Ed Ing Clauses
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-ing and -ed clauses are postmodifiers that come after nouns in noun phrases. -ing clauses have active meaning and describe what something is doing at a particular time. -ed clauses have passive meaning and describe an action received by the noun. Both can be used after "there is/are" and to provide additional description to nouns. Examples are provided of sentences containing -ing and -ed clauses.
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The passive voice is used when the agent or doer of the action is unknown, not important, or to give importance to the object of the sentence. It is formed by using some form of 'to be' plus the past participle of the main verb. Some common uses of the passive voice include reporting information, rules, or media reports where the focus is on the topic rather than who performed the action. The passive voice can be used in all tenses and includes changes in verbs and pronouns compared to the active voice.
Cohesion Types
The document discusses the concept of cohesion in English. It defines cohesion as the semantic relations between elements in a text that give the text unity and allow it to be interpreted as a whole. It outlines the major types of cohesive devices, including reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. It also discusses the role of cohesion in forming texture and structure in a text.
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Adjectiveclauses
This document discusses adjective clauses, also known as relative clauses. It defines adjective clauses as dependent clauses that modify nouns called antecedents. Adjective clauses function like adjectives by providing extra information about nouns. The document covers the placement of adjective clauses, the different types of relative pronouns used to introduce clauses, and the two types of clauses - subject clauses and object clauses. It also discusses modifying place and time within adjective clauses.
Passive explanation
The document discusses active and passive voice in English grammar. It defines active voice as having the subject perform the action of the verb, while passive voice has the subject receive the action. Passive voice is formed using a form of the auxiliary verb "be" and the past participle. The document provides examples of passive voice constructions in different tenses and notes some common reasons to use passive voice over active, such as when the agent is unknown, not the focus, or obvious from context. It also discusses how to convert a passive sentence to active voice.
Word Class in English
Different words have different grammatical functions in sentences. These functions are called word classes or parts of speech, which include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, determiners, pronouns, conjunctions, and complementizers. Words that denote objects and ideas are called content words, while function words that do not denote objects aid the structure of sentences. Verbs inflect based on tense, person, number and voice to indicate grammatical relationships between subjects and objects.
Phrases (2).pptx
The evenings have recently turned very cold, according to a short document. It discusses linguistic concepts like constituents, immediate constituents, and the relationship between linguistic units of different sizes, including sentences, clauses, phrases, words and morphemes. It also covers the differences between simple and complex sentences.
The verb
The document discusses verbs and their forms and usage. It explains that verbs assert something about the subject and express actions, events, or states of being. It describes the infinitive form in English and Spanish, and how Spanish verbs are conjugated to express tense, person, and number. It also discusses grammatical tense, verb valency, auxiliary verbs, irregular verbs, and other verbal forms like participles, infinitives, gerunds, and their meanings and usage.
Syntax
This document provides an overview of syntax, including different types of adjectives, adverbs, clauses, and transformations. It defines key syntactic concepts like modification, constituents, coordination, subordination, and relative clauses. It also describes different types of adjectives, adverbs, clauses and their functions in sentences. Finally, it briefly discusses structural description, structural change, and some common transformation rules.
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The document defines and provides examples of various grammatical structures including phrases and clauses. It discusses the key components of phrases, such as present participial phrases, adjective infinitive phrases, and adverb infinitive phrases. It also examines the differences between independent and subordinate clauses, and provides examples of adjective subordinate clauses, adverb subordinate clauses, and noun subordinate clauses. The document serves as a reference for the basic building blocks of language including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and other grammatical structures.
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The document provides examples and explanations of different types of phrases and clauses in English grammar, including noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and more. It defines what each type is and provides illustrative examples with explanations of the function of each phrase or clause in the example sentences. The course instructor is listed as Mam Ramish Nazir and there are 4 presenters listed for the document: Sandas Ansar, Ansa Ashraf, Hamza Ahmad, and M. Abdullah.
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9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a South Asian Muslim writer,[1][2] philosopher,[3] scholar and politician,[4] whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century,[5][6][7][8] and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British Raj[9] was to animate the impulse for Pakistan.[1][10] He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama[11] (from Persian: علامہ, romanized: ʿallāma, lit. 'very knowing, most
Function words & content words
Function words serve important grammatical functions and have little meaning on their own. They include articles, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, determiners, intensifiers, prepositions, pronouns, and interjections. Articles precede nouns and can be definite or indefinite. Auxiliary verbs combine with other verbs to form verb phrases. Conjunctions link words and phrases. Determiners introduce nouns. Pronouns replace nouns.
