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ELECTRICITY AND ITS MEASUREMENT By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES Electricity  runs our fridges, washing machines and in general, all electrical  appliances in the kitchen. Electricity will probably power all future cars' motors. By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila Electricity is the most widely used form of energy
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila To understand static electricity, we have to know the atom, how big it is and its structure There are 115 kinds of atoms and all of them are different from each other. All of them are  made up of  a "nucleus" situated in the middle of each atom. The nucleus contains two important kinds of tiny particles, called  protons and neutrons . Orbiting around the nucleus are smaller particles called  electrons
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila In  conductive  materials , such as metals,  the outermost electron  in the atom is basically free, so it is very easy  for it to leave the atom and move around in the space between the atoms. Conductors   are made up of atoms whose electrons  (conduction band)  are able to  escape from the atom's influence.
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila Insulator  materials, such as glass, have  four or more electrons in the last band  the outermost electron in the atom is tightly bonded to the nucleus  by an electrostatic force.  Almost none are free  to wander through the material, and this prevents  the flow of electricity
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT elements   and its magnitudes By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila GENERATOR RECEPTOR SWITCH CONDUCTOR ELEMENTS MAGNITUDES The Voltage  (V), also called potential difference between two points in a circuit, indicates the energy difference between two points. Its unit in the International System is the volt (V). The resistance  (R) of material, indicates the opposition to electric current that passes through it. It is measured in ohms (Ω). The current  intensity (I) expresses the amount of electric charge flowing through the circuit per second. It is measured in amperes (A)
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE ELECTRICAL AND HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila stream Electric current valve motor switch turbine Water pump Level difference voltage battery Water pump  Ξ  battery Level difference  Ξ  voltage stream  Ξ electric current turbine  Ξ  motor valve  Ξ  switch To understand how it works in an electrical circuit is very useful to compare with another hydraulic circuit.
OHM’S LAW By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila Ohm's Law describes the relations between the electrical current and voltage and resistance: I = V/R  ;  1A = 1V/1Ω R = V/I  ;  1Ω = 1V/1A V = R  ·  I  ;  1V = 1Ω  ·  1A V I R Ohm’s Law  triangle
OTHER ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila ELECTRICAL ENERGY The energy consumed by a receiver is calculated by multiplying the voltage, the intensity of the electric current that runs through it, and the time it is working. E = V · I · t  Its unit in the International System is the Joule (J). 1J = 1V · 1A · 1sec.    1 Joule = 1Volt · 1 Ampere · 1 second
OTHER ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila ELECTRIC POWER Expresses the energy consumed by a receiver  per second and is calculated: P = E/t  = V · I · t /t  =  V · I = R · I 2   Power is measured in  watts (W) 1W = 1V · 1A = 1Ω · 1A 2
By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila TYPES OF CURRENTS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) An electric current is called a  direct current (d.c.)  if electrons always flows in one direction. Electrons are always moving from the negative to the positive pole of the battery. DIRECT CURRENT (DC)
By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila direction of current in the positive half cycle direction of current in the negative half cycle TYPES OF CURRENTS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)  If an electric current in a circuit reverses direction every so often, it is called an  alternating current (a.c.) . Cycle or period (T)   is the time it takes to repeat the signal from the current or voltage The frequency (f)   of the alternating current, is the number of cycles per second. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz)
By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila END Now it's your turn

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electric magnitudes

  • 1. ELECTRICITY AND ITS MEASUREMENT By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila
  • 2. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES Electricity runs our fridges, washing machines and in general, all electrical appliances in the kitchen. Electricity will probably power all future cars' motors. By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila Electricity is the most widely used form of energy
  • 3. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila To understand static electricity, we have to know the atom, how big it is and its structure There are 115 kinds of atoms and all of them are different from each other. All of them are made up of a "nucleus" situated in the middle of each atom. The nucleus contains two important kinds of tiny particles, called protons and neutrons . Orbiting around the nucleus are smaller particles called electrons
  • 4. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila In conductive materials , such as metals, the outermost electron in the atom is basically free, so it is very easy for it to leave the atom and move around in the space between the atoms. Conductors are made up of atoms whose electrons (conduction band) are able to escape from the atom's influence.
  • 5. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila Insulator materials, such as glass, have four or more electrons in the last band the outermost electron in the atom is tightly bonded to the nucleus by an electrostatic force. Almost none are free to wander through the material, and this prevents the flow of electricity
  • 6. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS MAGNITUDES By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila
  • 7. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT elements and its magnitudes By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila GENERATOR RECEPTOR SWITCH CONDUCTOR ELEMENTS MAGNITUDES The Voltage (V), also called potential difference between two points in a circuit, indicates the energy difference between two points. Its unit in the International System is the volt (V). The resistance (R) of material, indicates the opposition to electric current that passes through it. It is measured in ohms (Ω). The current intensity (I) expresses the amount of electric charge flowing through the circuit per second. It is measured in amperes (A)
  • 8. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE ELECTRICAL AND HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila stream Electric current valve motor switch turbine Water pump Level difference voltage battery Water pump Ξ battery Level difference Ξ voltage stream Ξ electric current turbine Ξ motor valve Ξ switch To understand how it works in an electrical circuit is very useful to compare with another hydraulic circuit.
  • 9. OHM’S LAW By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila Ohm's Law describes the relations between the electrical current and voltage and resistance: I = V/R ; 1A = 1V/1Ω R = V/I ; 1Ω = 1V/1A V = R · I ; 1V = 1Ω · 1A V I R Ohm’s Law triangle
  • 10. OTHER ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila ELECTRICAL ENERGY The energy consumed by a receiver is calculated by multiplying the voltage, the intensity of the electric current that runs through it, and the time it is working. E = V · I · t Its unit in the International System is the Joule (J). 1J = 1V · 1A · 1sec.  1 Joule = 1Volt · 1 Ampere · 1 second
  • 11. OTHER ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila ELECTRIC POWER Expresses the energy consumed by a receiver per second and is calculated: P = E/t = V · I · t /t = V · I = R · I 2 Power is measured in watts (W) 1W = 1V · 1A = 1Ω · 1A 2
  • 12. By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila TYPES OF CURRENTS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) An electric current is called a direct current (d.c.) if electrons always flows in one direction. Electrons are always moving from the negative to the positive pole of the battery. DIRECT CURRENT (DC)
  • 13. By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila direction of current in the positive half cycle direction of current in the negative half cycle TYPES OF CURRENTS DIRECT CURRENT (DC) AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) If an electric current in a circuit reverses direction every so often, it is called an alternating current (a.c.) . Cycle or period (T) is the time it takes to repeat the signal from the current or voltage The frequency (f) of the alternating current, is the number of cycles per second. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz)
  • 14. By: José Manuel Jiménez Romero Technology Deparment IES Arabuleila END Now it's your turn