This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with sardine oil methyl ester and diesel. A single cylinder diesel engine was tested with various fuel blends at 1500 rpm. The results showed that using sardine oil methyl ester blends resulted in decreased brake thermal efficiency and increased emissions of CO and NOx compared to diesel, except for HC emissions which decreased. The best performance was with diesel alone, followed by lower blend ratios of sardine oil methyl ester, due to the lower calorific value and higher density, viscosity and oxygen content of the biodiesel, which affected combustion and emissions.
Experimental study of performance emission characteristics of ci engine fuelledIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with cotton seed oil methyl ester (CSOME) biodiesel. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated on diesel, CSOME, and their blends. The experiments revealed that optimized operating parameters for CSOME included a start of injection of 190° bTDC, injection opening pressure of 230 bar, compression ratio of 17.5, and a 4-hole nozzle with diameter of 0.3 mm. These optimized parameters resulted in thermal efficiency that was approximately 17.7% higher than the baseline parameters at full load. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decreased with CSOME
The document summarizes an experimental investigation into the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with preheated corn oil methyl ester (COME) biodiesel at different temperatures. COME was produced via transesterification of corn oil with methanol. The engine was tested using diesel and blends of preheated COME at 50°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Brake thermal efficiency increased and BSFC decreased with COME preheated to 70°C due to improved combustion from reduced viscosity. Exhaust emissions of CO and HC decreased but NOx increased with COME. Performance generally decreased as the COME percentage in blends rose. Preheating COME to 70°C allowed
Rice bran oil was converted to biodiesel through a two-stage transesterification process. The optimum conditions for producing biodiesel with the highest yield were found to be 55°C, 1 hour reaction time, a 9:1 molar ratio of rice bran oil to methanol, and 0.75% catalyst. Tests on a small diesel engine showed that rice bran biodiesel had properties similar to diesel and could run the engine smoothly, though brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower than with diesel.
Biodiesel development from cebia pentandra seed oilprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that produced biodiesel from Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) seed oil through transesterification with methanol and potassium hydroxide catalyst. The biodiesel was characterized according to ASTM standards and blended with petrodiesel. The blends were then tested in a single cylinder diesel engine to evaluate performance characteristics like brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption, as well as emission levels, compared to petrodiesel. Results showed brake thermal efficiency slightly decreased with higher biodiesel content blends compared to petrodiesel, while fuel consumption and emissions increased. Ceiba Pentandra biodiesel blends up to 30% were found to perform adequately in the diesel engine
IRJET- Effect of Copper Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes as Additives in Diesel Ble...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of adding copper oxide and carbon nanotubes as additives to a 20:80 blend of biodiesel and diesel in a variable compression ratio engine. The study found that some additive blends showed improvements in brake power output of up to 2% and brake thermal efficiency of up to 3.9% compared to pure diesel, along with reductions in harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and smoke. Specifically, a blend with 40ppm of carbon nanotubes and 20ppm of copper oxide performed the best, showing lower emissions and higher power and efficiency than other blends and pure diesel. The document concludes the additive blends,
IRJET- Experimental Investigations on CI Diesel Engine with Varied Combustion...IRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental investigation of a CI diesel engine using neem biodiesel and calcium carbonate nanofluid additive with varied combustion chamber designs. Neem biodiesel was produced from neem oil using transesterification and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Calcium carbonate nanofluid was produced and blended with neem biodiesel in two proportions. The engine was tested using diesel, neem biodiesel, and the blended fuels in two combustion chamber designs: hemispherical combustion chamber and shallow depth combustion chamber. Performance parameters like brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and brake specific fuel consumption were evaluated. Exhaust emissions of CO, HC, CO2, O2 and NOx were also recorded
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of performance parameters of a single cylinder internal combustion (IC) engine using mustard oil biodiesel. The researchers prepared biodiesel from mustard oil through a transesterification process and tested blends of 10-50% biodiesel with diesel. Test results showed that biodiesel blends had higher density and viscosity than diesel. Fuel consumption was also slightly higher for biodiesel blends due to their lower energy content. B10 and B20 blends performed most similar to diesel in terms of brake specific fuel consumption.
IRJET- Effect of Mahua Methyl Ester on Performance & Emission Characteristics...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of using mahua methyl ester (MME) as a fuel and applying a mullite thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine. The researchers coated engine components like the piston head, cylinder head, and valves with a 0.5mm thick mullite coating to reduce heat losses. Testing showed that using MME with the TBC improved brake specific fuel consumption by 9.89% compared to diesel with TBC and increased brake thermal efficiency by 1.92%. Exhaust gas temperature was also higher using MME with the TBC. Emissions of CO and HC were reduced while NOx increased when using M
Experimental study of performance emission characteristics of ci engine fuelledIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with cotton seed oil methyl ester (CSOME) biodiesel. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated on diesel, CSOME, and their blends. The experiments revealed that optimized operating parameters for CSOME included a start of injection of 190° bTDC, injection opening pressure of 230 bar, compression ratio of 17.5, and a 4-hole nozzle with diameter of 0.3 mm. These optimized parameters resulted in thermal efficiency that was approximately 17.7% higher than the baseline parameters at full load. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decreased with CSOME
The document summarizes an experimental investigation into the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with preheated corn oil methyl ester (COME) biodiesel at different temperatures. COME was produced via transesterification of corn oil with methanol. The engine was tested using diesel and blends of preheated COME at 50°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Brake thermal efficiency increased and BSFC decreased with COME preheated to 70°C due to improved combustion from reduced viscosity. Exhaust emissions of CO and HC decreased but NOx increased with COME. Performance generally decreased as the COME percentage in blends rose. Preheating COME to 70°C allowed
Rice bran oil was converted to biodiesel through a two-stage transesterification process. The optimum conditions for producing biodiesel with the highest yield were found to be 55°C, 1 hour reaction time, a 9:1 molar ratio of rice bran oil to methanol, and 0.75% catalyst. Tests on a small diesel engine showed that rice bran biodiesel had properties similar to diesel and could run the engine smoothly, though brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower than with diesel.
