Analogy_electric_magnetic_circuits.pdf
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An electric circuit is defined as the path traced by electric current, which is measured in amperes. A magnetic circuit is defined as the path traced by magnetic flux, which is measured in webers. In an electric circuit, electromotive force (EMF) measured in volts is the driving force, while in a magnetic circuit magnetomotive force (MMF) measured in ampere-turns is the driving force. Resistance opposes the flow of current in an electric circuit and is measured in ohms, while reluctance opposes the flow of flux in a magnetic circuit and is measured in ampere-turns/weber. Kirchhoff's laws apply to both electric and magnetic circuits.
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This document provides an overview of electromagnetism and key concepts in physics such as magnetic fields, magnetic flux density, magnetic forces, electromagnetic induction, and Faraday's and Lenz's laws. It discusses how current-carrying wires and coils produce magnetic fields and how changing magnetic fields can induce electromotive force (EMF) in conductors. Examples of applications of electromagnetic induction include electric motors, generators, tape recorders, ATMs, and induction stoves. Multiple choice questions related to these topics are also provided.
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Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It can be defined as the amount of charge passing through a cross-sectional area per unit time. Common types of current include steady direct current, varying direct current, and alternating current. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied. Resistance is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. Kirchhoff's laws describe the conservation of electric charge and potential at nodes in a circuit.
Hall effect
The Hall effect occurs when a conductor carrying a current is placed in a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. This causes charge carriers to be deflected to the sides of the conductor, creating a measurable voltage known as the Hall voltage. The Hall effect is used to determine properties like carrier density and type in materials. When a current-carrying semiconductor is in a perpendicular magnetic field, the Hall voltage is directly proportional to the current and magnetic field. Measuring this Hall voltage allows determining the Hall coefficient, which provides information about the dominant charge carriers in the material.
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- 1. Electric Circuit Magnetic Circuit Path traced by the current is known as electric current. Path traced by the magnetic flux is called as magnetic circuit. EMF is the driving force in the electric circuit. The unit is Volts. MMF is the driving force in the magnetic circuit. The unit is ampere turns. There is a current I in the electric circuit which is measured in amperes. There is flux φ in the magnetic circuit which is measured in the weber. The flow of electrons decides the current in conductor. The number of magnetic lines of force decides the flux. 1 Basic Electrical Engineering (REE-101)
- 2. Resistance (R) oppose the flow of the current. The unit is Ohm Reluctance (S) is opposed by magnetic path to the flux. The Unit is ampere turn/weber. R = ρ. l/a. Directly proportional to l. Inversely proportional to a. Depends on nature of material. S = l/ (μ0μra). Directly proportional to l. Inversely proportional to μ = μ0μr. Inversely proportional to a The current I = EMF/ ResistanceThe Flux = MMF/ Reluctance The current density The flux density Kirchhoff current law and voltage law is applicable to the electric circuit. Kirchhoff mmf law and flux law is applicable to the magnetic flux. Basic Electrical Engineering (REE-101) 2