The document discusses electrical wiring systems used in buildings. It describes different types of wiring such as cleat wiring, wood casing wiring, CTS wiring, conduit wiring, and metal sheathed wiring. It covers topics like wire selection criteria based on current and voltage ratings, wire insulation materials, and Indian Standards for electrical wiring installations. Color coding of wires is also mentioned.
Design considerations of electrical installationsvishalgohel12195
Design considerations of electrical installations
Types of Loads
Estimation of load
Demand factor
Load factor
Diversity factor
Electric supply system
Overhead supply system
Underground cable system
Selection of type of wiring
Durability
Appearance
Cost
Safety
Accessibility
Maintenance cost
System of wiring
Design considerations of electrical installationsvishalgohel12195
Design considerations of electrical installations
Types of Loads
Estimation of load
Demand factor
Load factor
Diversity factor
Electric supply system
Overhead supply system
Underground cable system
Selection of type of wiring
Durability
Appearance
Cost
Safety
Accessibility
Maintenance cost
System of wiring
This presentation includes Electrical services basic layout and basic terminologies related to electrical services and its also includes types of wiring and system of wiring....
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
Prepared by: Maharshi Solanki
Guided by:Prof. Jaydeep Vanpariya
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...Bint Shameem
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
This presentation includes Electrical services basic layout and basic terminologies related to electrical services and its also includes types of wiring and system of wiring....
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
Prepared by: Maharshi Solanki
Guided by:Prof. Jaydeep Vanpariya
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...Bint Shameem
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
Basic Difference Between Wires and CablesDr.Raja R
Basic Difference Between Wires and Cables
What’s the basic difference between Wires and Cables?
List some of the basic differences between Wires and Cables
Different uses of Wire and Cable
Types of Wire and Cable
Different advantages of using Wire and Cable
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
This power point presentation gives you information about the general terms related to electricity, different types of wire, different type of currents and different system of wiring.
The presentation was prepared by
Dhawani Lavish J. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Lalwani Piyush P.(civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Modi Parth P. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic).
Thank You!!!
This is a complete guide on Hollow conductors which are used at Power Plants for AC systems.
This is a training report on Bus Ducts. This was presented at Sri Balaji College of engineering and technology by Ajay Meena.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Pile Foundation by Venkatesh Taduvai (Sub Geotechnical Engineering II)-conver...
Electrical wiring system
1. Building services – IV
Electrical wiring system
Submitted by:-
Antima Pathak
Ekta Bhardwaj
Shweta Saini
2. • Electrical wiring is generally refers to insulated conductor used to carry
current and associated device.
• Domestic electric appliances like lights, fans, washing machines, water
pumps etc are connected to the supply through insulated wires which are
controlled by switches.
• The wiring diagram gives the connections of different appliances to the
supply within a house or building.
3. • State electricity board provide electric supply up
to a point outside the consumer premises. From
this point consumer take the connection to his
main board . Insulated electrical wires will be
taken out to various places in the permises to
supply power to different type of loads like lights ,
fans , refrigerators , room coolers , heaters,etc.
4. • The conductor material, insulation , size and the
number of cores, specifies the electrical wires.
• The conductors are usually of either copper or
aluminium.
• Various insulating materials like PVC,TRS and VIR
are used.
• The wire may be of single strand or multi strand.
• Wires with combination of different diameters and
the number of cores or strands are available.
5. • The selection of the wire is made depending on
the requirement considering factors like current
and voltage ratings, cost and application.
• The current carrying capacity depends on the
total area of the wires.
6. Wires are drawn along the consumer’s building to
distribute power to all points where load is
situated.
Types of wiring according to uses;
1. Domestic wiring.
2. Commercial wiring.
3. Industrial wiring.
7. • 1. life of installation
• 2. future extension or alterations
• 3. construction of building
• 4. fire hazards or other special conditions
• 5. corrosive fumes
• 6. dampness
• 7. type of wire and material used
• 8. nature of load (lighting of power)
• 9. safety of the system
• 10. cost of wiring system
8. • Durability : Type of wiring selected should conform
to standard specifications, so that it is durable i.e.
without being affected by the weather conditions,
fumes etc.