Biodiesel development from cebia pentandra seed oilprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that produced biodiesel from Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) seed oil through transesterification with methanol and potassium hydroxide catalyst. The biodiesel was characterized according to ASTM standards and blended with petrodiesel. The blends were then tested in a single cylinder diesel engine to evaluate performance characteristics like brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption, as well as emission levels, compared to petrodiesel. Results showed brake thermal efficiency slightly decreased with higher biodiesel content blends compared to petrodiesel, while fuel consumption and emissions increased. Ceiba Pentandra biodiesel blends up to 30% were found to perform adequately in the diesel engine
IRJET- Effect of Copper Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes as Additives in Diesel Ble...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of adding copper oxide and carbon nanotubes as additives to a 20:80 blend of biodiesel and diesel in a variable compression ratio engine. The study found that some additive blends showed improvements in brake power output of up to 2% and brake thermal efficiency of up to 3.9% compared to pure diesel, along with reductions in harmful emissions like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and smoke. Specifically, a blend with 40ppm of carbon nanotubes and 20ppm of copper oxide performed the best, showing lower emissions and higher power and efficiency than other blends and pure diesel. The document concludes the additive blends,
IRJET- Experimental Investigations on CI Diesel Engine with Varied Combustion...IRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental investigation of a CI diesel engine using neem biodiesel and calcium carbonate nanofluid additive with varied combustion chamber designs. Neem biodiesel was produced from neem oil using transesterification and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Calcium carbonate nanofluid was produced and blended with neem biodiesel in two proportions. The engine was tested using diesel, neem biodiesel, and the blended fuels in two combustion chamber designs: hemispherical combustion chamber and shallow depth combustion chamber. Performance parameters like brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and brake specific fuel consumption were evaluated. Exhaust emissions of CO, HC, CO2, O2 and NOx were also recorded
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of performance parameters of a single cylinder internal combustion (IC) engine using mustard oil biodiesel. The researchers prepared biodiesel from mustard oil through a transesterification process and tested blends of 10-50% biodiesel with diesel. Test results showed that biodiesel blends had higher density and viscosity than diesel. Fuel consumption was also slightly higher for biodiesel blends due to their lower energy content. B10 and B20 blends performed most similar to diesel in terms of brake specific fuel consumption.
IRJET- Effect of Mahua Methyl Ester on Performance & Emission Characteristics...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of using mahua methyl ester (MME) as a fuel and applying a mullite thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine. The researchers coated engine components like the piston head, cylinder head, and valves with a 0.5mm thick mullite coating to reduce heat losses. Testing showed that using MME with the TBC improved brake specific fuel consumption by 9.89% compared to diesel with TBC and increased brake thermal efficiency by 1.92%. Exhaust gas temperature was also higher using MME with the TBC. Emissions of CO and HC were reduced while NOx increased when using M
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engine Characteristics of Diesel Engine ...IRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental investigation of engine characteristics when operating a diesel engine using blends of neem biodiesel and methanol at different injection pressures. A single cylinder diesel engine was tested using blends containing 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% neem biodiesel, along with blends containing 20% and 40% neem biodiesel with 5% and 10% methanol. The engine was operated at various loads at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and injection pressures of 180 bars and 200 bars. Test results showed that blends containing 40% neem biodiesel with 5% and 10% methanol (B40M5 and B40M10) had the best performance in terms of brake
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with Co...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on cottonseed biodiesel blended with various additives at different ratios. Diethyl ether, isobutanol, and methanol were added to cottonseed biodiesel at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume. Testing was conducted across a range of engine loads. The results show that adding the additives improved the fuel properties and increased the brake thermal efficiency of the engine compared to neat biodiesel. Exhaust emissions such as smoke, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons were also reduced with the blended fuels compared to neat biodiesel. However, methanol additive increased nitrogen oxide emissions at higher blend
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
1) The document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of palm biodiesel and diesel.
2) The performance parameters of brake power, brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and mechanical efficiency were evaluated for various blends (P10, P20, P40, P60, P80) and compared to diesel (P0) and pure palm biodiesel (P100).
3) The results show that brake thermal efficiency slightly decreased with increasing palm biodiesel concentration in the blends, while specific fuel consumption increased. The P40 blend performed closest to diesel in terms of fuel consumption.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
Training manual on energy efficiency for SMEsD.Pawan Kumar
The document provides a training manual on energy efficiency opportunities for small and medium enterprises. It discusses various industrial energy systems including fuels and combustion, boilers, steam distribution, furnaces, electrical load management, motors, pumps, fans, compressed air, refrigeration, and green building concepts. The manual aims to help users identify and implement energy efficiency measures across key energy intensive systems commonly found in industrial facilities.
1. The document analyzes combustion and heat release characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with blends of soybean biodiesel and diesel. Soybean oil was converted to biodiesel via transesterification, producing soybean methyl ester (SOME) biodiesel.
2. Combustion tests were conducted with SOME blends (5%, 10%, 15%) using pistons with different geometries - torodial, shallow torodial, and deep torodial. The shallow torodial piston showed the best combustion characteristics, with up to 6% higher peak cylinder pressure compared to the other pistons.
3. In-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were measured. SOME blends
Thermal analysis of manganese ii bakelite compositesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the thermal analysis of manganese (II) Bakelite composites with variable concentrations of MnCl2.4H2O. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the composites. TGA and DSC results showed that increasing the salt concentration improved the thermal stability of the composites compared to pure Bakelite resin, with higher decomposition temperatures and char yields. The composites therefore have potential as high-temperature thermoablative materials.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
This document experimentally investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and neem kernel biodiesel. Neem kernel biodiesel was tested in blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% with diesel. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results show the brake thermal efficiency of the LHR engine decreased slightly with biodiesel compared to diesel. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased but oxide of nitrogen emissions increased with biodiesel due to higher peak combustion temperatures. Overall, the results of using neem kernel biodiesel in the LHR engine were found to be satisfactory.
Effect of SC5D Additive on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the performance of a diesel engine using biodiesel produced from waste frying oil. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification of used frying oil collected from local restaurants and hotels. The engine was tested using biodiesel blends of B20, B60 and neat biodiesel B100. Results showed brake thermal efficiency and power were slightly reduced for biodiesel compared to diesel, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. However, no operational issues were observed with the biodiesel blends.
This document discusses quality assurance testing of petroleum products. It describes the formation of crude oil deposits from microbial remains millions of years ago. Crude oil is refined into fuel, lubricants, and petrochemical products that are essential to the global economy. The document outlines various standards and methods for analyzing properties of petroleum products like acid/base numbers, sulfur/mercaptan content, bromine number, hydroxyl number, chlorine content, oxidation stability, and water content. Key analytical techniques mentioned are potentiometric titration using electrodes like Solvotrode and Ag Titrode, as well as Karl Fischer titration for water determination.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
High speed Trains | Mechanical Engineering | Paper Presentation | BPP Kalambakshaybgarad0308
This project presentation summarizes research on using high speed trains. It discusses the primary problem with existing railways which is tight curves that create high centrifugal forces at high speeds. High speed lines aim to address this by having broader curves. The presentation was submitted by Mr. Garad Akshay Balaji for his mechanical engineering course. It explores using vegetable oils and biodiesel from sources like Jatropha and Undi in engines. The advantages and disadvantages of vegetable oils and biodiesel are summarized. The presentation discusses transesterification to reduce viscosity for use in engines and shows the experimental setup. It outlines the objectives to analyze parameters like power, fuel consumption and emissions from blends of the oils.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
The use of biodiesel, the methyl esters of vegetable oils are becoming popular due to their
low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine. With this objective,
the present work has focused on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using
rice bran oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the blends of varying proportions of rice
bran biodiesel with diesel (RB20, RB40, RB60, RB80 & RB100) were prepared, analyzed, and compared
the performance and exhaust emission with diesel using 5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine.
The performance and emission characteristics of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant
rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the performance of RB20 blend of rice bran oil gives result, that
is near to the diesel and also found that the emission CO, CO2, HC, smoke & NOX of this blend is less
than the diesel.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Zirconia Coating on I.C Engine Us...Editor IJCATR
In this present world, the realization of the available of fossil fuels [diesel] is limited and hence it is necessary for the
efficient use of the fuel. The increasingly environmental regulations also make it necessary to improve the functioning of the diesel
engine in terms of their durability and efficiency. Thus, there is a high scope in engine technology to increase the engine ratings and
reduce fuel consumption.
For this purpose, the Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) has been extensively used in engine technology. The T.B.C technology
has been applied on some parts of Diesel engine (piston crown and cylinder head) Plasma Spray technique was used for spraying
process. The piston crown and Cylinder head of the diesel engine were coated for a thickness of 0.25mm. Callophyllum oil was
converted into biodiesel by two stage Transesterification process using NaOH as a catalyst.
Several tests have been carried out to examine properties, performance and emission characteristics for different blends such
as [B100, B20, B30, B40 and B100] in comparison with pure diesel for varying injection pressures like 160 bar, 180 bar and 200 bar
pressure. These tests were conducted on a single cylinder, 4 stroke, water cooled, direct injection computerized compression ignition
engine.
A REVIEW ON ‘’USE OF BIODIESEL IN I.C. ENGINE”Sagar Pachauri
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It defines biodiesel as a renewable, biodegradable fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats that can be used in diesel engines. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. It can be blended with petroleum diesel at various levels from B5 to B100. Biodiesel provides benefits like reduced emissions, domestic production, and it can help decrease dependence on foreign oil. Some disadvantages are it has lower energy content and can degrade rubber or gel in cold weather. The document examines the performance and emissions effects of biodiesel use in diesel engines.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Engine Characteristics of Diesel Engine ...IRJET Journal
This document reports on an experimental investigation of engine characteristics when operating a diesel engine using blends of neem biodiesel and methanol at different injection pressures. A single cylinder diesel engine was tested using blends containing 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% neem biodiesel, along with blends containing 20% and 40% neem biodiesel with 5% and 10% methanol. The engine was operated at various loads at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and injection pressures of 180 bars and 200 bars. Test results showed that blends containing 40% neem biodiesel with 5% and 10% methanol (B40M5 and B40M10) had the best performance in terms of brake
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with Co...IRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on cottonseed biodiesel blended with various additives at different ratios. Diethyl ether, isobutanol, and methanol were added to cottonseed biodiesel at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume. Testing was conducted across a range of engine loads. The results show that adding the additives improved the fuel properties and increased the brake thermal efficiency of the engine compared to neat biodiesel. Exhaust emissions such as smoke, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons were also reduced with the blended fuels compared to neat biodiesel. However, methanol additive increased nitrogen oxide emissions at higher blend
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
1) The document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of palm biodiesel and diesel.
2) The performance parameters of brake power, brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and mechanical efficiency were evaluated for various blends (P10, P20, P40, P60, P80) and compared to diesel (P0) and pure palm biodiesel (P100).
3) The results show that brake thermal efficiency slightly decreased with increasing palm biodiesel concentration in the blends, while specific fuel consumption increased. The P40 blend performed closest to diesel in terms of fuel consumption.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
Training manual on energy efficiency for SMEsD.Pawan Kumar
The document provides a training manual on energy efficiency opportunities for small and medium enterprises. It discusses various industrial energy systems including fuels and combustion, boilers, steam distribution, furnaces, electrical load management, motors, pumps, fans, compressed air, refrigeration, and green building concepts. The manual aims to help users identify and implement energy efficiency measures across key energy intensive systems commonly found in industrial facilities.
1. The document analyzes combustion and heat release characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with blends of soybean biodiesel and diesel. Soybean oil was converted to biodiesel via transesterification, producing soybean methyl ester (SOME) biodiesel.
2. Combustion tests were conducted with SOME blends (5%, 10%, 15%) using pistons with different geometries - torodial, shallow torodial, and deep torodial. The shallow torodial piston showed the best combustion characteristics, with up to 6% higher peak cylinder pressure compared to the other pistons.
3. In-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were measured. SOME blends
Thermal analysis of manganese ii bakelite compositesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the thermal analysis of manganese (II) Bakelite composites with variable concentrations of MnCl2.4H2O. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the composites. TGA and DSC results showed that increasing the salt concentration improved the thermal stability of the composites compared to pure Bakelite resin, with higher decomposition temperatures and char yields. The composites therefore have potential as high-temperature thermoablative materials.
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
This document experimentally investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and neem kernel biodiesel. Neem kernel biodiesel was tested in blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% with diesel. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results show the brake thermal efficiency of the LHR engine decreased slightly with biodiesel compared to diesel. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased but oxide of nitrogen emissions increased with biodiesel due to higher peak combustion temperatures. Overall, the results of using neem kernel biodiesel in the LHR engine were found to be satisfactory.
Effect of SC5D Additive on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the performance of a diesel engine using biodiesel produced from waste frying oil. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification of used frying oil collected from local restaurants and hotels. The engine was tested using biodiesel blends of B20, B60 and neat biodiesel B100. Results showed brake thermal efficiency and power were slightly reduced for biodiesel compared to diesel, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. However, no operational issues were observed with the biodiesel blends.
