Educational technology has evolved from early foundations in instructional design and educational media. Over the 20th century, it was influenced by behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Today, instructional design, educational media, and educational computing have converged into the field of educational technology. Looking ahead, technology is expected to become more integrated into teaching and learning, enabling distributed, lifelong learning available anytime and anywhere.

1. Educational TechnologyEducational Technology
Recent trendRecent trend
Bharti Kumari

2. Educational TechnologyEducational Technology
PastPast
Today’s Lesson
History

3. Educational Technology in PastEducational Technology in Past
Systematic
Instructional
Design
Educational
Media
Educational
Computing

4. Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Instructional design was founded on theInstructional design was founded on the
pioneering work of individuals such aspioneering work of individuals such as
Edward L. Thorndike.Edward L. Thorndike.
Thorndike developed one of the firstThorndike developed one of the first
“scientific” theories of learning. His original“scientific” theories of learning. His original
expression of the stimulus-responseexpression of the stimulus-response
framework of learning that gave rise toframework of learning that gave rise to
behaviorism.behaviorism.

5. Theoretical PerspectivesTheoretical Perspectives
The field has been influenced by three majorThe field has been influenced by three major
theoretical perspectives over the last century:theoretical perspectives over the last century:
– BehaviorismBehaviorism
– CognitivismCognitivism
– ConstructivismConstructivism
Famous educator John Dewey, aFamous educator John Dewey, a
contemporary of Thorndike, is oftencontemporary of Thorndike, is often
credited the founder of constructivist thought incredited the founder of constructivist thought in
education.education.

6. Designing InstructionDesigning Instruction
The process of human learning and growingThe process of human learning and growing
understanding in the 20understanding in the 20thth
century supportedcentury supported
the notion that instruction could bethe notion that instruction could be
systematically designed to produce learning.systematically designed to produce learning.

7. Educational MediaEducational Media
Media have been of interest in educationMedia have been of interest in education
since the late 19since the late 19thth
and early 20and early 20thth
centuriescenturies
when visuals and real objects emerged as awhen visuals and real objects emerged as a
way to help people learn.way to help people learn.

8. Educational MediaEducational Media
The training effort during World War II,The training effort during World War II,
and subsequent developments,and subsequent developments,
helped to link instructional design withhelped to link instructional design with
mediated and mechanical delivery systems.mediated and mechanical delivery systems.

9. Educational MediaEducational Media
Films, and later radio, TV, and computersFilms, and later radio, TV, and computers
were the object of much excitement becausewere the object of much excitement because
of the belief that media that could promoteof the belief that media that could promote
learning.learning.
However, until recently, all media wereHowever, until recently, all media were
separately developed and managed.separately developed and managed.

10. Computing in pastComputing in past
First generation computers used vacuumFirst generation computers used vacuum
tubes.tubes.
The 2The 2ndnd
generation used transistors.generation used transistors.
The 3The 3rdrd
generation relied on integratedgeneration relied on integrated
circuits.circuits.
Today’s 4Today’s 4thth
generation models use very large-generation models use very large-
scale integrated circuitry.scale integrated circuitry.

11. Educational TechnologyEducational Technology
PresentPresent
Today’s Lesson
Trends

12. Instructional
Design
Educational
Media
Educational
Computing
Discipline Convergence
Educational
Technology

13. ID Theory BaseID Theory Base
Behavioral perspectiveBehavioral perspective
Cognitive perspectiveCognitive perspective
Constructivist perspectiveConstructivist perspective

14. Computers in Schools TodayComputers in Schools Today

15. Use of Technology in EducationUse of Technology in Education
MotivationMotivation
– Attention, engagement, controlAttention, engagement, control
Unique instructional capabilitiesUnique instructional capabilities
– Finding information, visualizing, linking learnersFinding information, visualizing, linking learners
Support for new instructional approachesSupport for new instructional approaches
– Cooperative learning, problem solving, shared intelligenceCooperative learning, problem solving, shared intelligence
Increased teacher productivityIncreased teacher productivity
– Record keeping, better materials, freeing timeRecord keeping, better materials, freeing time
Required skills for an information ageRequired skills for an information age
– Information literacy, visual literacy, technology literacyInformation literacy, visual literacy, technology literacy

16. Electronic Ink / Paper / BooksElectronic Ink / Paper / Books
eBooks, portable devices that can holdeBooks, portable devices that can hold
downloaded books, are already available.downloaded books, are already available.
Electronic ink or paper is a developingElectronic ink or paper is a developing
technology in which microcapsules,technology in which microcapsules,
embedded within a thin film that can beembedded within a thin film that can be
mounted in tablet or possibly even somethingmounted in tablet or possibly even something
like normal paper, can display print inlike normal paper, can display print in
response to electrical signals.response to electrical signals.

17. Educational TechnologyEducational Technology
FutureFuture
Distributed Learning

18. Education expected in futureEducation expected in future
Devices will connect wirelessly and become an integralDevices will connect wirelessly and become an integral
part of the teaching and learning process.part of the teaching and learning process.
Using technology tools for real work on authentic tasks.Using technology tools for real work on authentic tasks.
Full multimedia capability, including routine access to andFull multimedia capability, including routine access to and
storage of video, will also be possible.storage of video, will also be possible.
Increased processing and storage capacity with softwareIncreased processing and storage capacity with software
are likely to make voice interfacing with computing devicesare likely to make voice interfacing with computing devices
more widespread, perhaps at commonplace.more widespread, perhaps at commonplace.
With improving technology and increasing networking,With improving technology and increasing networking,
education will become available anytime and anywhere.education will become available anytime and anywhere.
Higher education, of necessity, will work to reach growingHigher education, of necessity, will work to reach growing
non-traditional audiences.non-traditional audiences.

19. Education expected in futureEducation expected in future
With access to huge stores of multimedia information,With access to huge stores of multimedia information,
education will focus less on information delivery and moreeducation will focus less on information delivery and more
on finding, evaluating, and using information.on finding, evaluating, and using information.
The teacher’s role will increasingly shift from the “sage onThe teacher’s role will increasingly shift from the “sage on
the stage” to the “guide on the side.”the stage” to the “guide on the side.”
Life-long learning will become the norm, and technologyLife-long learning will become the norm, and technology
will be tool for educators reach those who wantswill be tool for educators reach those who wants
continuing education.continuing education.
Computers and allied technologies will replace traditionalComputers and allied technologies will replace traditional
face-to-face teaching and learning.face-to-face teaching and learning.
But, technology probably will change the face of theBut, technology probably will change the face of the
teaching and learning landscape that we know today.teaching and learning landscape that we know today.

20. Education - futureEducation - future
It depends upon educators today to beginIt depends upon educators today to begin
preparing for the changing educationpreparing for the changing education
paradigms of tomorrow.paradigms of tomorrow.
The EndThe End