CABLES ARE MADE OF COOPER
WIRES THAT ARE COVERED WITH PLASTIC.

22. LIGHT
BULBS•CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL
CURRENT INTO LIGHT,
MOVEMENT, HEAT AND
SOUND

23. SWITCHES
•MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO CONTROL
THE CURRENT IN THE CIRCUIT.
THEY MAKE CURRENT FLOW AND
STOP FLOWING.

24. GENERATOR
S• GENERATORS HAVE TWO POLES OR
TERMINALS. ELECTRICAL CHARGES EXIT
THROUGH ONE TERMINAL AND ENTER
THROUGH THE OTHER. IN THIS, AN
ELECTRICAL CURRENT IS CREATED.

25. TYPES OF
GENERATORS

26. BATTERIES
• ARE USED IN SMALL APPLIANCES, SUCH US
TORCHES AND TOYS

27. RECHARGEABLES
FUNCTION LIKE BATTERIES, WHEN
THEY ARE USED UP THEY CAN BE
RECHARGED.

28. PANELS
PANELS TRANSFORM LIGHT INTO
ELECTRICAL CURRENT.

29. ALTERNATORS AND DYNAMOS
THESE PRODUCE ELECTRICAL
CURRENTS THANKS TO A TURNING
MECHANISM

30. EFFECTS OF
ELECTRICAL
CURRENT

31. HEAT
WHEN ELECTRICAL CURRENT CIRCULATES
TROUGH A WIRE, IT CAN HEAT UP.

32. LIGHT
ELCTRICAL CURRENT CAN PRODUCE LIGHT AS
WE CAN SEE IN THE LIGHT BULB.

33. SOUND
ELECTRICAL CURRENT CAN BE TRANSFORMED
INTO SOUND.

34. MAGNETISM
WHEN ELECTICAL CURRENT CIRCULATES
TROUGH A WIRE , THIS BEHAVES LIKE A
MAGMENT.

35. MOVEMENT
IN ELECTRICAL MOTORS, ELECTRICAL
CURRENT PRODUCES A TURNING OF
MOVEMENT

36. LIGHT
•It is not considered matter, light is
a form of energy made of photons.
Light is unique in that it behaves
like both a particle and a wave.

37. OPAQUE, TRANSLUCENT,
TRANSPARENT OBJECTS
• Depending on the type of matter it comes into contact
with, light will behave differently. Sometimes light will
pass directly through the matter, like with air or water.
This type of matter is called transparent. Other objects
completely reflect light, like an animal or a book.
These objects are called opaque. A third type of object
does some of both and tends to scatter the light.
These objects are called translucent objects.

40. SPEED OF LIGHT
• Light moves at the fastest known speed in the
universe.
It travels in a straight way at 300,000 km/sec.
However, when passing through transparent
materials, like water or glass, light bends or turns.
This is because different materials or mediums have
different qualities.

41. REFRACTION
• Refraction Normally, light travels in a straight path
called a ray, however, when passing through
transparent materials, like water or glass, light bends
or turns. This is because different materials or
mediums have different qualities. In each type of
medium, whether it is air or water or glass, the
wavelength of the light will change, but not the
frequency. As a result, the direction and speed of the
traveling light wave will change and the light will
appear to bend or change directions.

44. SOUND
SOUND IS A VIBRATION, OR WAVE, THAT TRAVELS
THROUGH MATTER (SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS) AND CAN BE
HEARD.
• SOUND NEEDS MATTER TO TRAVEL. The
vibration that starts the sound makes the molecules
near it vibrate too and these do it like a chain, so
the vibrations contiunues. The sound travels in a
straight way at 343 m/sec in air, in water it travels 4
times faster.

45. • When an object runs faster than sound
(planes) you can hear like an explosion
because it generates a lot of sound waves.
This is called a sonic boom, we say it
breaks the barrier sound.

46. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
• Intensity: loud and soft sounds. The loudest are the
most intense.
• Pitch: by which we identify the origin of the sound:
a violin has a differentpitch from a human voice.
• Tone: to distinguish high from low notes.

47. VOLUME
• You measure the loudness of sound with decibels.
• 15-20 decibels can be a whisper, aloud sound of a
jet engine can measure 150 decibels. At about 130
decibels it can hurt your ears.

48. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
LIGHT AND SOUND