This document provides an overview of the history and development of educational technology from the early 1900s to 2010. It describes some of the key milestones in the development of instructional media, computers, the internet, and technologies used in classrooms over the past century including the development of radio, film, calculators, mainframe computers, personal computers, the internet, and mobile devices. It also defines some common terms used in educational technology like ICT, e-learning, and blended learning.

1. ICT APPLIED TO ENGLISH TEACHING 2010 Students: Amendolara, Vanina Gorosito, Marina Lecturer: Paula Ledesma

2. WHAT IS ICT? ICT stands for information and communication technologies and are defined as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources that are used to communicate, create, exchange, store, and manage information.” These tools and resources include computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony. WHAT IS E-LEARNING? e-learning includes learning at all levels, both formal and non-formal, that uses the Internet, an intranet (LAN) or extranet (WAN), whether wholly or in part, in their lessons, interaction, evaluation and/or facilitation. WHAT IS BLENDED LEARNING? This refers to learning models that combine traditional classroom practice with e-learning solutions.

3. 1905 QWERTY – Christopher Sholes develops a machine to print the alphabet. 1872 The first administrative organizations in schools to work with instructional media were school museums. The first school museum was established in St. Louis, Missouri. Its purpose was to collect and loan portable museum exhibits, films, photographs, charts, stereographic slides, and other materials to teachers so they could use them in their classrooms.

4. 1920 The Radio Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce began to license commercial and educational stations. Soon schools, colleges, departments of education, and commercial stations were providing radio programming to schools. 1931 Thirty-one state departments of education had created administrative units to manage films and related media. Films weren’t very popular among teachers at first. Some of the reasons cited for infrequent use were teachers' lack of skill in using equipment and film; the cost of films, equipment, and upkeep ; inaccessibility of equipment when it was needed; and the time involved in finding the right film for each class.

5. 1955 IBM's first commercial computer is sold. The Cold War results in the US and Russia using technology for aircraft design and weapons. 1958 As cold war continues, National Defense Education Act brings some new money and some new technology into schools, but primarily in vocational education. Mainframe host computers are not widely accepted in schools that are still using the single classroom, teacher/manager method of delivering information to students. 1962 The PLATO instructional computing system is widely used in college and K-12 classrooms.

6. 1963 – 1970 Vocational Education Act passes with new money supporting the use of technology in schools; however, the mainframe and minicomputers in use at this time are using processing methods that do not fit well with the single teacher. Elementary and Secondary Education Act brings new money into schools for technology. School vocational training programs begin to include computer maintenance. Texas Instruments develops the first hand-held calculator. The Arpanet is constructed . The Arpanet goes online. It was the world's first operational packet switching network, and one of the networks that came to comprise the global Internet . The terms visual education and visual instruction were used originally because many of the media available to teachers depended upon sight. Later, when sound was added to film and audio recordings became popular, the terms audiovisual education, audiovisual instruction, and audiovisual devices were used to represent the variety of media employed.These were the principal terms used to describe educational technology until about 1970.

7. 1970 – 1980 Instructional television appeared to prosper only where there was substantial public, corporate, or commercial support. Schools found it difficult to meet the substantial costs that program development and the purchase and maintenance of equipment meant. Moreover, despite repeated efforts, it proved almost impossible to broadcast instruction when individual teachers needed it. The Altair 8800 paved the way for personal computers. Some Apple 1 PCs are donated to schools; some schools have adopted mainframes and minicomputers and refuse to consider PCs. Apple introduces the Apple II. Japan Victor Company (JVC) introduces the VHS format video cassette recorder . HyperStudio , a multimedia authoring tool that allows people to communicate ideas on diskette (or floppy disk), CD-ROM or Internet. Approximately15 Million PCs worldwide; PC

8. 1980 – 1990 The first educational drill and practice programs are developed for personal computers. The Apple II computer finds widespread acceptance in education because PCs better fit the teacher /manager model of instructional delivery (PCs can be used to "support" the ongoing teaching in the single classroom). Simple simulation programs are developed for personal computers. Apple Macintosh computer is developed; computer-based tutorials and learning games are developed by commercial software manufacturers. Commodore introduces the Commodore 64 . CD-ROM players for computers . The World-Wide Web begins at the Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire.

9. 1990 – 2000 Multimedia PCs are developed; schools are using videodiscs; object-oriented multimedia authoring tools are in wide use; Simulations, educational databases and other types of programs are being delivered on CD-ROM disks, many with animation and sound. Texas Instruments creates the popular TI-81 graphing calculator Digital video, virtual reality, and 3-D systems capture the attention of many, but fewer multimedia PCs than basic business PCs are sold; most US classrooms now have at least one PC available for instructional delivery, but not all teachers have access to a computer for instructional preparation. Classroom Connect offers educational WebQuests for classrooms all over the world. many schools are rewiring for Internet access; a few schools install web servers and provide faculty with a way to create instructional web pages.

10. 2000 - 2010 NEATscape version 5.0 is released. Every museum and historical site sponsors its own online field trip . Apple releases its third generation iMac in with a built-in microphone. Students take it to class, and it records the lecture so that the student can organize the lecture to meet his/her learning style. PaperGraderXPress , a wand-like, wireless device, which reads and analyzes any type of student composition, typed or hand-written. A new PLATO satellite system , in which students have small handheld devices which they carry with them to and from school. Prometheus , the first virtual World University, opens. The laptop computer merges with the student's notebook and textbooks to create the Interactive Textbook. Books are published in a dual format -- Opti-books --, which can be read as print books, but they also have a CD-ROM embedded in the back. The Internet is accessed entirely through wireless , handheld, pocket computers. The first widespread use of electronic textbooks in US schools.

11. REFERENCES Educational Technology Timeline created by the CI 335 / CS 317 students at the University of Illinois in Fall 1999 http://cter.ed.uiuc.edu/cter2/ci335/timeline.html History of Computers, and the History of Computers in Education http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html Baldwin, Roger G. School Technology in Education http://www.answers.com/topic/school-technology-in-education Educational technology in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology