electrical installation and wiring for house wirings

1. May, 2025
Practical Training for the Military Professionals
Title :-Basic Components of Electrical Installations and
Electric wiring
Prepared by:- ABDURO G.
May,2025

3. TRAINING OUT LINE
 Introduction to Electrical Installations
 Conductors and Cables
 Basic components Electrical Circuits
 Electrical Symbols and Wiring Diagrams
 Wiring Systems
 Wiring Accessories
 Distribution Boards and Switchboards
 Electrical Safety
 Electrical Protection Devices
 Lighting and Fixtures
 Earthings System
 Electrical Installation and Testing

4. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
 is the process of installing and maintaining electrical
systems and equipment. I
 t may include tasks such as installing wiring, repairing or
replacing damaged equipment, and inspecting
electrical systems for safety.

6. Resistance
 The higher the resistance, the lower the current flow. If
abnormally high, one possible cause (among many) could
be damaged conductors due to burning or corrosion. All
conductors give off some degree of heat, so overheating is
an issue often associated with resistance.
 The lower the resistance, the higher the current flow.
Possible causes: insulators damaged by moisture or
overheating.

7. Volt
Electrical Pressure that
causes the electron to
move through a
conductor
Electromotive Force
(EMF)
Presented by letter V or E

8. Ampere
 Base unit of electric current in
the International System of
Units (SI). It is named after André-
Marie Ampère (1775–1836),
 An ampere is the unit used to
measure electric current. Current
is a count of the number of
electrons flowing through a circuit.
 How fast an electric current flows
is an example of an ampere.

9. Watt
The basic unit of
electric, Unit of power
(W)
The watt is a measure of
how much power is
released
Power consumed

10. Classification of Electric Current
Direct Current ( DC )
Alternating Current ( AC )

11. Wires and Cables

12. Conductors & Insulators

13. Conductors & Insulators

14. Wire
Stranded
Wire
(mm2)
Solid Wire
(mm)

15. Solid Wire
 A single conductor
that is either bare
or insulated by a
protective colored
sheath. It offers
low resistance and
are perfect for use
in higher
frequencies

16. Stranded Wire
 Stranded wires are used where flexibility is important
because which the wire can be used for a longer period.
This type of wire have larger cross-sectional area than solid
wires for the same current carrying capacity.

17. Stranded Wire

18. Stranded Wire
 Size of Wires - Each
application requires
a certain wire size
for installation, and
the right size for a
specific application
is determined by
the wire gauge

19. Stranded Wire
 Wire Lettering – The letters THHN, THWN, THW and XHHN
represent the main insulation types of individual wires. These
letters depict the following NEC requirements:.
 T – Thermoplastic insulation
 H – Heat resistance
 HH – High heat resistance (up to 194°F)
 W – Suitable for wet locations
 N – Nylon coating, resistant to damage by oil or gas
 X – Synthetic polymer that is flame-resistant

20. Main Feeder Wires
Main Feeder Wires : Main power feeder
wires are the wires that connect the
service weather head to the house.
They’re made with stranded or solid THHN
wire and the cable installed is 25% more
than the load required.

21. Main Feeder Wires

22. Panel Feed Wires
Panel Feed Wires : Panel feed cables are
generally black insulated wire. These are used
to power the main junction box and the circuit
breaker panels. Just like main power feeder
wires, the cables should be rated for 25% more
than the actual load.

23. Panel Feed Wires

24. Single Strand Wires

25. Service Drop Wire (DUPLEX)

26. Wires
 Color Codes – Different color wires serve different purposes, like
 Black : Hot wire, for switches or outlets.
 Red : Hot wire, for switch legs. Also for connecting wire between 2
hardwired smoke detectors.
 Blue and Yellow : Hot wires, pulled in conduit. Blue for 3-4 way switch
application, and yellow for switch legs to control fan, lights etc.
 White : Always neutral.
 Green and Bare Copper : Only for grounding.
 Philippine Electrical Code : ‘ HOT wire is always the Dark (Color) one.

27. Cable
Wire is a single
electrical
conductor,
whereas a
cable is a group
of wires swathed
in sheathing.

28. Multi-conductor cable

29. Fiber optics cable

30. Electrical Symbols and Wiring
Diagrams

32. Accessories of Electrical Installation
 All the wiring systems and electrical installations needs the
following accessories:
1. Cables 2. Flexible wires
3. Switches 4. Fuses
5. Ceiling rose 6. Lamp holders
7. Plugs 8. Socket outlets
9. Junction boxes

33. Wiring Diagrams
 A wiring diagram is a simple visual representation of the physical
connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit.
 It shows how the electrical wires are interconnected and can also
show where fixtures and components may be connected to the
system.

34. Wiring Diagrams

35. Splices & Joints

36. Splices & Joints
The connections must be well made and the wires
tightly joined to prevent a loss of voltage to the
device powered. In high current situations a poor
connection causes heat at the connection and
oxidiation of the wires and no more or intermittent
connections.
Most problems in electrical is not a short but: an
open connection.

37. Kinds of Splices
Western Union Splice
Tap joint
Fixture splices, or fixture joints
Rat-tail splice, Twist splice, Pig-tail splice
Britannia Splice
A Through Fixture joint
Wrapped Tap

38. Western Union Splice
 This is the most widely used
splice or joint in interior
wiring installation to
extend the length of wire
from one point to another.
 Used extensively for
outside wiring to extend
the length of wire from one
end to another.

39. Tap splice or Tap joint
This is used
where the
tap wire is
under
considerable
tensile stress
circuit

40. Fixture splices, or fixture joints

41. Rat-tail splice/Twist splice/Pig-tail splice
 commonly used to join two
or more • conductors inside
the junction box. It is •
suitable for service where
there is no • mechanical
stress when wires are to be
• connected in an outlet
box, switch, or • conduit
fitting

42. Wrapped Tap/ Tee Joint

43. Through Fixture Joint

44. Circuit
Path in which electrons from
a voltage or current source
flow

45. Types Of Electrical Circuit
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit

46. Series Circuit

47. Parallel Circuit

48. Series-Parallel Circuit

49. Difference between Parallel
and Series Circuit

50. Raceway

51. Types of Raceway
Metal Raceway
Non-Metal Raceway

52. Metal Raceways
Cable Trays
Conduit

53. Non-Metal Raceway
Cable Trays
Conduit

54. Non-Metal Raceway

55. Classification of Conduit Pipes
 Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
 Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)
 Rigid Steel Conduit (RSC)
 Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC)
 Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC)
 Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC)
 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
 Galvanized Rigid Conduit (GRC)
 PVC conduit

56. Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC)

57. Purpose of Electrical Conduit
To provide
means for
the runners
or wires from
one point to
another

58. Purpose of Electrical Conduit
To
physicall
y protect
the wires

59. Purpose of Electrical Conduit
To protect
surrounding
against the
effect of
fault in the
wiring

60. Purpose of Electrical Conduit
To protect the
wiring system
from damage
by the
building and
the building
occupants

61. Outlets

62. Outlets
 A socket that connects an electrical
device to an electricity supply. In

63. Kinds of Outlets
 Ligthing Outlet (L.O)
 Convenience Outlet (C.O)
 Special Purpose Outlet (S.P.O)
 Floor Outlet (F.O)

64. Lighting Outlet
An outlet
intended
for the
connection
of a fixture
or lamp
holder

65. Special Purpose Outlet

66. Floor Outlet

67. Switches
A switch is an electrical device,
usually electromechanical, used
to control continuity between
two points.

68. Types of Switches