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Electrical installation for commercial & public building
- 1. Electrical Installation for Commercial& public building BY D.H.Shukla
- 2. Introduction •In this Chapterwe learn about a commercial building’s wiring like “Hotel, School, Collage, Hostel, Hospital, Shopping Complex etc. •This type of area have different wiring type compared to Residential & safety as well as excess load is more considerable • To do wiring first study about them circuit diagram & wiring diagram. •Also estimation of materials and them cost
- 3. Electrical Installation forCommercial & Public •Electrical Service & Supply •Internal Distribution •Residential Distribution •Medium Large Installation •Large Installation
- 4. Electrical Service &Supply
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- 10. Fundamental Consideration ofPlanning an Electrical Installation System •Lighting load •Fixed an Portable appliances •In commercial building : Ext. Fan, AC, Heater, Washing Machine Motor etc.
- 11. Design Considerations ofElectrical Installation in Commercial Building •Deciding the Number of Sub-Circuits: Light Fan, Power •Deciding Size & rating Switch Board & DB •Deciding size of Cables: (Table 3.1 to 3.4) •Deciding Size of Conduits (Table 3.5)
- 12. BUS & BUSBARChamber
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- 16. Important points aboutBUSBARS •Length of busbar chamber is more then 10cm of busbar •Distance between two feeder is 5 cm for every busbar, this is for future extension, •If current capacity is 200A then distance is 5 cm and if current capacity is 400A then distance should be 10 cm •Distance between from side end to support is minimum 3cm •Hole in busbar for single connection •Connection of round busbar through nut- bolt & clamp
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- 19. Point of BUSBARChamber Size •Size of BUSBAR is depends on current capacity of BUSBAR •Switch number and ratings are given in BUSBAR chamber •BUSBAR is fabricated by 16 SWG MS Sheet •If BUSBAR current strip capacity is 400A then Size is 50mm X 5mm and 50mmX10mm
- 20. Dimension Of busbarchamber size & No. of given current rating Sr nO. Dimension L X B XH Aluminium Copper Busbar Length (MM) Current Rating (A) NO. Poreciln Insulator per bus Rectangular X-Section Copper Aluminium NO. Strip. Phase Size (mm) NO. Strip. Phase Size (mm) 1 1150x400x1 50 1000 100 3 1 20 X5 1 25 x5 2 1150x400x1 50 1000 200 3 1 30 X5 1 40 x5 3 1150x400x1 50 1000 300 3 1 40 x 5 1 50 x 5 4 1150x400x1 50 1000 400 3 1 50 x 5 1 50 x 10 5 1150x400x1 50 1000 630 3 - - 2 40 x10 6 1150x400x1 50 1000 800 3 - - 2 50 x10
- 21. Distance between BUSBARfor given voltage Sr no. Voltage Clearance (mm) Between Phase Between Phases to earth 1 415 v 19 16 2 0.6 kV 25 19 3 3.3kv 51 35 4 11 Kv 127 77 5 22 kV 242 140 6 33kV 356 223
- 22. Special Requirements ofoffice, shopping, commercial centres & Institution •Office Building / Business Building : Bank , Research lab and many kinds of business offices •Shopping /Commercial complex/Mercantile Building : Dept. Store, Market, Shop, Retail Store etc •Education Building : School, Collage, Day care etc
- 23. Special Requirements asfollows: • Supply Characteristics & parameters • Branch Circuit • Services line • Building Substation • Metering • System Protection • Building Services • Miscellaneous Provision
- 25. Supply Characteristics • MaximumDemand & Diversity • Types of distribution , Main/sub distribution • Type of Supply • Installation Section • Effects of External parameters • Building Services like: Light, Air Conditioner, Lift • Fire Fitting pumps, Fire Alarm, Call bell system, Clock System • Intercom • CCTV • Computer Installation • Metering for different loads
- 27. Branch Circuit • Wiringof Branch Circuit as per IS standard, Addition Communication network, Fire alarm, Data Processing Equipment wiring as per manufacturing data • Also motor load, Special Lighting, and other load appliances are also calculated • For Offices and showroom interior decoration they made POP, For this purpose inner side wiring made by metal conduit • Provide a sufficient number of socket-outlet instead of providing multiple outlet using single socket • A schools, collages which are situated in pollution zone, should be used metal clade weather proof cover
- 28. Building Substation Parts of Electrical Installation Power Requirement Percentage (%) Diversity Factor AirConditioner 45 1.0 Drives 5 0.65 Lighting 30 0.95 Lift 20 1.0
- 29. Continue… •General: • Rating ofTransformer Should be considering excessive load • It should be provide better ventilation, Also Un-aurthorised Person and Birds should not entered • Cable from sub-Station to Main Building should be pass by under ground duct, this duct should be sealed both side because rain water will not enter in.