• Safety : The wiring must provide safety against
leakage, shock and fire hazards for the operating
personnel.
• Appearance : Electrical wiring should give an
aesthetic appeal to the interiors.
• Cost: It should not be prohibitively expensive.
9. • Accessibility : The switches and plug points
provided should be easily accessible. There must
be provision for further extension of the wiring
system, if necessary.
• Maintenance Cost : The maintenance cost should
be a minimum.
• Mechanical safety : The wiring must be
protected against any mechanical damage.
10. • These are the following types of wiring are:-
1. Cleat wiring
2. Wood casting wiring
3. CTS wiring or TRS wiring or Batten wiring
4. Conduit wiring
5. Metal sheathed wiring or lead sheathed wiring
11. • In this type of wiring , wood or plastc cleats are
fixed to walls or cellings at regular intervals
.i.e.,0.6m between each cleat.
• PVC insulated cables are taken through the holes
of each cleat .
• Cleat support and hold wires.
• This is cheap method .
• Is used for temporary installations.
• It is not suitable for home .
• It is outdated method.s
12. • This System uses insulated Cables sub protected in
porcelain cleats.
13.
14.
15. • In this cable is run through a wood casing having
grooves.
• The wood casing is of required fixed length with
parallel grooves that accommodates the cables.
• The wooden casing is fixed to the walls or ceiling with
screws.
• After placing the cables inside the grooves of casing , a
wooden cap with grooves is placed on it to cover the
cables.
• This is also cheap wiring system.
• There is a high risk of fire in case of short circuits.
16.
17. • In this , insulated wires are run
through the straight teak wooden
battens.
• The wooden battens are fixed on
the ceiling or walls by plugs and
screws.
• The cables are fitted onto the
battens by using tinned brass link
clips.
• These clips are fixed to the battens
with rust-resistance nails.
• This wiring installation is simple
and cheap.
• This system takes less time to
install.
• These are mainly used for indoor
installations
18. • In this wiring , PVC cables are taken through either
PVC conduit pipes or through steel conduit pipes.
• This conduit wiring can be either surface conduit
wiring or concealed conduit wiring.
• If the conduits are run inside the surface of the
walls and ceilings and are covered with plastering,
it is called as conduit wiring.
19. • Surface conduit wiring is used in industries to
connect the heavy motors.
• Concealed wiring is the most popular and
common method of wiring the residential
buildings.
• This method is the safest method of wiring and
also look beautiful.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. • Electrical drawings plays an important role in
electrical installation works that they convey
information about connection of various devices
and equipments with mains.
• It provides the complete information,and also
helps to assemble the various equipments.
25. • It is a functional drawing which shows and
describes the main operating principles of the
equipments or devices.
• It consists of :-
-principle functions (represented by blocks)
- line connections (shows relationship between
them).
The diagram is usually drawn before implementing
a circuit diagram.
26. • Not give any detailed information.
• leaves the information about smaller cmponents.
27. • Is a simplified notation of an
electrical system.
• Called as one-line diagram or
single line diagram .
• Similar to the block diagram
• It consists of symbols to
represent the components.
• Lines to represent the wires
or conductors which
connects the components
together.
• the line diagram is derived
from the block diagram.
28. • Electrical circuit is graphically represented in a
simplified manner.
• it gives the position information of various
elements (in cm or m or mm)
• Doesn’t give any layout of the parts and their
detail wiring information of the components.
29. • One can do wiring by following the information
given in this diagram
• These diagram illustrate the working of an electric
circuit.
30. • Wiring diagram is a representation of the circuit ,
shows the wiring between parts or elements.
• Gives detailed information about wiring .
• It includes:-
-relative position
-arrangement of devices
-terminals on the devices
It shows power supplies and earth connections .
33. • WIRING INSTALLATIONS
1 SCOPE
• This Section 9 of the Code covers the essential design and
constructional requirements for electrical wiring
installations.