This document discusses quality assurance testing of petroleum products. It describes the formation of crude oil deposits from microbial remains millions of years ago. Crude oil is refined into fuel, lubricants, and petrochemical products that are essential to the global economy. The document outlines various standards and methods for analyzing properties of petroleum products like acid/base numbers, sulfur/mercaptan content, bromine number, hydroxyl number, chlorine content, oxidation stability, and water content. Key analytical techniques mentioned are potentiometric titration using electrodes like Solvotrode and Ag Titrode, as well as Karl Fischer titration for water determination.
This document outlines an experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with mahua oil methyl ester (biodiesel) and an additive. The objectives were to produce biodiesel from mahua oil via transesterification, characterize fuel properties, prepare test fuels as biodiesel blends, and test the blends in a diesel engine. Various engine performance and emission parameters were estimated using the blends and compared to diesel. The results showed that with increasing additive percentage in the biodiesel, engine performance improved with lower emissions. The conclusion was that mahua biodiesel with an additive can be a suitable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
High speed Trains | Mechanical Engineering | Paper Presentation | BPP Kalambakshaybgarad0308
This project presentation summarizes research on using high speed trains. It discusses the primary problem with existing railways which is tight curves that create high centrifugal forces at high speeds. High speed lines aim to address this by having broader curves. The presentation was submitted by Mr. Garad Akshay Balaji for his mechanical engineering course. It explores using vegetable oils and biodiesel from sources like Jatropha and Undi in engines. The advantages and disadvantages of vegetable oils and biodiesel are summarized. The presentation discusses transesterification to reduce viscosity for use in engines and shows the experimental setup. It outlines the objectives to analyze parameters like power, fuel consumption and emissions from blends of the oils.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
The use of biodiesel, the methyl esters of vegetable oils are becoming popular due to their
low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine. With this objective,
the present work has focused on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using
rice bran oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the blends of varying proportions of rice
bran biodiesel with diesel (RB20, RB40, RB60, RB80 & RB100) were prepared, analyzed, and compared
the performance and exhaust emission with diesel using 5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine.
The performance and emission characteristics of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant
rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the performance of RB20 blend of rice bran oil gives result, that
is near to the diesel and also found that the emission CO, CO2, HC, smoke & NOX of this blend is less
than the diesel.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Zirconia Coating on I.C Engine Us...Editor IJCATR
In this present world, the realization of the available of fossil fuels [diesel] is limited and hence it is necessary for the
efficient use of the fuel. The increasingly environmental regulations also make it necessary to improve the functioning of the diesel
engine in terms of their durability and efficiency. Thus, there is a high scope in engine technology to increase the engine ratings and
reduce fuel consumption.
For this purpose, the Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) has been extensively used in engine technology. The T.B.C technology
has been applied on some parts of Diesel engine (piston crown and cylinder head) Plasma Spray technique was used for spraying
process. The piston crown and Cylinder head of the diesel engine were coated for a thickness of 0.25mm. Callophyllum oil was
converted into biodiesel by two stage Transesterification process using NaOH as a catalyst.
Several tests have been carried out to examine properties, performance and emission characteristics for different blends such
as [B100, B20, B30, B40 and B100] in comparison with pure diesel for varying injection pressures like 160 bar, 180 bar and 200 bar
pressure. These tests were conducted on a single cylinder, 4 stroke, water cooled, direct injection computerized compression ignition
engine.
A REVIEW ON ‘’USE OF BIODIESEL IN I.C. ENGINE”Sagar Pachauri
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It defines biodiesel as a renewable, biodegradable fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats that can be used in diesel engines. Biodiesel is produced through a chemical process called transesterification where the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. It can be blended with petroleum diesel at various levels from B5 to B100. Biodiesel provides benefits like reduced emissions, domestic production, and it can help decrease dependence on foreign oil. Some disadvantages are it has lower energy content and can degrade rubber or gel in cold weather. The document examines the performance and emissions effects of biodiesel use in diesel engines.
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
G.akhil vegetable oils working on ic enginesAKHIL G
The document discusses the performance of internal combustion engines using vegetable oils as fuel. It provides an overview of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats through a process called transesterification. The performance and economics of biodiesel from sources like soybean oil and waste vegetable oil are compared to petroleum diesel. While biodiesel blends perform better in some ways, production costs and limited raw material availability restrict its commercial use. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of using straight vegetable oils in engines.
Introduction To Multilevel Association Rule And Its MethodsIJSRD
Association rule mining is a popular and well researched method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. In this paper we introduce the concept of Data mining, Association rule and Multilevel association rule with different algorithm, its advantage and concept of Fuzzy logic and Genetic Algorithm. Multilevel association rules can be mined efficiently using concept hierarchies under a support-confidence framework.
Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using D...IJMER
With modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of
diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the
petroleum reserves are scarce nowadays, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles.
Work has been done in using a lot of bio-fuels, the fuels obtained from plant to be used in IC engines
which have an even added advantage of lower emissions compared to that of diesel and gasoline. In the
present investigation Pine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under homogeneous
charge compression ignition compression combustion mode
Rotary RFID Parking Management Solution Controlled By MicrocontrollerIJSRD
This paper led emphasis over the automatic parking system. The reason behind this research work is to eradicate the traffic problem arise during the rush hours in day time. Implementation of intelligent parking also helpful in security purpose this research paper is based on RFID based technology along with IR communication. The main governing body is microcontroller. RFID means radio frequency identification, this technology has been used for since last two decades, reason behind this technology is quite straight as it is capable of providing new services and convenience in retail environment. This technology is very reliable as well as very user friendly. This also ease the security purpose, this also reduced time consumption of user. This research involved following components (a) IR based communication, (b) RFID Module, (c) Microcontroller ATmega328.
This document summarizes an experimental analysis of low-temperature combustion of biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures in a compression ignition engine. The study aims to reduce NOx and soot emissions. Biodiesel-diesel mixtures were combusted in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using high swirl ratio and exhaust gas recirculation. The results show that HCCI combustion with late injection reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to conventional diesel combustion. Increasing the biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture further reduced soot emissions while only slightly increasing NOx emissions.
This seminar document discusses biodiesel, including its sources from vegetable oils and animal fats, how it is produced through transesterification, its properties, material compatibility, applications, and benefits and disadvantages compared to petroleum diesel. Biodiesel has benefits like being renewable, producing fewer emissions, and degrading faster in the environment than diesel. However, it also has lower energy content and poorer cold weather performance than diesel.