- 30. Continue… •Emergency Supply •Install DGSet should be installed as per IS standard , also give a separate feeder from main supply feeder •A building require more safety at a place emergencies power is needed •A emergences power should be 25% of a total building load
- 31. Switching & PanelBoard • When devices are installed at outdoor side then provide a dust free, water proof encloser, • Switch board is cubicle or open type and give a label to each board • Switchboard location should be away from public area • In office, building, shopping complex, commercial building a rated MCB should be used, Also use a fuse instead of MCB
- 32. Metering • In highrise building for Separate load meters are installed as per IS:15707 at ground floor
- 33. System Protection • EducationBuilding (Group B): If education building has a more then 2 floor then it has a more then 500m2 area, Also it has Fire Equipment Electrical Fire alarm and automatic fire safety should be provide. • Business Building (Group E): If Business Building has a more then 2 floor then it has a more then 500m2 area, Also it has Fire Equipment Electrical Fire alarm and automatic fire safety should be provide. • Mercentile Building (Group F): Sprinkiling System is provided,Also this system provided in under ground Shopping Center
- 34. Building Services • LightingServices: Choices of lamp and light fitting is depends upon illumination & glare index • In commercial Complex although where working area low glare index lighting is installed • In showroom horizontal and vertical plane lighting is more used
- 35. Air Conditioner If loadof Air Conditioner is more then 500 tone then Provide separate Control Room
- 36. Lift & Escalator •Capacity • Sr NO Occupanacy Load gross area m2 1 Eduvation 4 2 Bussiness 10 3 Mercantile Ground Floor 1st and 2 nd floor 3 6
- 37. Continue... Sr no. OccupancyFloor Car Speed 1 Office building 4-5 6-12 13-12 0.5-0.75 0.75-1.5 More then 1.5 2 Shop and Departnetal Store 2-2.5 In Office Building both side one -one lift is installed and its Switch gear installed in common room
- 38. Miscellaneous Provision • Telephone/Intercom/Wi-Fi •Electrical bell- bell System • Clock System • CCTV(Closed Circuit TV):In Commercial Building only display an information and Security purpose In School Prerecording Program and Equipment Security purpose • Emergency Lighting for Critical Area
- 40. Special Requirment OfReCreation Assembly Building • Theater,Auditorium, Museum, Resort, Dance Hall, Club, Hall •
- 41. Supply Characteristics • Exchangeof Information • Feeder • Services line • Building SubSation • System Protection • Building Services • Micelenious
- 43. Supply Characteristics •Exchange OfInformation : •1. Audio-Visual System •2.Stage Ligting & Control •3. Auditorium Lighting •Installation is based on IE rule and state autority Rule
- 46. Branch Circuit • PowerInstallation : Stage Machinery, Ventilation, Lift, Additional Power • Lighting : General Lighting, Corridor, State case Lighting, Stage lighting, Dressing Room, Workshop, Store Lighting • Emergency Supply: There are 3 main circuit • 1. For control a central stage lighting using Dimmer regulator a cabin should be there • 2. ½ area of auditorium for Entry and Exit • 3.Another ½ area for passage way of Entry and exit
- 47. Continue… • There aretwo Circuit for control cabin : 1. For cabin equipment 2. light & fan • Wiring should be conduit type, At end of conduit switch, control gear, or equipment terminal box will be there • There is no any temporary wiring for control cabin rewinding room ,Queue Shad • There is no any type of obstacle for equipment /control • There is any installation from 2.0 m • Do not use wooden structure for mounting of iron clade switch, DB, Control gear, • For stage near to Wall, Screen, Motor supply ,lighting, Audio System, and portable light a Socket installed at outlet • Building must not near to power line • A plug point is above from 1.5 m from floor, • Weather Proof cable used for open theatre yard
- 48. Feeder & Serviceline •For AC, lift and lighting Fan Circuit a separate feeder will installed •A services line as per IS 8061
- 49. Building Substation • Demandof power in building between 30kVA to 1000 kVA, Although this will depends upon size of building • For large building and auditorium rate of supply is above 1kV • Point should be careful about for substation which are given below: • 1. A sub-station is installed behind of building. • 2. Sub-Station will not near to fire fighting vehicle
- 50. System Protection • Asystem protection is Group D type protection : • A automatic fire sprinkling system is near to building stage • Automatic fire protections are installed in Auditorium, corridor, green room, canteen etc. • An automatic fire protection system is used where building stage is not there but for permeant seating. • Remaining place manually fire system is used
- 51. Building Services • Lighting: In table they given a glare index and illumination • Air-Conditioning • 1. Temp. should be at 22+2*c • 2. Temperature record system is installed in auditorium hall • 3. If air-conditioning plant is in fault then for air-circulation and ventilation an alternative arrangement should be there
