1. Electric current is the flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes. 2. James Joule discovered that electric current generates heat when passing through a wire, known as the heating effect. 3. The heating effect has many applications, including heating elements in appliances that produce heat when current flows through coils inside.

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2. ELECTRIC CURRNT AND ITS EFFECTS
• A movement or flow of electrically charged
particles, typically measured in amperes is
called as electric current .

3. • An electric circuit is an interconnection of
electric components such that electric
charge is made to flow along a closed
path (a circuit), usually to perform some
useful task.

5. • In the 19th century, James Joule studied a
property, which says that "when an electric
current flows through the filament of a
bulb, it generates heat, and so the bulb
becomes hot". This property is named the
heating effect of electric current.

6. • Heating effect of electric current has many
applications.
• HEATING ELEMENTS.
These appliances have coils of wire that produce heat,
which are known as heating elements
As current flows through these electrical appliances,
the coils of wire inside turn bright orange red in colour.
This is because a huge amount of heat is produced.
Different appliances have different types of heating elements.
The type of heating element depends on the function of the
appliance.
Some appliances are required to produce more heat than others

7. HEATING ELEMENTS.

8. • Electric Fuse
• The electric fuse works on the principle of the heating
effect of electric current. An electric fuse is a safety
device to prevent damage to an electrical circuit when
excessive current flows through it. It is made of a special
material. As the current increases beyond a limit, the
wire in the electric fuse melts and breaks off. The fuse is
then said to have blown off. The circuit is broken and
current stops flowing through it. Thus, a fuse prevents
fires.
There are various types of fuses. Some fuses are used
only in buildings, while others are used in appliances.

9. • Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB)
• Instead of fuses, M C Bs are used
nowadays because these are switches
that turn off automatically when there is an
overload or a short circuit. After solving
the problem in the circuit, the switch can
be turned back on, and then the current
flows as usual.

10. • Hans Christian oersted was the first
person noticed the deflection of compass
needle every time when the current was
passed through the wire.

11. • When an electric current flows through a
wire it behaves like a magnet.
• When a magnetic needle bring close to
the wire it gets deflected. This is called
magnetic effect of electric current.

12. • An electromagnet is a type of magnet in
which the magnetic field is produced by
the flow of electric current. The magnetic
field disappears when the current is turned
off. Electromagnets are widely used as
components of other electrical devices,
such as electric bells, motors, generators,
relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI
machines,

14. • CONSTRUCTION One end of armature
winding is connected to terminal T1 and
the other to a spring, which is mounted on
a soft iron strip. A rod is attached to the
armature and the free end of the rod
carries a small hammer, which strikes a
bell. A very light spring is attached to a
screw, which is joined to terminal T2

15. • WORKING OF ELECTRIC BELL The electric circuit is
completed through a battery and push switch button
connected to the terminal T1 and T2. When the push
button is pressed the electric circuit is completed and the
armature is attracted towards the electromagnet as a
result, the small spring gets detached from the screw
due to which the electric circuit is broken and the
electromagnet is demagnetized. Hence, the attraction
disappears and the armature is brought back by the
spring to its original position. Contact of the spring with
the screw is now remade, which completes the electric
circuit. The action is repeated over and over again
consequently. The armature vibrates and hammer
attached to it strikes the gong and the bell rings and
sound is produced.