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PASSIVE VERBS
fatih06kgm@hotmail.com
ACTIVE VOICE
'Voice' refers to the relationship between the subject and the verb in a
sentence. A sentence is said to be in the active voice if the subject is
performing the action of the verb.
PASSIVE VOICE
In English, as in many other languages, the passive voice is the form of a
transitive verb whose grammatical subject serves as the patient, receiving
the action of the verb. English's passive is formed using a form of the
auxiliary verb be together with a verb's past participle.

Tense

Subject

Auxiliary
Singular

Plural

Past
Participle

Present

The car/cars

is

are

designed.

Present perfect

The car/cars

has been

have been

designed.

Past

The car/cars

was

were

designed.

Past perfect

The car/cars

had been

had been

designed.

Future

The car/cars

will be

will be

designed.

Future perfect

The car/cars

will have been

will have been

designed.

Present progressive

The car/cars

is being

are being

designed.

Past progressive

The car/cars

was being

were being

designed.
Use passive instead of active:
If the agent is unknown.
Denise’s computer was stolen from her office.

If the agent is not focus.
The new library was finished about a year ago.

If the agent is obvious from context.
I had an accident yesterday. This other car went through a red light
and hit me. My car was completely destroyed.

To focus on receiver.
Did you hear the news? Matt was injured slightly in the earthquake,
but Jeff was O.K.

To make general explanations, statements and
announcements, or in scientific and technical writing.
Passengers are asked to refrain from smoking.
Because we most often use passive verbs to describe situations
when the agent is not the primary focus, we usually do not
include the agent (by noun phrase) in passive sentences.
However, sometimes it is necessary to include the agent.

When the agent gives us additional new information.
Many important scientific discoveries have been made by women.

When information about the agent is too important to omit.
Radioactivity was discovered by Marie Curie in 1903.

When the agent is surprising or unexpected.
That picture was painted by a monkey.
PASSIVE VOICE EXAMPLES
PASSIVE VOICE EXAMPLES
PRESENT: IS, ARE

PAST: WAS, WERE
The passive voice is typically contrasted with the active voice,
which is the form of a transitive verb whose subject serves as
the agent, performing the action of the verb.

The subject of a verb in the passive voice corresponds to the
object of the same verb in the active voice.
Active

Passive

Time
Reference

They make Fords in
Cologne.

Fords are made in Cologne.

Present simple

Susan is cooking dinner.

Dinner is being cooked by Susan

Present
continuous

James Joyce wrote
"Dubliners".

"Dubliners" was written by
James Joyces.

Past simple

They were painting the
house when I arrived.

The house was being painted
when I arrived.

Past
continuous

They have produced over
20 models in the past two
years.

Over 20 models have been
produced in the past two years.

Present perfect

They are going to build a
new factory in Portland.

A new factory is going to be built Future
in Portland.
intention with
going to

I will finish it tomorrow.

It will be finished tomorrow.

Future simple
If you want to change a passive-voice sentence to active voice, find the
agent in a "by the..." phrase, or consider carefully who or what is
performing the action expressed in the verb. Make that agent the subject
of the sentence, and change the verb accordingly. Sometimes you will need
to infer the agent from the surrounding sentences which provide context.
Special cases: Verbs with no passive
forms and other verbs with no active
forms
Some verbs don’t have passive form because they do not take
direct objects. This category includes verbs such as:
Occur, happen, take place, appear, seem, look, emerge, vanish,
disappear, appear, resemble, consist of, collide, etc.
Few changes have occurred at Stonehenge over the years.
The discovery of Nazca Lines happened in the 1930s.
NOT: A ceremonial function was had by these pictures.
NOT: Some animals are resembled by the pictures.
Jeff was born in Kansas.
NOT: Jeff’s mother bore him in Kansas.
A stative verb, generally, cannot be made into a passive sentence. However,
some stative verbs have "active" forms in which the verb has another
meaning.
Stative verb: "weigh"

Intransitive Verb

Transitive Verb

Arnold weighs 250
lbs. (stative)

The doctor weighed
the baby. (active)

(no passive possible)

The baby was
weighed by the doctor.