- 52. Miscellaneous Provision •Emergency lightingshould be there, Although at exit side •Emergency lighting should be battery operated but if AC supply will failed then it should be start again by battery and after retrieve a supply then it will be charged •DG installed as per total power •For audio-visual system amplifier and sound distribution system should be there
- 53. Special Requirements orHotels
- 54. Supply Characteristics •Exchange ofInformation : • Whenever use central air condition then Air Handling unit, fan cool unit, ducting , false ceiling , and child water line are needed. • When central fire fighting is used then preparing a system layout • For every room Telephone & TV Preparing a layout
- 56. Continue…• Branch Circuit: • In Hotel building lighting, Appliances, and Motor are considered as load • Interior lighting is pass under a false ceiling that’s why metal conduit should be used. None of wire should be passed under a Carpet • Whenever plug is used then then outlet socket is installed • Every outlet should be covered, for floor cleaning every staircase has enough no. of socket is installed • A multi channel radio receiving system should be there, For that Aerial wiring should be there • For Kitchen ,Toilet , Pantries and utility Heavy duty Socket is used for appliances • For banquet hall and conference hall flood lighting and another appliances are needful
- 57. Services line • ServicesLine should be as per IS 8061 •Building Sub-Station : • If load demand is excess then sperate sub-station installed near to load centre , A main distribution equipment installed near to sub-station. A.C , Kitchen, swimming pool, laundry , and main lighting supply is given by separate feeder. • To avoid a power interruption , Supply should be given by underground cable to building • For substation equipment and Main DB an enclosed panel should be there because nobody can access it . For it lighting and ventilating arrangement should be there.
- 58. System Protection •Commonly SystemProtection should be as per IS rule. •For 2 to 3 floor hotel floor area should be 200 m2 and automatic or manually fire operated system should be there
- 59. Building Services •Lighting Services: • Air Conditioning :
- 62. Continue… •In gust Roomat Entry lighting is installing, also Ordinary lighting is installed •In bathroom both side of mirror and above head level •In banquets hall installation based on different events likes dance, fashion show, concert etc. •At outdoor designing glare should be considered
- 63. Continue… • Air Conditioning: Installation as per IS rule. • Lift and Escalator : For Lift and Escalator below condition should be there 1. Occupant load : This load is calculated as per 12.5 m2/per person 2.Car Speed: Occupancy Floors Car Speed Low and Middle Class lodging - 0.5 Hotels 4-5 0.5-0.75 Arrangement of two alternative batteries for two Lift
- 64. Miscellaneous Provision • CallSystem :
- 65. Continue… •Call System: Thereare two types of call systems, 1.From room side to Receiver station 1 watt signal system. 2.Lamp Indication, A quantities depends on numbers of wings, •Telephone : For Internal and External Communication EPBAX & P&T line is installed •Clock System : Gust Room, Main lobby , Dining hall , Banquet Hall, Kitchen, Restaurant and Bar •Emergency
- 66. Other Special Application •TVinstallation in Gust room & Assembly area •Banquet Hall •Fire Fighting room •Swimming pool •Cold Storage •Heater •Broad-Band / Wi-Fi
- 67. Special Requirements forMulti-Store Building
- 68. Special Consideration • ElectricalPower Distribution • Stand-by supply • Telephone wiring • Fire Safety • Lighting Protection • Common Antenna • Clock System • Building Management System • EPBAX(Electrical Private Branch Automatic Exchange ) • Wi-Fi
- 69. Exchange Of Information •At starting of building planning co-ordination between architect and design engineer should be there for equipment distribution ,desired space & Vertical riser, • Also Co-ordination for light, fan, & switching control system for Electrical circuit. • Energy conservation point must be consider at time of design • Agreement between utility company & builder for Voltage supply and energy meter • For distribution board & Meter space a proper co-ordination should be maintain to architect • For Telephone service and distribution proper co-ordination should be maintain between builder and Telephone company • Consult to local fire brigade officer for fire safety lay out • For lighting protection & Roof conductor installation co-ordination should be there between builder and architect
- 71. Load assessment andEquipment Selection • Following pints should be considered for load assessment in multistore building 1. Lighting & power Load 2.For Laboratory, Hospital & another equipment load 3. A.C/Heating Services 4.Water supply 5.Fire Fighting pump 6.Electrical Lift 7. Outdoor and Security Lighting 8.Also Consider Future load
