This document provides definitions and information about various electrical concepts and components. It defines electrical services and discusses their uses in residential, industrial, and commercial buildings. It also defines key electrical terms like current, potential difference, conductors, insulators, and discusses direct and alternating current. The document then covers domestic electric supply systems, wiring components like fuses and circuit breakers, and different types of earthing systems. It concludes by describing various wiring methods and types of wires.

1. ELECTRICAL
SERVICES

2. ELECTRICAL SERVICES DEFINATION
Electrical services is an mode which provides us the electricity
that is required by us to run electrical appliances, in industries to
provide electricity to run the machineries , in commercial places to run
the mechanical services.
Use of electricity:
Residential Building: Lights , Fans, Heaters, Television, Refrigerators
etc.
Industrial Buildings: Machineries, Welding, Electroplating etc.
Commercial Buildings: Lifts, Escalators, Alarm Systems, Advertising
Displays etc.

3. Energy
Transmission
and
Distribution

4. TERMS RELATED TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
• Electric current:The electric current means the flow of electrons from
one end of a conductor to another end. Its symbol is ‘I’. And its unit is
ampere.
Current (I) = Q/t = Ampere
• Ampere:When charge of 1 coulomb passes through a point in 1
seconds, it is said that a current of 1 Ampere is flowing.
Ampere= Coulomb/Second

5. • Potential Difference:Work/energy Required to be done to move unit
charge from one point to another in the circuit is called voltage or
potential difference
Voltage or Potential Difference=W/Q =Work/Charge
• Conductors: Material which allow the current to flow easily through
them are called Conductors.
• Insulator: Material which greatly oppose the current flow i.e do not
allow the current to pass through it are called Insulators.

6. DIRECT CURRENT
• In DC , the direction of current
does not change, but the
magnitude of the current may
increase or decrease.
• The voltage cannot be changed
easily
• Direct current cannot be
transmitted at long distsnce.
ALTERNATING CURRENT
• In AC, the magnitude and direction
both changes with time
• The voltage can be changed easily
• Alternating Current can be
transmitted along long distance

7. Domestic electric Supply
• The power is supplied to the houses in two different phases
depending upon the need of electricity. First is single phase supply
having 240 volts current at 50hz and other is three phase supply
having a voltage 420/240 volts at 50hz.
• Single phase supply consists of two wires Live wire (red) and Neutral
Wire (black)
• Three phase supply consists of 4 wires three live wires and one
neutral wire.

8. Single phase supply Three phase supply

9. Terms related to wiring
• Fuse: Fuse is a thin piece of wire with low melting point connected at
its end in a fuse plug. The function of fuse wire is to protect the
electrical appliances from heavy current.
• Miniature Circuit Breaker: MCB is a device that is used to break the
circuit at the time of excess of current and protects the device from
the appliances from the damage.
• ELCB: Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker is an device is which breaks the
circuit when there is leakage of the current in the system.
• RCCB: Residual Current Circuit Breaker is a circuit breaker that breaks
the circuit when there is imbalance of current between the live and
the neutral wire this imbalance can be due to the current leakage.

10. Earthing
• Earthing is the process of connecting the appliances to the ground so
that any unforeseen current such as leakages is transmitted to the
earth.The purpose of the earthing is to protect the people from the
electric shock.
• Types of earthing:
• Wire earthing
• Rod earthing
• Pipe earthing
• Plate earthing

11. • Wire earthing: in wire earthing is usually adopted in the rocky terrain.
In this method copper wire of enough length is buried in a trench
• Rod Earthing: in this type of earthing a G.I. rod of 20mm diameter is
buried to a depth of 200 to 300 cm to this rod the earthing wire is
clamped.
• Pipe Earthing: In this method pipe of 38mm diameter and 2m long is
used as an earth electrode. A hole of about 30cm diameter and 3.5m
deep is dug into the ground using auger.The pipe is placed in the hole
the pipe covered with 80mm of charcoal and a layer of common salt
of 30mm to decrease the resistance offered by the earth mass.