2 REFERENCES
• A list of relevant Indian Standards on electrical wiring is
given at Annex A.
34. • LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS RELATED TO
INSTALLATION IS No.
• 371 : 1999 Ceiling roses — Specification
• 732 : 1989 Code of practice for electrical wiring installations
• 1255 : 1983 Code of practice for installation and maintenance of power cables upto and
including 33 kV rating .
• 1293 : 2005 Plugs and socket-outlets of rated voltages up to and including 250 V and
rated current up to and including 16 A -Specification
• 1646 : 1997 Code of practice for fire safety of buildings (general):
Electrical Installations .
• 2412 : 1975 Link clips for electrical wiring
• 2667 : 1988 Fittings for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring
• 3043 : 1987 Code of practice for earthing
• 3419 : 1988 Fittings for rigid non-metallic conduits
• 3480 : 1966 Flexible steel conduits for electrical wiring
• 3808 : 1979 Method of test for non-combustibility of building materials
• 3837 : 1976 Accessories for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring
• 3854 : 1997 Switches for domestic and similar purposes
• 3961 Recommended current ratings for cables:
35. • (Part 1) : 1967 Paper insulated lead sheathed cables
• (Part 2) : 1967 PVC insulated and PVC sheathed heavy duty cables
• (Part 3) : 1968 Rubber insulated cables
• (Part 5) : 1968 PVC insulated light duty cables
• 4289 Specification for flexible cables for lifts and other flexible connections
• (Part 1) : 1984 Elastomer insulated cables
• (Part 2) : 2000 PVC insulated circular cables
• 4649 : 1968 Adaptors for flexible steel conduits
• 5571 : 2000 Guide for selection of electrical equipment for hazardous areas
• 5572 : 1994 Classification of hazardous areas (other than mines) having flammable
• gases and vapours for electrical installation
• 6946 : 1990 PVC insulated cables for working voltages upto and including 1100 V
• 8130 : 1984 Conductors for insulated electric cables and flexible cords
• 8623 Specification for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies:
• (Part 1) : 1993/
• IEC 60439-1 : 1985 Requirements for type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies
• (Part 2): 1993/
• EC 60439-2 : 1987 Particular requirements for busbar trunking systems (busway)
• (Part 3) : 1993/
• IEC 60439-3 1990 Particular requirements for : equipment where unskilled persons have access for their
use
36. • 9537 Conduits for electrical installations
• (Part 2) : 1981 Rigid steel conduits
• (Part 3) : 1983 Rigid plain conduits of insulating materials
• (Part 4) : 1983 Pliable self-recovering conduits of insulating materials
• (Part 5) : 2000 Pliable conduits of insulating material
• (Part 6) : 2000 Pliable conduits of metal or composite materials
• (Part 8) : 2003 Rigid non-threadable conduits of aluminium alloy 11000 (Part2/ Sec1) : 1984 /
• IEC 695-2-1 : 1980 Fire hazard testing: Part 2 Test methods, Section 1 Glow-wire test and guidance
• 11353 : 1985 Guide for uniform system of marking and identification of conductors and
apparatus terminals 13703 (Part 1) :
• 1993 /IEC 269- 1 : 1986 LV Fuses for voltages not exceeding 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc: Part 1
• 14255 : 1995 Aerial bunched cables for working voltages upto and including 1 100 V
— Specification
• 14763 : 2000 Conduits for electrical purposes — Outside diameters of conduits for electrical
installation and threads for conduits and fittings — Specification
• 14768 (Part 1) : 2000 Conduit fittings for electrical installations — Specification: Part 1 General
requirements
37. • 14772 : 2000 General requirements for enclosures of accessories for household and similar
fixed electrical installations — Specifications for an accessory or luminaries
• 14927 Cable trunking and ducting systems for electrical installations:
• (Part 1) : 2001 General requirements
• (Part 2) : 2001 Cable trunking and ducting systems intended for mounting on walls or Ceilings
• 14930 Conduit systems for electrical installations:
• (Part 1) : 2001 General requirements
• (Part 2) : 2001 Particular requirements — Conduit systems buried underground
• SP 69 : 2000 Banking and related financial services — Information security guidelines
38. • ELECTRICAL ASPECTS OF BUILDING SERVICES
• 1 SCOPE
• This Part 1/Section 11 of the Code covers requirements
for installation work relating to building services that
use electric power.