A Technical Review Paper on Use of WTO (Waste Transformer Oil)-Diesel Blends ...IJSRD
Pollution from the petroleum oil increases day by day in terms of CO2, CO, NOx, PM and many other gases and particles. Price difference and economy leads people toward the use of alternative fuels. These problems indicate that the initiatives to replace gasoline and diesel fuel, due to the impact of fossil fuel crisis, hike in oil price and stringent emission norms, must be taken. Solution to long term energy problem will come only through research and developments in the field of alternative energy sources. Waste to energy is the recent trend in the selection of alternate fuels. One such fuel is WTO (waste transformer oil), which can be obtained from waste as an alternative fuel. By using WTO as a replacement of Diesel, both the above stated problems can be solved at great extent. From literature review it comes clear Fuels additives have become essential tool not only improve the performance and also produce lower emissions (NOx) of diesel engines. A variety of additives (metal based, oxygenated, antioxidants, lubricity improvers, cetane number improvers, and cold flow improvers) are used in biodiesel fuel to meet the international emission standards. Prime objective of this work is to find out an alternative fuel that can be used as a replacement of diesel and analyses the performance and reduce emission parameters. To fulfill the prime objective, Diesel engine, fuelled with Waste transformer Oil (WTO) - Diesel blends with Additive should be used to be operated at different blend ration with different concentration of Additives.
This document discusses variable compression ratio (VCR) engines. It explains that VCR engines can modify the compression ratio to match power demands, ranging from 7:1 to 21:1. This allows for increased fuel efficiency of up to 30% reduction in fuel consumption. VCR engines can also reduce combustion emissions. The document describes different ways to modify the compression ratio and outlines experiments conducted to analyze fuel consumption at various ratios for a single cylinder VCR test rig. It concludes that VCR engines have great potential to improve engine power and fuel economy when combined with other technologies.
This document discusses biodiesel as an alternative fuel. It defines biodiesel as a fuel produced from organic matter through a process called transesterification. Biodiesel provides environmental benefits such as reduced emissions compared to fossil fuels and can help countries gain energy security. It also has economic benefits and can be used in existing diesel engines when blended with petroleum diesel. However, biodiesel may experience some performance issues at higher concentrations or in cold weather.
This document discusses variable compression ratio engines. It begins by outlining the need for high power output engines with good reliability that can minimize thermal loads. It then introduces variable compression ratio technology, which allows the compression ratio to be adjusted while the engine is running based on load demands. This allows higher compression ratios for improved efficiency at low loads and lower ratios to prevent knocking at high loads. The document reviews different ways to vary the compression ratio and presents the advantages of improved fuel efficiency and emissions with VCR engines. However, it also notes the technology has high development costs and reliability has not been proven.
J. Ramakrishnan completed an internship from May 3rd to June 25th under Professor Dr. A. Ramesh at IIT Madras's IC Engines Laboratory. During the internship, he studied topics like biodiesel and its effects on engine performance, designing an air compressor engine, LabVIEW programming, and boost port fuel injection on 2-stroke engines. He thanked IIT Madras and Sastra University for providing him the opportunity to gain knowledge and research experience through hands-on work during the internship.
Biofuel is a liquid fuel produced from plant or animal material and used as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels. There are several types of biofuels including biodiesel, bioalcohols like ethanol, and biogas. Biofuels can be produced from feedstocks like palm, coconut, jatropha seeds, rapeseed, and algae. They are produced through fermentation of sugar crops or by heating plant oils. Biofuels are a renewable source and their production can benefit rural development.
Performance evaluation and emission analysis of 4 s, i.c. engine using ethan...eSAT Journals
This document evaluates the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine running on ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends. The key findings are:
1) Engine tests were conducted at varying loads using blends of D80B15E5, D70B20E10, and D70B25E5 and results were compared to neat diesel.
2) The D70B20E10 blend showed lower CO and HC emissions than other blends and slightly higher thermal efficiency than diesel.
3) Biodiesel's higher density and lower calorific value led to slightly higher fuel consumption for blends compared to diesel.
The document presents a project report on biodiesel. It begins by acknowledging contributors to the project. It then lists the objectives of studying biodiesel as an alternative fuel and its comparative properties with petrodiesel. Several production techniques for biodiesel are described, including transesterification, the most common method. Test results from a case study of a biodiesel company show properties and production process. Comparative results from engine tests burning biodiesel-diesel blends show impacts on performance and emissions. The presentation evaluates biodiesel's potential as a sustainable fuel for India.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an experimental study that compares combustion, performance, and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel (made from neem oil). Biodiesel was tested in a conventional diesel engine and in a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine, which was modified by coating the combustion chamber with a ceramic thermal barrier coating. The coating aimed to suppress heat loss from the engine, allowing improved efficiency. Test results found the LHR engine performance with biodiesel was similar to the conventional diesel engine. Brake thermal efficiency of the LHR engine decreased slightly with biodiesel compared to diesel. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased with biodiesel in both engine types. The results suggest
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel made from rice bran oil. Key points:
1. Rice bran oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process to reduce its high viscosity and make it suitable for use in a diesel engine.
2. The engine was tested using biodiesel and performance was found to be very close to diesel fuel, while some emissions like NOx and hydrocarbons decreased.
3. When compared to non-esterified rice bran oil, the esterified version produced less smoke and is considered more environmentally friendly.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DI DIESEL ENGINE WITH PREHEATING C...IAEME Publication
This study investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with corn oil methyl ester (COME) biodiesel that was preheated to different temperatures. COME was produced via transesterification of corn oil with methanol and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The viscosity of COME and its blends with diesel decreased with increasing preheat temperature up to 70°C. Testing found that preheating COME to 70°C improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced CO and HC emissions compared to diesel, but increased NOx emissions. Higher preheat temperatures like 90°C decreased performance due to vapor locking. Overall, preheating COME to 70°C allowed it to be used as a viable diesel alternative
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYL...IRJET Journal
1) An experimental investigation was conducted on a single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine with a modified piston and using bio-diesels including Mahua oil biodiesel and Karanja oil biodiesel blended with diesel at 20%.
2) The modified piston had two cutouts and two protrusions on the piston and piston bowl aimed at improving swirl and fuel-air mixing compared to a conventional piston.
3) Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, indicated thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and air-fuel ratio were compared between the modified piston with bio-diesels and a conventional piston with diesel alone. Emissions of CO were also measured and compared.