Pronouns Handout
This document provides an overview of different types of pronouns and their usage, including:
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- Indefinite pronouns and rules for singular/plural agreement
- Relative pronouns that introduce adjective and noun clauses
- Other pronouns like interrogative, demonstrative, intensive, reflexive, and reciprocal
It also covers pronoun-antecedent agreement rules regarding number, compound subjects, collective nouns, titles, plural forms with singular meanings, and usage of "the number of" vs "a number of".
Presentation2
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a preposition, adverb, or both to form a semantic unit. Phrasal verbs are common in English and often have meanings different from the individual words. There are two main types - particle verbs containing adverbs and prepositional verbs containing prepositions. The position of objects with phrasal verbs depends on whether it is a particle or prepositional verb and whether the object is a pronoun or noun phrase. Phrasal verbs are an important part of spoken English.
Passive Verbs Presentation
The document discusses passive and active voice in sentences. The passive voice is formed using a form of the auxiliary verb "be" together with the past participle of the main verb. The subject of a passive voice sentence receives the action rather than performs it. Some reasons to use the passive voice include when the agent is unknown, not the focus, or obvious from context. The active voice can be formed by making the agent the subject of the sentence.
parts of speech
This document presents an overview of the eight parts of speech in English: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. It defines each part of speech and provides examples to illustrate how words function within each category. The document is a presentation on parts of speech given by Moazzam Yasin and assigned by Professor Tahira Aalam at Concordia College in Allahabad.
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Ispravak midterm, uvodumorfo., nov12
This document discusses English verb tenses, aspects, and moods. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like finite and non-finite verb phrases, auxiliary vs main verbs, progressive and perfect aspects, and root vs epistemic meanings of modal verbs. Questions are included for students to analyze verb forms in example sentences, compare sentences using different verb constructions, discuss ambiguity, and translate a sentence into English. The document aims to teach students to properly identify and explain verb-related grammar points in English.
Verbs verbsverbs
There are two types of verbs: action verbs and linking verbs. Action verbs express physical or mental activity and can be transitive or intransitive, while linking verbs express a state of being and are always intransitive. Verbs can also be transitive or intransitive depending on whether their action passes to a direct object. Auxiliary verbs help the main verb but do not function as verbs themselves.
The Adjective Clause
The document provides information about adjective clauses:
1) An adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and includes both a subject and a verb. It usually follows the word or words it modifies.
2) Adjective clauses are often introduced by relative pronouns like "that", "which", "who", or "whom". Relative adverbs like "when" and "where" can also introduce adjective clauses.
3) Adjective clauses add clarity and description to writing but should be used sparingly to avoid wordiness.
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The document discusses different terms used to describe quantities in English. It explains the differences between lots/a lot, many/much/a lot of/plenty of, too much/too many, little/a little/few/a few, not much/a small amount/not many/a small number, not enough, and any/none. For example, it states that lots/a lot use a noun, while many/much are used with countable and uncountable nouns respectively. It also explains that terms like plenty, enough, too much are used in positive sentences while few, little, not much are used in negative sentences.
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The freed Chilean miners received a joyous welcome home after spending two days in the hospital following their rescue from being trapped underground for over two months. The miners were cheered as celebrities by relatives and neighbors who were overjoyed to see them after believing they would never be seen again. The miners had agreed to pool their storytelling income and withhold some details of how they survived for so long isolated in the mine.
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The document discusses the passive voice and provides examples of sentences written in both the passive and active voice. It shows sentences where the subject receives the action (passive) such as "Apples are grown in Canada" compared to the active voice where the subject performs the action as in "Farmers grow apples in Canada." A total of 15 examples are given covering topics such as inventions, discoveries, and where certain fruits are grown to illustrate transforming sentences from passive to active voice.
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The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. Defining relative clauses provide essential information to identify the antecedent, while non-defining clauses provide extra contextual information and are set off by commas. Some key points covered include the different relative pronouns used to introduce relative clauses, examples of defining and non-defining clauses, and how to identify the difference between the two types of clauses.
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Ed Ing Clauses
- 1. -ed / -ingclauses Postmodifiers in Noun Phrases
- 3. -ing and –edclauses are postmodifiers in nounphrases, thatis, they are complementswhichwewrite AFTER thenoun.
- 5. We use –ingclausestosaywhatsomebody/somethingis (orwas) doing at a particular time.
- 8. There are threepeoplewaiting at thequeue.
- 10. Key. Suggestedanswers This is a woman drinking water. I saw a dog running after a man I saw a man chased by a dog. This is a picture painted by Van Gogh.
- 11. Eoi de granada Mª Elena Tapia Carrillo February 2010