The cables are further divided into power systems, information transmission techniques, tools, and machinery. The power system consists of power cables, overhead bare wires, rubber cables, busbars, extension cables, and wire and cable.
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...Bint Shameem
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
The cables are further divided into power systems, information transmission techniques, tools, and machinery. The power system consists of power cables, overhead bare wires, rubber cables, busbars, extension cables, and wire and cable.
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...Bint Shameem
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
BSNL Internship presentation for Electrical and ElectronicsGhufran Ahmed
Inplant Internship or Training in BSNL basically for Electrical and Electronics branch. It includes four major parts. Media Room, Power Plant, Telephone Exchange and Broad Band.
EEE- BEE601 - TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION- Dr. V. Jayalakshmi.pdfKarthikkumar Shanmugam
Foundation of Electrical Engineering: Ability to understand the principles and working of electrical components, circuits, systems and control that are forming a part of power generation, transmission, distribution, utilization, conservation and energy saving. Students can assess the power management, auditing, crisis and energy saving aspects.
This power point presentation gives you information about the general terms related to electricity, different types of wire, different type of currents and different system of wiring.
The presentation was prepared by
Dhawani Lavish J. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Lalwani Piyush P.(civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Modi Parth P. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic).
Thank You!!!
Each power cable has a common designation. Parts of Electric Cable Wires used in electrical circuits are of multiple types but, all consist of the following main parts.
Fire prevention and control systems – Fire alarms – Electrical alarm circuits – Smoke extraction and ventilation – Gas extinguishers – Types of detectors – Gas installation and components.
Heat emitters – Expansion facilities of heating system – Energy management system – Factors affecting fuels – Oil sand properties of natural gas – Air conditioning, principles and applications – Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
BSNL Internship presentation for Electrical and ElectronicsGhufran Ahmed
Inplant Internship or Training in BSNL basically for Electrical and Electronics branch. It includes four major parts. Media Room, Power Plant, Telephone Exchange and Broad Band.
EEE- BEE601 - TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION- Dr. V. Jayalakshmi.pdfKarthikkumar Shanmugam
Foundation of Electrical Engineering: Ability to understand the principles and working of electrical components, circuits, systems and control that are forming a part of power generation, transmission, distribution, utilization, conservation and energy saving. Students can assess the power management, auditing, crisis and energy saving aspects.
This power point presentation gives you information about the general terms related to electricity, different types of wire, different type of currents and different system of wiring.
The presentation was prepared by
Dhawani Lavish J. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Lalwani Piyush P.(civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Modi Parth P. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic).
Thank You!!!
Each power cable has a common designation. Parts of Electric Cable Wires used in electrical circuits are of multiple types but, all consist of the following main parts.
Fire prevention and control systems – Fire alarms – Electrical alarm circuits – Smoke extraction and ventilation – Gas extinguishers – Types of detectors – Gas installation and components.
Heat emitters – Expansion facilities of heating system – Energy management system – Factors affecting fuels – Oil sand properties of natural gas – Air conditioning, principles and applications – Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Introduction of lifts and Escalators – Special features required for lifting arrangement and installation – Travelators – Controls – Machine room and equipment
Mechanisms of plastic deformation, dislocation, slip and twinning – Types of fracture – Testing of materials under tension, compression and shear loads – Hardness tests: Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell – Impact test: Izod and Charpy, fatigue and creep test.
Polymers – types of polymer, commodity and engineering polymers – Properties and applications of various thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers (PP, PS, PVC, PMMA, PET,PC, PA, ABS, PI, PAI, PPO, PPS, PEEK, PTFE, Polymers – Urea and Phenol formaldehydes)- Engineering Ceramics – Properties and applications of Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, PSZ and SIALON –Composites-
Classifications- Metal Matrix and FRP - Applications of Composites.
Constitution of alloys – Solid solutions, substitutional and interstitial – phase diagrams, Isomorphous, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic, and peritectoid reactions, Iron – carbon equilibrium diagram. Classification of steel and cast Iron microstructure, properties and application.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. UNIT 2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN
BUILDINGS
• Basics of electricity distribution - Earthing systems
and bonding - Electric wiring - Industrial
Installations -Lighting controls - Light sources,
Lamps, Lighting design - Telecommunication
installations.