Production and evaluation of biodiesel from palm oil and ghee (clarified butter)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an experimental study on the production of biodiesel from palm oil and ghee (clarified butter) via transesterification. Key factors affecting the yield of biodiesel such as methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration, and operating temperature were investigated. The results showed that a methanol to oil ratio of 0.25v/v, catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt%, and temperature of 60°C provided optimal conditions for biodiesel yield. Under these conditions, palm oil produced a higher biodiesel yield of over 90% compared to ghee which had a lower yield. The biodiesel produced from both feedstocks met biodiesel standards according to analysis.
Production and evaluation of biodiesel from palm oil and ghee (clarified butter)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an experimental study on the production of biodiesel from palm oil and ghee (clarified butter) via transesterification. Key factors affecting the yield of biodiesel such as methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration, and operating temperature were investigated. The results showed that a methanol to oil ratio of 0.25v/v, catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt%, and temperature of 60°C provided optimal conditions for biodiesel yield. Under these conditions, palm oil produced a higher biodiesel yield of over 90% compared to ghee which had a lower yield. The biodiesel produced from both feedstocks met biodiesel standards according to characterization.
IRJET-Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine using Alumina N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of castor oil biodiesel and diesel containing alumina nanoparticles. Castor oil biodiesel was produced through transesterification and blended with diesel at a 20% ratio to create B20. Alumina nanoparticles were added to the B20 at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and results were compared to neat diesel. Testing showed that the alumina nanoparticle blends increased brake thermal efficiency up to 1.43% compared to diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide were also reduced, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher for
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)IOSR Journals
This document summarizes an experiment that tested the performance of a twin cylinder dual fuel diesel engine using various blends of karanja oil and producer gas generated from babul wood. The test fuels used were diesel, K10 (10% karanja oil + 90% diesel), and K20 (20% karanja oil + 80% diesel). The engine was tested at different gas flow rates under a constant 10 kW load in dual fuel mode. Results showed that brake specific energy consumption and exhaust gas temperature increased with higher gas flow rates and blend percentages, while brake thermal efficiency decreased. Emissions like CO, HC, and CO2 increased with gas flow rates, but NOx and smoke decreased. The highest diesel savings
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of neem methyl esters as biodiesel in a compression ignition engine. Neem oil was transesterified to produce biodiesel, which was then blended with diesel in ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and performance and emission characteristics were analyzed at varying loads. Results showed that the B20 blend performed better than diesel with lower emissions. Higher blend ratios like B30 saw decreased performance due to higher viscosity negatively impacting combustion. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of neem biodiesel to replace a portion of diesel fuel.
Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions with ceramic coated diesel en...eSAT Journals
Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine exhaust emissions in a conventional diesel engine (CE) and ceramic coated low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine [with ceramic coated cylinder head] with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of linseed oil based biodiesel with varied injection timing and injector opening pressure. Exhaust emissions [smoke and oxides of nitrogen]. Smoke levels decreased and NOx levels increased with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel operation. Advanced injection timing, increase of injector opening pressure preheated biodiesel reduced exhaust emissions from LHR engine with biodiesel operation. Keywords: Alternate Fuels, Vegetable Oils, Biodiesel, LHR engine, Exhaust emissions, Combustion characteristics.
Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions with ceramic coated diesel en...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Performance Test on Karanja, Neem and Mahua Biodiesel Blend with Diese...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that tested blends of karanja, neem, and mahua biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The biodiesel was produced through a transesterification process using the oils from the karanja, neem, and mahua plants. Blends with 10%, 20%, and 30% biodiesel were tested and compared to pure diesel on performance measures like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and mechanical efficiency. The results showed that the 10% blends had efficiencies close to diesel while higher blends like 20% and 30% had slightly lower efficiencies. Overall, the study found that karanja, neem
IRJET- Effect of Ethanol Blended with Cottonseed Oil Methyl Ester on Engine P...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effects of varying injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a blend of 20% cottonseed oil methyl ester, 10% ethanol, and 70% diesel (B20E10).
The biodiesel blend was produced via transesterification of cottonseed oil to reduce its viscosity. The engine was tested at injection pressures of 200, 220, and 240 bars and its carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NOx) emissions as well as brake thermal efficiency were evaluated and compared to neat diesel fuel. The results showed that CO and NOx emissions decreased with the biodiesel blend compared to diesel alone, while hydrocarbon emissions increased gradually. Higher injection pressure
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...IAEME Publication
This work is focused to determine the performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated direct ignition diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (DF), mahua biodiesel (MBD) and preheated mahua biodiesel (MBD-PH). The fatty acid composition of MBD is determined and its properties like density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and iodine value are also determined. Engine performance tests showed that brake specific fuel consumption of MBD is higher than that of DF.
IRJET-Performance Study on Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Engine using Diff...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research into using neem biodiesel in a variable compression ratio engine. Neem oil is converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process with methanol. The biodiesel is then tested in blends of 10%, 30%, and 50% neem biodiesel with diesel in a single cylinder engine. The performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, HC, CO2, and NOx are evaluated at different loads. The results show that a blend of 50% neem biodiesel with 5% methanol additive has the highest brake thermal efficiency but also higher emissions due to the methanol content. Overall, the neem biodiesel blends performed
This document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a conventional diesel engine and a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel (made from jatropha oil). Biodiesel was tested in both the conventional engine and an engine modified with a 0.5mm ceramic thermal barrier coating. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results showed the LHR engine had higher efficiency and cylinder pressures but also higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine. When fueled with biodiesel, the LHR engine performed similarly to when fueled with diesel, though brake thermal efficiency was marginally lower and NOx emissions were higher for biodiesel due to increased in
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A Study of Consolidate Heat Energy Generated from Diesel and Biodiesel Fuel f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the consolidated heat energy generated from diesel and biodiesel fuels in a four-stroke diesel engine. The study measured various heat energy outputs including the heat energy available from fuel burnt, heat energy equivalent to brake power output, heat lost to engine cooling water and exhaust gases, and unaccounted heat losses. Experimental testing was conducted on the engine using jatropha biodiesel blends and pure diesel. Test results show that while brake power outputs were similar between fuels, biodiesel blends had lower heat energy available from fuel and higher overall heat losses compared to pure diesel.