- 72. Continue… •Equipment rating shouldbe standard , Also spare capacity should be provided •Also depends on diversity factor, demand factor, operation , and function
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- 74. Continue…• In sub-stationtransformer has capacity to required more then 2000 litter oil then such a substation installation cannot on basement or land, because there are no any facilities for oil drainage. • If substation installation at below ground level at first basement then transformer room must have 4th standard fire rating . This room has entrance is 2h rating fire resistance Transformer can be easily assessment that kinds of facility should be provided . Switch Gear also separately installed and also has 4h standard fire resistance. • If transformer installed at basement then it is protected by high velocity water spray system. If transformer has oil capacity less then 5000 litter then tis protection no necessary. • If transformer installation on the basement and it is separately installed the carbon dioxide or BCF (Bromchlorenone Difluoro Methane), or BTM (Bromotrifluro Methen ) such type of protection is installed • Only Dry type transformer can be installed at any floor • For Commercial/ Residential Only Dry type transformer can be installed
- 76. Distribution System • Layoutof distribution system prepared by considering future load • For power distribution a cable and rising chosen by number of floor • If distribution is doing by using cable then make interconnection before cable feeding point . • Fire lift , Fire alarm, and fire pump installed at different feeder • For residencia flat submain wiring will not depends to each-other • With rising main proper size of two earthing road should be used.
- 77. Location of DistributionEquipment
- 78. Location of DistributionEquipment • All Sub-Station Equipment Movement Should be Easily • Ventilation • Don’t store a water at time of heavy rain • For utility Cable duct and For large transformer “oil soak pit” should be arranged • If “Humming” noise is more then noise absorption panel should be • If separate place is not there then substation should be installed at ground floor • If numbers of buildings are more then sub-station should be far from building but near to load centre. • If numbers of floor will more then intermittent floor used for sub-station , On this case for fire safety non-inflammable system will used
- 79. For vertical distributionboard •Near to load centre •For final circuit and point wiring such as length of wiring will be minimum •Toilet, water cooler, A.C . Room ,water line will not near •Maintenance work should easily at any floor
- 80. Wiring Installation • Forwiring cable use Aluminium cable but for fire alarm, control circuit, telephone use copper wire • If length of conductor required more then decide a size of conductor to reduce a voltage drop • Type of control switch is decide based on load capacity like A.C, water-cooler etc • For main distribution board switch gear should be metal-enclosed , don’t use wooden structure • For electrical distribution cable “duct “ should be there, This duct ceiling in floor with non-combustion material • In electrical duct no water line, telephone line gas service line are passed • From main panel a water line connection, lift, stair case, corridor line are passed separately • Door of Inspection panel is air tight and its fire resistance is more then 1h
- 81. Continue.. • If utilitycompany is agreed to installed a meter at upper floor then utility cable and consumer cable should be separated but duct should be common, also not near to stair and space for ventilation • Stair case and corridors wiring should be separated use MCB for control • If height of building is more then 24 meter then corridor lighting an stair case lighting arrangement should be connect with alternative supply • For stair case and corridor lighting use double thorn switch, In that switch one side services supply and another side alternative supply • Emergency lighting provided in stair / corridor
- 82. Provision for standby Generator Set • A continues supply is given to following load 1. Common area lighting like lift corridor, stair case , hall toilet etc 2. Fire lift 3. Fire fighting pump, smoke extraction , dumping system 4. Security Lighting 5. Obstruction light 6. Water supply pump 7. Another Critical load
- 83. Telephone Wiring System •Onbase of demand on EPABX and telephone line doing co-ordination between telephone department, for that amount of conduit should be installed . •In battery room lighting , ventilation, and floor design should be as per IS standard •A required space should be there for distribution compartment. •For intercom wiring, it should be started their layout
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- 85. Continue…• A constructionof lift , riser, cable, lobby, sub-station are based on fir safety. • If height of Highrise building is 15 to 24 then no-need to fire alarm installation. • In manually operated fire system a call box are installed in every floor, A height of one call box to another is not more then 22.5m