3. Basics of electricity distribution:
• The basic electrical installations are,
• lighting - providing illumination both inside and
outside buildings
• exhaust fans - providing ventilation both inside
and outside buildings
• use of portable and non-portable electrical
machines or appliances and their wiring
network, including sub-main wiring, cable, O.H.
lines etc, including control panel and switches.
5. Transmission and distribution
•After electricity has been generated, a system of
electrical wires carries the electricity from the
source of generation to our homes and businesses.
•Transmission lines
, transformers,
substations and
other equipment
have voltages of
100 kV (100,000
volts) and above.
6. Types of Electric Power Distribution Systems
1) According to the nature of the supply
• AC Distribution system
• DC Distribution system
2) According to a type of connection
• Radial system
• Ring system
• Interconnected system
3) According to a type of construction
• Overhead system
• Underground system
7. Classification According to Nature of
Supply
Primary distribution system
Secondary distribution system
AC Distribution system
AC voltage can be easily step up and step down with
the help of a transformer.
8. primary distribution system
It is used to convert 11
kV to 415 V. And this
power is directly
distributed to the small
consumers.
9. Secondary distribution system
generated AC power is
converted into DC power with
the help of a rectifier or rotary
converter. The applications
where we need DC power are;
traction purpose, DC motors,
Battery charging, and
electroplating.
10. DC Distribution System
•The load is connected in parallel between two lines. Generally,
the load connected in this system is lamp-load or motors. The
load has only two terminals can be connected in this type of
system.
11. DC Distribution System
• Three-wire DC distribution system
Hence, the load requires a higher
voltage that is connected
between healthy wires, and the
load requires a lower voltage
that is connected between one
healthy wire and a neutral wire.
16. Power Distribution System
• It receives High volt power from a transmission network
then stepped down it by a step-down transformer to the
primary distribution level voltage. Primary distribution
voltage is usually 11 kV, but can range between 2.4 kV to 33
kV depending upon region or consumer.
19. Earthing
• earthing is to limit the duration of touch
voltages if you were to make contact
with an exposed conductive part. The
earth creates a safe route for the current
to flow instead of causing electric shock.
20. Bonding
•The purpose of bonding is to reduce the risk of electric
shock if you find yourself touching separate metallic parts
when there is a fault somewhere within the electrical
installation. Protective bonding conductors reduce the
magnitude of touch voltage in this scenario.
24. Electric wiring
• Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of
cabling and associated devices such as
switches, distribution boards, sockets, and
light fittings in a structure.
25. Non-Metallic (NM) Sheathed Cable:
• Most interior wiring is done with non-metallic,
or NM, cable—also known by the popular
brand name Romex.
• NM cable is made of three or more wires
wrapped inside a flexible plastic jacket, or
sheathing. It is used for most interior circuits,
such as those for outlets, switches, light
fixtures, and appliances.
26. Direct-Burial Cable
• Standard electrical cable is designed to be
run indoors, where it stays dry and is
protected by wall, ceiling, or floor
structures.
wires are embedded in solid vinyl to fully protect them
from moisture.
27. Different Types of Electrical Wire
• NM Cable
• UF Cable
• THHN
• THWN
• Low-Voltage Wire
• Phone and Data Wire
• Coaxial Cable
28. NM cable (Non metallic cable)
• White sheathing - NM cable with 14-gauge conductors.
• Yellow sheathing - NM cable with 12-gauge conductors.
• Orange sheathing - NM cable with 10-gauge conductors.
• Black-sheathed - for both 6- and 8-gauge wire.
29. UF Cable
It is commonly used for supplying outdoor
fixtures, such as lampposts.
Like standard NM cable, UF contains insulated
hot and neutral wires, plus a bare copper
ground wire.
30. THHN and THWN wires
• They have colored sheathings used to
identify their function in a circuit:
• Hot wires: Black, red, orange
• Neutral wires: White, brown
• Ground wires: Green, yellow-green
31. Low-Voltage Wire
• Low-voltage wiring is used for circuits typically
requiring 50 volts or less.
• Several common types are landscape lighting
wire, sprinkler system connections, bell wire
(for doorbells), speaker system wires, and
thermostat wires.
32. Phone and Data wire
• Telephone and data wiring are low-voltage wires
used for “landline” telephones and internet
hookups, typically made from copper.
• Telephone cables may contain four or eight wires.