IRJET- The Impact of Biofuel on IC Engine and the EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the impact of biodiesel from Argemone Mexicana seeds on engine performance and the environment. The researchers extracted oil from the seeds using a Soxhlet apparatus and converted it to biodiesel via esterification and trans-esterification. Blended biodiesel-diesel fuels in varying proportions (B00, B06, B12, B18, B24) were tested in a diesel engine. Analysis found the biodiesel blends had density, viscosity, flash point and calorific values similar to diesel. Engine tests measured performance parameters, emissions and heat balance. Results showed blended fuels can partially substitute diesel without engine modifications.
Experimental Studies on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Fish Oil ...IJERA Editor
Biodiesel is one of the most versatile alternative fuel options for direct injection CI engine applications. In the recent research of biodiesel in India receives its attention towards fish oil based biodiesel. The present work aimed at production of biodiesel from the fish oil extracted from marine fish species by transesterification process which is used as fuel in direct injection CI engine to evaluate its performance, and emission characteristics at different injection opening pressures of 190bar, 200bar, 210bar. The different blends of fish oil biodiesel with diesel, B10, B20, B30, B40, B50 and B100 were used in the experiments and the results indicate that brake thermal efficiency were higher with B30 blend fuel than that of diesel at 210bar as compared at 190bar and 200bar. The brake specific energy consumption for B30 blend at 210bar shows better results than that of diesel. By considering these two performance parameters B30 blend at 210 bar injection opening pressure is taken as optimum. At full load for B30 fuel at 210bar injection opening pressure the emission results shows that there is increase in NOx and CO2 emission but reduction in CO and HC emissions by 20% and 15.55% respectively with reference to diesel fuel.
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2. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
concentration of biodiesel reduces PM emission and provides significant health and
compliance benefits wherever human receives higher levels of exposure to diesel engine.
Yusuf Ali and M.A.Hanna.(1994) Alternate fuels like ethanol, biodiesel, LPG, CNG,
etc have been commercialized in transport sector. Araya et al.(1987) converted
sunflower and fish oil to their methyl esters, tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and
concluded that, the maximum output with both methyl esters was higher (0.11 kW, 3%)
than the diesel fuel. Hulya.(2003) analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, the crude
commercial fish oil, by gas liquid chromatography. The major fatty acids detected in
this oil were as follows: 24.8% stearic, 23.6% palmitic, 9.84% myristic, and 6.56%
octadecatetraenoic acids. The physical and chemical properties of crude commercial fish
oil were established. Steigers JA.(2002) demonstrated the use of fish oil as fuel in a large
stationary diesel engine . Amba Prasad rao.G and Rama mohan.P. (2005) studies the
performance of DI and IDI engines with jatropia oil based biodiesel and concluded that DI
engine operations with biodiesel under supercharged condition the performance are very
close to diesel fuel operation. Cherng-yuan Lin and Rong-ji Li.(2009) trasesterified fish oil
to produce biodiesel and they used discarded parts of mixed marine fish species as the raw
material to produce biodiesel. They reported that Commercial biodiesel from waste
cooking oil when compared with marine fish oil biodiesel had a large gross heating value
elemental carbon and hydrogen content, cetane index, exhaust gas temperature, NOx, and
O2 emission and black smoke opacity with lower elemental oxygen content.
A.karthikeyan et al.(2009) studied the diesel Performance with fish oil biodiesel and its
blends with diesel in proportion of 20:80, 40:40, 60:40 and 100% by volume on single
cylinder water cooled four stroke diesel engines and reported that break thermal
efficiency of B60 blend and B100 was close to break thermal efficiency of diesel at all
loads. Dilip kumar Bora.(2009) studied the performance of single cylinder diesel engine
using blends of karabi seed biodiesel by using potassium hydroxide as catalyst to facilitate
estarification process and concluded B20 fuel showed better break thermal efficiency than
B100 fuel, B100 also showed maximum NOX emission however B100 emitted least CO
emission in comparison with B20 and diesel. More research work on the engine
performance and emission characteristics is required for complete evaluation of using sardine
oil methyl ester as an alternative diesel engine fuel. The specific objective of the present work
is to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using sardine
oil and its methyl ester, prepared by a method of transesterification process.
Experimental procedure
Tests have been conducted on a Kirloskar Engine TAF1, four strokes, single
cylinders, air-cooled direct injection, and naturally aspirated diesel engine at a constant
speed of 1500 rpm. The layout of experimental setup and its engine specification is shown
in Figure 1 and Table 1.The engine was coupled to a generator set and loaded by electrical
resistance to apply different loads on the engine. The voltage, current and power
developed by engine were directly displayed on control panel. Performance and emission
tests were conducted on various biodiesel blends in order to optimize the blends
concentration for long-term usage in CI engines. To achieve this, several blends of varying
concentration were prepared ranging from 0 percent (Neat diesel oil) to 100 percent
through 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent by volume. The
performance data was then analyzed from the graphs recording power output, fuel
consumption, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency for all blends of
biodiesel. The fuel properties of sardine oil methyl ester are shown in Table 2.
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3. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
Table 1. Engine specification
Make Kirlosker engine.
Model TAF 1
No of cylinder 3 inline
Bore and stroke 87.5X110mm
Break power 4.4KW
Displacement 2826cc
type of cooling Air cooled
Firing order 1-3-2
Speed 1500rpm
Compression ratio 17.5:1
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4. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
Table 2. Fuel properties of Sardine biodiesel.
Serial
Number Properties Sardine biodiesel
1. Density (kg/m3) 890
2. Specific gravity 0.89
3. Kinematic viscosity at 40 C (Cst) 4.5
4. Calorific value (KJ/kg) 37,405
5. Flash point (C) 58
6. Fire point (C) 68
7. Oxygen contents 0.72 %.
8. Iodine value 142
9. Moisture 0.02 %
10. Carbon 90.02 %
11. Hydrogen 9.19 %
12. Nitrogen 0.01 %
13. Sulphur 0.03 %
Results and Discussion
Brake specific fuel consumption
The variation of Brake specific fuel consumption of the engine with various blends is
shown in figure 2. The BSFC in general, was found to increase with increasing proportion
of B100 in the fuel blends with diesel, where as it decreases sharply with increase in load
for all fuels. The main reason for this could be that percent increase in fuel required to
operate the engine is less than the percent increase in brake power due to relatively less
portion of the heat losses at higher loads. As density of sardine biodiesel was higher than
that of diesel, which means, the same fuel consumption on volume basis resulted in higher
BSFC in case of 100% biodiesel. The higher densities of biodiesel blends caused higher
mass injection for the same volume at the same injection pressure. The calorific value of
biodiesel is less than diesel. Due to these reasons, the BSFC for other blends were higher
than that of diesel.