12. Pipe Earthing

13. Plate earthing
• In this method a G.I. plate or a copper plate is used as an earth
electrode. If a G.I. plate is used then a size of 0.3 x 0.3 with 6.35mm
thickness should be adopted and if a copper plate is used plate of
0.3m x0.3m and 3.20mm thick should be adopted.
• The plate is buried to a depth of 2.0m into the ground and the plate is
completely covered with a 80mm thick layer of charcoal and 30mm
thick layer of commo.n salt

14. Plate earthing

15. Types of wiring
• vulcanized Indian rubber wire (V.I.R)
• tough rubber sheathed wire or CabTyre Sheathed(T.R.S)
• poly vinyl chloride wire (P.V.C.)
• Lead CoveredWire
• weather proof wires
• flexible wire
• MICC wire

19. P.V.C. (Poly Vinyl Chloride) wires.
• This is the most commonly used wire for wiring purpose.
• Conductor is insulated by poly vinyl chloride (insulating
material).
• P.V.S. has following properties:
• 1. Moisture proof.
• 2.Tough.
• 3.Durable.
• 4.Chemically inert.
• But it softens at high temperatures therefore not suitable for
connection to heating appliances.

20. Lead CoveredWires.
• In this type of wire insulated rubber is provided on the
conductor.A tube made of lead is kept over it. Due to lead it
has no effect of moisture. It can easily affected by the
mechanical stresses.
Weather proof wires.
• These types of wires are used outdoor i.e. providing a service
connection from overhead line to building etc.
• In this type of wire the conductor is not tinned and the
conductor is covered with three braids (layer) of fibrous yarn
and saturated with water proof compound.

21. Flexible wires.
• These wires consists of number of strands instead of a single
conductor. (Strand is a very thin conductor).
• The conductor is insulated with P.V.C. material.
• These wires are very useful for household portable appliances
where flexibility of wire is more important.

22. Mineral insulated Copper CoveredWire
• In this type of wire coating of magnesium oxide is provided as
insulation on the copper conductor.
• Over this a copper sheath is provided.
• This type of wire is used for wiring in mines, factories, refineries,
furnace boilers, rolling mills etc. it is less affected by temperature.

23. Systems of wiring
1.CleatWiring.
2.Wood casing- cappingWiring.
3.BattenWiring.
4.ConduitWiring.

24. • Cleat Wiring:-In this type of wiring, insulated conductors
(usuallyVIR,Vulcanized Indian Rubber) are supported on
porcelain or wooden cleats.The cleats have two halves one
base and the other cap.The cables are placed in the grooves
provided in the base and then the cap is placed. Both are fixed
securely on the walls by 40mm long screws.The cleats are
easy to erect and are fixed 0.3 to 0.6m apart.This wiring is
suitable for temporary installations where cost is the main
criteria but not the appearance.

25. • Wood casing and capping wiring:-It consists of insulated conductors
laid inside rectangular, teakwood or PVC boxes having grooves inside
it. A rectangular strip of wood called capping having same width as
that of casing is fixed over it. Both the casing and the capping are
screwed together at every 15 cms. Casing is attached to the wall. Two
or more wires of same polarity are drawn through different grooves.
The system is suitable for indoor and domestic installations.

26. • Batten wiring or CTS orTRS wiring:
In this wiring system, wires sheathed in tough rubber are used
which are quite flexible.They are clipped on wooden battens with brass
clips (link or joint) and fixed on to the walls or ceilings by flat head
screws.These cables are moisture and chemical proof.They are
suitable for damp climate but not suitable for outdoor use in sunlight.
TRS wiring is suitable for lighting in low voltage installations the cleats
are provided at a distance of 6 to 15cm.

27. • ConduitWiring
In this system PVC (polyvinyl chloride) orVIR cables are run
through metallic or PVC pipes providing good protection against
mechanical injury and fire due to short circuit.They are either
embedded inside the walls or supported over the walls, and are known
as concealed wiring or surface conduit wiring (open conduit)
respectively.The conduits are buried inside the walls on wooden
gutties and the wires are drawn through them with fish (steel) wires.
The system is best suited for public buildings, industries and
workshops.

28. References
• http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/09/types-of-wiring-systems-
electrical-wiring-methods.html
• http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/e-con/EEE/html/0025.htm
• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/dhruvitkardani-2234526-
types-wires-cable/
• http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/e-con/EEE/html/0032.htm
• http://www.slideshare.net/vigyanashram/wiring-part-3-wires-cables
• http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/05/earthing-and-electrical-
grounding-types-of-earthing.html
• https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_difference_between_MCB_MCC
B_RCCB_ELCB

29. PREPARED BY
DHAWANI LAVISH J. 136510306026
LALWANI PIYUSH P. 136510306039
MODI PARTH P. 136510306042

30. THANKYOU