• It can be used for both phone and data
transmission and offers greater capacity and
quality than standard phone wire.
33. Coaxial cable
• Coaxial cable used in connecting televisions to
antenna or cable service delivery and is still
often used to connect satellite dishes or to
bring subscription television service to an in-
home distribution point.
• It typically has black or white insulation and is
perfectly round in shape
34. Industrial installations
• Its a network of wires connecting various
accessories for distribution of electrical energy
from the supplier meter board to the
numerous electrical energy consuming devices
such as lamps, fans and other domestic
appliances through controlling and safety
devices is known as a wiring system.
Electrical Wiring & Installation
39. Loop System
This system is universally used for connections of
various lamps or other appliances in parallel.
The phase or line
conductors are looped
either in switch board or
box and neutrals are
looped either in switch
board or from light or fan.
Line or phase should
never be looped from
light or fan.
40. Different Types of Electrical Wiring
Systems
The types of internal wiring usually used are
• Cleat wiring
• Wooden casing and capping wiring
• CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring
• Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring
• Conduit wiring
41. Cleat Wiring
• This system of wiring comprises of ordinary VIR
or PVC insulated wires (occasionally, sheathed
and weather proof cable)
• Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring
system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises.
• The use of cleat wiring system is over
nowadays.
42. Wooden casing and capping wiring
• The cable used in this type of wiring is
either VIR or PVC or any other approved
insulated cables.
43. Battern (CTS or TRS or PVC sheath) wiring
• In this type of wiring the cables used may be single core,
twin core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval
shape. Usually single core cables are preferred.
• TRS cables are sufficiently chemical proof, water proof,
steam proof but are slightly affected by lubricating oils.
44. Lead Sheathed Wiring
• The type of wiring employs conductors that are
insulated with VIR and covered with an outer sheath of
lead aluminum alloy containing about 95% of lead.
• The metal sheath given protection to cables from
mechanical damage, moisture and atmospheric
corrosion.
• This types used for Low voltage Applications
45. Conduit Wiring
In this system of wiring steel tubes, known as conduits,
are installed on the surface of walls by means of saddles
or pipe hooks or buried under plaster and VIR or PVC
cables are drawn into afterwards by means of a GI wire
of size of about 18 SWG.
46. Lighting controls
• Lighting controls are a range of smart
lighting devices that can regulate the
levels, quality and characteristics of light in
a defined space.
• These smart devices aid in reducing
electricity wastage while simultaneously
encouraging energy efficiency.
47. They switch on the lights automatically as they detect
motion and turn them off when the area is not occupied
for a certain amount of time.
For instance, Savvy is a range of smart PIR
occupancy sensors by Wipro Lighting that uses advanced
passive infrared technology for detecting patterns and
ranges.
1. Occupancy Sensors
Lighting controls
48. A dimmer allows the users to control and alter the
“intensity of illumination” as per their preferences. It
encourages convenience as users can lighten or darken the
room with simple controls
2. Dimmers
Lighting controls
49. Integrated lighting controls permit the users to alter the
lighting scenes in a defined space. They allow the users to
modify and set a lighting scene that comprehends their
mood. Various LED lighting manufacturers offer IoT-enabled
control systems that allow users to control lighting with
mobile phones and other internet-enabled devices.
3. Integrated Lighting Controls
Lighting controls
50. Light sources, Lamps, Lighting Design
• Lighting Design: Location of Light Sources:
Light plays an important role in the perception of the
environment around us, without light there is no vision and
vision gives us a part of our sensory experiences. Despite the
charm, daylighting persists in some defects such as glare, heat
penetration, discoloration of furniture and fabric dyes, etc.
hence the need for artificial lighting. A basic understanding of
the colour, intensity, and texture of light supports the ideas
which will undermine a project’s design goals. Refining
layouts, materials, and scale can’t make a huge difference that
light can quickly and powerfully alter the appearance and
emotional effect with a few simple strokes. For every space
design decision, there needs to be a complementary lighting
decision.
58. Telecommunication installation
• Telecommunications are the means of electronic
transmission of information over distances. The
information may be in the form of voice
telephone calls, data, text, images, or video.
• Today, telecommunications are used to organize
more or less remote computer systems into
telecommunications networks. These networks
themselves are run by computers.
• A telecommunications network is an arrangement
of computing and telecommunications resources
for communication of information between
distant locations.