- 86. Continue… • Call boxshould be “Breakable Glass” type, also there is no any mechanism in call box • Every call box wiring with control panel, On this control panel an indication of every floor should be there, A supply to the call box is given by 48Ah battery, Also battery is charged by supply called “trickle Charging “ • A sound/alarm system with a call box consequences a sound will be activated, • A height of call box is 1.0m from floor, it will not at entry or exit side • In hostel call box is installed at quarters
- 87. Lighting Protection • Inmulti-stored building a lighting protection is as per IS2309
- 89. Estimation of MaterialRequirement for the Electrification of building Complexes •Estimation is a method, using that method we can get an information about materials requirements for building and commercial complex •By estimation we can get information about a project completing •Through estimation we can know either project start or not, and also know about costing, profit /loss •If we start a project work without estimation then a problem of material costing labour costing problem will be arise
- 90. Function of Estimator •A plan prepared by electrical architecture a following information we can get 1. In plan switch board, main board, junction boxes are indicated , From that plan light fan and power circuit diagram is prepared 2.From blue-print of wiring a list materials are prepared 3. Costing of materials are determine 4.Also estimate another cost
- 91. Estimate for MaterialRequirement • Costing of material is depends on type & specification • Choice of material based on ISI, cost and quality • A very huge difference in cost of material in market as well as S.O.R • If estimator know about an information of S.O.R then it will easy to estimate a project cost • To purchase a material a “Tendring” process is very easy , • A material supply from vendor a cost of material is also include of material deliver charge , payment condition, transportations charge, sales tax , excise tax etc. • Some vendors are given 10% discount before time of payment, also cost of material will be change in cash purchase • A price list of material will change depends upon market condition
- 92. Estimation of Projectcost by S.O.R method • In this method electrical project is divided into different section and costing will decided separately , A following electrical work and its costing will considering 1. Wiring 2.Conduit , Metal Box ,switch board , socket outlet etc supply & installation 3. Single pole, neutral/tri pole – neutral MCB etc supply & installation 4.DB supply and installation 5.Earthing
- 93. Continue.. • Piano/Module switch,laminated seat, MS box supply • Using 1.5mm2 FRLS PVC insulated 1-core , a wiring of Light/fan, point/exhaust fan, call bell point • An earthing is provided by 1.5 mm2 FRLS PVC insulated copper conductor • Power point wiring • For telephone line and T.V a separated cable supply and installed • Installed a FRLS PVC on place of installed surface /PVC conduit • LAN cable supply and surface/conseald wiring installation
- 94. Steps for MaterialCosting • Preparing a blue print of building plan for room/place, In this blue print every electrical points, switch board and another load points are indicated with symbol • Preparing a wiring diagram separately from switch board to every points. • Chosen a switch, switch board and different material as per load. • Main circuit, sub-main circuit, Main switch, cable are chosen as per rating, Although MCB,ELCB,DB are also chosen as per rating • A length of conduit decide pipe based on plan, circuit, sub-circuit • 14SWG copper, or 4mm2 Al used for earthing conductor • From wiring diagram and electrification plan, a different accessories like switch, lamp holder, celling rose 3-pin socket and switch board are calculated. • This all materials schedule are prepared or make a list.
- 95. Comparison between Electrificationof Residential, building & multi Storeyed Building
- 96. Continue… Residential Multistore Building 1.For residential installation 230V,50Hz supply by Dist Transformer 1. For Buildig 3phase,440/415 50Hz, supply by Dist.Transformer 2. Electrical Installation commonly until 40 point 2. For Electrical installation layout, wiring diagram, case power distribution diagram is needed 3. Casing capping, PVC or wooden type batten wiring, conduit wiring are used for residential wiring. 3. Surface conduit or concealed conduit wiring are used 4. Load calculation are based on plan 4. Load calculation are based on plan and layout 5. Wiring installation are as per IE rules or as per wireman 5. Wiring installation based on wireman guides and IE rules 6. After completing wiring work, it’s testing based on IE rules, and test report 6. After completing wiring work, it’s testing based on IE rules, and test report 7. Earth resistance is max 8.0 ohm 7. Earth resistance is between 0.5 to 8.0 8. No need to substation 8. Rating of sub-station more then 100kVA 9. No need intercom, DG set, lighting arrester 9. DG set, intercom etc are needful
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