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5. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
0.6
BSFC ( Kj/Kwhr)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 25 50 75 100
LOAD (%)
Figure 2. Comparison of Break Specific Fuel consumption vs Load with methyl ester of sardine oil
Break specific energy consumption
The variation of Brake specific energy consumption of the engine with various blends is shown in figure
3. The BSEC is calculated as the product of brake specific fuel consumption and calorific value. The BSEC
consumption of the engine with SOME is higher compared to diesel at all loads. This may be due to the lower
heating value, higher viscosity and density of SOME.
25000
BSEC ( Kj/Kwhr)
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0 25 50 75 100
LOAD (%)
Figure 3. Comparison of Break Specific energy consumption vs Load with methyl ester of sardine oil
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6. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
Break thermal efficiency
The variation of break thermal efficiency of the engine with various blends is
shown in figure 4. In all cases, it increased with increase in load. This was due to reduction
in heat loss and increase in power with increase in load. The brake thermal efficiency
obtained for B25, B50, B75, and B100 were less than that of diesel. This lower brake
thermal efficiency obtained could be due to reduction in calorific value and increase in fuel
consumption compared to diesel.
40
35
30
BTE (%)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 25 50 75 100
LOAD (%)
Figure 4. Comparison of Break thermal efficiency vs Load with methyl ester
of sardine oil
Exhaust gas temperature
The variation of Exhaust gas temperature of the engine with various blends is shown
in figure 5. In general, the EGT increased with increase in engine loading for all the fuel
tested. This increase in exhaust gas temperature with load is obvious from the simple fact
that more amount of fuel was required in the engine to generate that extra power needed to
take up the additional loading. The exhaust gas temperature was found to increase with
the increasing concentration of biodiesel in the blends. This could be due to the
increased heat loss of the higher blends, which are also evident from, their lower brake
thermal efficiencies as compared to diesel.
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7. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
450
400
350
300
EGT (%)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 25
LOAD (%)50 75 100
Figure 5. Comparison of Exhaust gas temperature vs Load with methyl ester of sardine oil
Carbon monoxide
The variation of Carbon monoxide of the engine with various blends is shown in figure 6. The
minimum and maximum CO produced was observed from the graph for all blends. These higher CO
emissions of biodiesel blends may be due to their less oxidation as compared to diesel. Some of the CO
produced during combustion of biodiesel might have converted into CO2 by taking up the oxygen
molecule present in the biodiesel chain and thus higher in CO formation.
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
CO (%)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 25 50 75 100
LOAD (%)
Figure 6. Comparison of Carbon monoxide vs Load with methyl ester of sardine oil
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8. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
Hydrocarbon
The variation of Hydrocarbon of the engine with various blends is shown in
figure 7. It can be seen that there is an increase in HC emission for all test fuel as
the load increases. This is due to the presence of fuel rich mixture at higher load.
There is a significant reduction in HC emission for methyl ester and their blends at
all loads compare to diesel. Increasing the percentage of methyl ester in the fuel
drastically reduces HC emission.
32
28
24
HC (ppm)
20
16
12
8
4
0
0 25 50 75 100
LOAD (%)
Figure 7. Comparison of HydroCarbon vs Load with methyl ester of sardine oil
Nitrogen oxides
The variation of Nitrogen oxides of the engine with various blends is shown
in figure 8. It can be seen that the increasing proportion of biodiesel in the blends
was found to increase NOx emissions, when compared with that of pure diesel.
This could be attributed to the increased exhaust gas temperatures and the fact that
biodiesel had some oxygen content in it which facilitated NOx formation. In
general, the NOx concentration varies linearly with the load of the engine. As the
load increases, the overall fuel-air ratio increases resulting in an increase in the
average gas temperature in the combustion chamber and hence NOx formation,
which is sensitive to temperature increase.
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9. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
ngineering
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
1600
1400
1200
1000
NO (ppm)
800
600
400
200
0
0 25 50 75 100 125
LOAD (%)
Figure 8. Comparison of Nitric Oxide vs Load with methyl ester of sardine oil
Conclusion
The following are the major conclusions that are drawn.
1. The specific fuel consumption and specific energy consumption is slightly lower
than diesel for all blends.
2. The BTE for sardine oil methyl ester blends is lower as compared to diesel at all
loads.
3. It is observed from the emission analysis that there is an increase in NOx emission
for SOME as compare to diesel.
4. The CO emission is higher for SOME as compared to diesel.
5. HC emissions for SOME were lower as compared to diesel.
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my thanks to My guide who helped me to develop the
ike
new ideas and put forward here.
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10. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Development (IJMERD), ISSN 2248 –
9347(Print) ISSN 2228 – 9355(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, January- September (2012)
References
1.Yusuf Ali and M.A.Hanna (1994),”Alternative diesel fuels from vegetable oil”,
NiSource Tech, vol. 50, pp. 153-163.
2.Araya Ken., et al (1987),”.Diesel engine performance with sunflower oil and
fish oil”, J Senshu University Hokkaido (Nat Sci) ,vol.20,pp. 137-54.
3.C.Hulya (2003),”Commercial fish oil, Cilt: Trakya Universities Bilimsel”
vol.3,pp.1-6.
4.JA.Steigers(2002),”Demonstrating the use of fish oil as fuel in a large stationary
diesel engine”, Advances in seafood byproduct conference proceedings,Alaska Sea
Grant, pp.1-5.
5.G. Amba Prasad Rao and P. Rama mohan(2005),” Performance evaluation of DI
and IDI engine with Jatropha 0.7 based Biodiesel”, Journal of the Institution of
Engineers (India), vol.86, pp.130-136.
6.Cherng-Yuan Lin, Rong-ji Li (2009),”Engine performance and emission
characteristic of marine fish Biodiesel produced from discarded parts of marine
fish”, Fuel processing Technology, vol.90, pp.883-888.
7.A.Karthikeyan and B.Prasad, Durga (2009),”Experimental investigation on Diesel
engine using Fish oil Biodiesel and its Diesel Blends”, International Journal of
Applied engineering Research, vol.4, pp.7-14.
8.Dilip Kumar Bora (2009),”Performance of Single by Diesel engine with Karabi
Seed Biodiesel”, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol.68, pp.960-963.
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