• NOTE — SP 7 ‘National Building Code of India’ should
be referred for non-electrical aspects of building
services.
• 2 REFERENCES
• A list of Indian Standards related to building services is
given at Annex A.
39. • LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS RELATED TO BUILDING SERVICES
IS No Title
• 1881 : 1998 Code of practice for indoor installation of public address systems
• 1882 : 1993 Code of practice for outdoor installation of public address system
• 2175 : 1988 Specification for heat sensitive fire detectors for use in automatic fire
alarm system
• 2440 : 1975 Guide for daylighting of buildings
• 3103 : 1975 Code of practice for industrial ventilation
• 3043 : 1987 Code of practice for earthing
• 3362 : 1977 Code of practice for natural ventilation of residential buildings
• 3646 (Part 1): 1992 Code of practice for interior illumination: Part 1 General
requirements and recommendations for welding interiors
• 7662 (Part 1): 1974 Recommendations for orientation of buildings: Part 1 Non-
industrial buildings
• 8884 : 1978 Code of practice for the installation of electric bells and call system
• 8969 : 1978 Code of practice for installation and maintenance of impulse and
electronic master and slave electric clock systems
• 14665 (Part 2/ Sec 1) : 2000 Electric traction lifts: Part 2 Code of practice for
installation, operation and maintenance, Section 1 Passenger and goods lifts
40. • 14665 (Part 2/ Sec 2) : 2000 Electric traction lifts: Part 2 Code of practice for installation,
operation and maintenance, Section 2 Service lifts
• 14665 (Part 3/ Sec 1) : 2000 Electric traction lifts: Part 3 Safety rules, Section 1 Passenger and
goods lifts
• 14665 (Part 3/ Sec 2) : 2000 Electric traction lifts: Part 3 Safety rules, Section 2 Service lifts
• SP 7 : 2005 National Building Code of India
• SP 72 : 2010 National Lighting Code
41. EARTHING
1 SCOPE
• This Part 1/Section 14 of the Code covers general requirements
associated with earthing in electrical installations. Specific
requirements for earthing in individual installations are covered
in respective Parts of the Code.
• NOTES
1 This Section shall be read in conjunction with the provisions
of IS 3043.
• 2 Additional rules applying to earth leakage circuit-breaker
systems are covered in Annex A.
2 REFERENCES
• For further details, the following standards may be referred:
42. • IS No Title
• 732 : 1989 Code of practice for electrical wiring installations (third revision)
• 3043 : 1987 3043 : 1987 Code of practice for earthing (first revision)
• IS 8437(Part 1) : 1993 Guide on effects of current passing through human body: Part 1
General aspects
• IS 8437(Part 2) : 1993 Guide on effects of current passing through human body: Part 2
Special aspects
• IS/IEC 60947-2 : 2006 Low voltage switchgear and controlgear: Part 2 Circuit breakers
• IS/IEC 60947-4-1: 2002 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear: Part 4 Contactors and
motor-starters, Section 1 Electromechanical contactors and motorstarters
43. LIGHTNING PROTECTION
1 SCOPE
• 1.1 This (Part 1/Section 15) of the Code covers guidelines
on the basic electrical aspects of lightning protective
systems for buildings and the electrical installation
forming part of the system.
• 1.2 Additional guidelines if any, for specific occupancies
from the point of lightning protection are covered in
respective sections of the Code. 2
REFERENCES
• The following Indian Standards on lightning protection
may be referred for further details:
44. IS No. Title
• IS 2309 : 1989 Code of practice for the protection of buildings and allied structures against lightning
(second revision)
• IS 15086 : Part 5/ Surge arresters : Part 5 Selection
• IEC 60099-5 : 1996 and application recommendations