EXAMPLE

Active

Passive

Some verbs have different meaning when in the passive voice:
Passive The College of San Mateo is located on a hilltop. (exists)
Active The Board of Regents voted to locate the new college on a hilltop.
(situate / build)
Active The police located the lost child. (found)

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Passive explanation

  • 2. ACTIVE VOICE 'Voice' refers to the relationship between the subject and the verb in a sentence. A sentence is said to be in the active voice if the subject is performing the action of the verb.
  • 3. PASSIVE VOICE In English, as in many other languages, the passive voice is the form of a transitive verb whose grammatical subject serves as the patient, receiving the action of the verb. English's passive is formed using a form of the auxiliary verb be together with a verb's past participle. Tense Subject Auxiliary Singular Plural Past Participle Present The car/cars is are designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Past The car/cars was were designed. Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed. Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed. Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed. Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed.
  • 4. Use passive instead of active: If the agent is unknown. Denise’s computer was stolen from her office. If the agent is not focus. The new library was finished about a year ago. If the agent is obvious from context. I had an accident yesterday. This other car went through a red light and hit me. My car was completely destroyed. To focus on receiver. Did you hear the news? Matt was injured slightly in the earthquake, but Jeff was O.K. To make general explanations, statements and announcements, or in scientific and technical writing. Passengers are asked to refrain from smoking.
  • 5. Because we most often use passive verbs to describe situations when the agent is not the primary focus, we usually do not include the agent (by noun phrase) in passive sentences. However, sometimes it is necessary to include the agent. When the agent gives us additional new information. Many important scientific discoveries have been made by women. When information about the agent is too important to omit. Radioactivity was discovered by Marie Curie in 1903. When the agent is surprising or unexpected. That picture was painted by a monkey.
  • 7. PASSIVE VOICE EXAMPLES PRESENT: IS, ARE PAST: WAS, WERE
  • 8. The passive voice is typically contrasted with the active voice, which is the form of a transitive verb whose subject serves as the agent, performing the action of the verb. The subject of a verb in the passive voice corresponds to the object of the same verb in the active voice.
  • 9. Active Passive Time Reference They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Present simple Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan Present continuous James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". "Dubliners" was written by James Joyces. Past simple They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. Past continuous They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. Present perfect They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built Future in Portland. intention with going to I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. Future simple
  • 10. If you want to change a passive-voice sentence to active voice, find the agent in a "by the..." phrase, or consider carefully who or what is performing the action expressed in the verb. Make that agent the subject of the sentence, and change the verb accordingly. Sometimes you will need to infer the agent from the surrounding sentences which provide context.
  • 11. Special cases: Verbs with no passive forms and other verbs with no active forms Some verbs don’t have passive form because they do not take direct objects. This category includes verbs such as: Occur, happen, take place, appear, seem, look, emerge, vanish, disappear, appear, resemble, consist of, collide, etc. Few changes have occurred at Stonehenge over the years. The discovery of Nazca Lines happened in the 1930s. NOT: A ceremonial function was had by these pictures. NOT: Some animals are resembled by the pictures. Jeff was born in Kansas. NOT: Jeff’s mother bore him in Kansas.
  • 12. A stative verb, generally, cannot be made into a passive sentence. However, some stative verbs have "active" forms in which the verb has another meaning. Stative verb: "weigh" Intransitive Verb Transitive Verb Arnold weighs 250 lbs. (stative) The doctor weighed the baby. (active) (no passive possible) The baby was weighed by the doctor. EXAMPLE Active Passive Some verbs have different meaning when in the passive voice: Passive The College of San Mateo is located on a hilltop. (exists) Active The Board of Regents voted to locate the new college on a hilltop. (situate / build) Active The police located the lost child. (found)